Schaereria

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Schaereria
Schaereria fuscocinerea 50-Digulleville,Jardeheu 2015-05-30 01.jpg
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Subclass: Ostropomycetidae
Order: Schaereriales
Lumbsch & Leavitt (2018)
Family: Schaereriaceae
M.Choisy ex Hafellner (1984)
Genus: Schaereria
Körb. (1855)
Type species

(A.Massal.) Körb. (1855)
Synonyms[1]
  • Hafellnera Houmeau & Cl.Roux (1984)
  • Ropalospora A.Massal. (1860)

Schaereria is a genus of lichen-forming fungi. It is the sole genus in the family Schaereriaceae, which itself is the only family in the Schaereriales, an order in the subclass Ostropomycetidae of the class Lecanoromycetes.[2]

Taxonomy[]

Genus Schaereria was circumscribed by German lichenologist Gustav Wilhelm Körber in 1855, with assigned as the type species.[3] The genus was accepted a few years later by Theodor Magnus Fries.[4] It subsequently fell into disuse as William Nylander placed it in synonymy with Lecidea.[5] and Antonín Vězda resurrected the genus in 1977, and included .[6]

Schaereria is one of several dozen genera whose species were previously included in the large genus Lecidea.[7] However, Lecidea has a different ascus structure than Schaereria. The family Schaereriaceae was first proposed by French lichenologist Maurice Choisy in 1949, but he did not publish the name validly.[8] Josef Hafellner published Schaereriaceae validly in 1984.[9]

Hafellner noted some similarities in the characteristics of the hymenium between the Schaereriaceae and the Pezizales,[9] and the family was included there in the 1985 version of the Outline of the Ascomycota.[10] This classification was later shown to be inappropriate as the Schaereriaceae do not have operculate asci—a characteristic of the Pezizales. After this the family was linked with the Teloschistineae (a suborder of the Teloschistales), or the Agyriineae (a suborder of the Lecanorales).[5] In 2018, H. Thorsten Lumbsch and Steven Leavitt proposed the new order Schaereriales to contain the family.[11][12]

Description[]

Several characteristics unite taxa in the order Schaereriales. These include: a thallus that is crustose to squamulose; a trebouxioid photobiont partner (spherical unicellular green algae); ascomata being lecideine (having an apothecium which lacks algae and lacks an amphithecium); apothecia that are hemiangiocarpous (meaning they open before the spores are mature); and a cup-shaped excipulum. Microscopic characteristics of the Schaereriales include asci of the Schaereria-type (lacking a tholus–the thickened inner part of an ascus tip), and ascospores that are hyaline, thin-walled, and one-celled.[11]

Species[]

  • Øvstedal (2009)[13]
  • Schaereria brunnea Björk, T.Sprib. & T.B.Wheeler (2009)[14] – Canada
  • Kantvilas (1999)[15] – Tasmania
  • (Schaer.) Th.Fr. (1861)
  • Muhr & Tønsberg (1992)[16] – Norway
  • (Nyl.) Schmull & T.Sprib. (2005)[17] – western North America
  • (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (1985)
  • (A.Massal.) Körb. (1855)
  • (Nyl.) Lumbsch (1997)[18]
  • Fryday & Common (2001)[19] – Falkland Islands
  • (Vain.) Vitik. (2004) – Fennoscandia
  • Rambold & H.Mayrhofer (1989)[20] – Australia

References[]

