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which clearly it reveals itself as rank of equal to one
at the tagged circles, making the critical point degenerate, that is, showing that the critical points are not isolated.
Round complexity[]
Mimicking the L–S category theory one can define the round complexity asking for whether or not exist round functions on manifolds and/or for the minimum number of critical loops.
References[]
Siersma and Khimshiasvili, On minimal round functions, Preprint 1118, Department of Mathematics, Utrecht University, 1999, pp. 18.[1]. An update at [2]