  1. ^ "Synonymy: Schaereria Körb., Syst. lich. germ. (Breslau): 232 (1855)". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  2. ^ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8.
  3. ^ Körber, G.W. (1855). Systema lichenum Germaniae (in Latin). Breslau: Trewendt & Granier. p. 232.
  4. ^ Fries, Th. M. (1860). Lichenes Arctoi Europae Groenlandiaeque hactenus cogniti. Nova Acta Regiae Societas Scientiae Upsala. 3 (in Latin). Vol. 3. pp. 103–398.
  5. ^ a b Lunke, Thomas; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Feige, G. Benno (1996). "Anatomical and ontogenetic studies on the lichen family Schaereriaceae (Agyriineae, Lecanorales)". The Bryologist. 99 (1): 53–63. doi:10.2307/3244438.
  6. ^ Poelt, Josef; Vězda, Antonín (1977). Bestimmungsschlüssel europäischer Flechten. Ergänzungsheft 1. Bibliotheca Lichenologica (in German). Vol. 9. J. Cramer. pp. 1–258. ISBN 978-3-7682-1162-8.
  7. ^ Hertal, H.; Rambold, G. (1985). "Lecidea sect. Armeniacae: lecideoide Arten der Flechtengattungen Lecanora und Tephromela (Lecanorales)". Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik (in German). 107: 469–501.
  8. ^ "Record details: Schaereriaceae M. Choisy ex Hafellner, Beih. Nova Hedwigia 79: 399 (1984)". Index Fungorum. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  9. ^ a b Hertel, H.; Oberwinkler, F., eds. (1984). Beiträge zur Lichenologie. Festschrift J. Poelt. Nova Hedwigia Beiheft. Vol. 79. Vaduz: J. Cramer. p. 399. ISBN 978-3-7682-5479-3.
  10. ^ Eriksson, O.; Hawksworth, D.L. (1985). "Outline of the Ascomycetes-1985". Systema Ascomycetum. 4: 1–77.
  11. ^ a b Kraichak, E.; Huang, J.P.; Nelsen, M.; Leavitt, S.D.; Lumbsch, H.T. (2018). "A revised classification of orders and families in the two major subclasses of Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) based on a temporal approach". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 20: 1–17.
  12. ^ Kraichak, E.; Huang, J.P.; Nelsen, M.; Leavitt, S.D.; Lumbsch, H.T. (12 September 2018). "Nomenclatural novelties" (PDF). Index Fungorum. 375: 1. ISSN 2049-2375.
  13. ^ Øvstedal, D.O.; Lewis Smith, R.I. (2009). "Further additions to the lichen flora of Antarctica and South Georgia". Nova Hedwigia. 88 (1–2): 157–168.
  14. ^ Spribille, Toby; Björk, Curtis R.; Ekman, Stefan; Elix, John A.; Goward, Trevor; Printzen, Christian; Tønsberg, Tor; Wheeler, Tim (2009). "Contributions to an epiphytic lichen flora of northwest North America: I. Eight new species from British Columbia inland rain forests". The Bryologist. 112 (1): 109–137. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-112.1.109.
  15. ^ Kantvilas, Gintaras (2007). "A new species of Schaereria from Tasmania". The Lichenologist. 31 (3): 231–238. doi:10.1006/lich.1998.0202.
  16. ^ Tønsberg, T. (1992). The sorediate and isidiate, corticolous, crustose lichens in Norway. Sommerfeltia. Vol. 14. p. 294. ISBN 82-7420-015-2.
  17. ^ Schmull, Michaela; Spribille, Toby (2005). "Schaereria dolodes (Nyl. ex Hasse) Schmull & T. Sprib.: a second corticolous species in the genus". The Lichenologist. 37 (6): 527–533. doi:10.1017/S0024282905015264.
  18. ^ Lumbsch, H.T. (1997). "Systematic studies in the suborder Agyriineae (Lecanorales)". Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory. 83: 64.
  19. ^ Fryday, Alan M.; Common, Ralph S. (2001). "A new species of Schaereria (lichenized Fungi) from the Falkland Islands". The Bryologist. 104 (1): 109–114. JSTOR 3244921.
  20. ^ Rambold, Gerhard (1989). A monograph of the saxicolous lecideoid lichens of Australia (excl. Tasmania). Bibliotheca Lichenologica. Vol. 34. J. Cramer. p. 313. ISBN 978-3-443-58013-1.
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