Royal Caribbean International

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the cruise line. For its parent holding company, see Royal Caribbean Group.
Royal Caribbean International
FormerlyRoyal Caribbean Cruise Line
TypeSubsidiary
Industry
Founded1968; 53 years ago (1968) in Norway
HeadquartersMiami, Florida, U.S.
Key people
Richard D. Fain
(Chairman, CEO)
Michael Bayley (President)
ServicesCruises
ParentRoyal Caribbean Group
Websiteroyalcaribbean.com
Footnotes / references
[1][2]

Royal Caribbean International (RCI), also formerly known as Royal Caribbean Cruise Line (RCCL), is a cruise line brand founded in 1968 in Norway and organised as a wholly owned subsidiary of Royal Caribbean Group since 1997. Based in Miami, Florida, United States, it is the largest cruise line by revenue and second largest by passengers counts. In 2018, Royal Caribbean International controlled 19.2% of the worldwide cruise market by passengers and 14.0% by revenue.[3] It operates the four largest passenger ships in the world. As of January 2021, the line operates twenty-four ships and has six additional ships on order.

History[]

Royal Caribbean's first ship, Song of Norway

Royal Caribbean Cruise Line was founded in 1968 by three Norwegian shipping companies: Anders Wilhelmsen & Company, I.M. Skaugen & Company, and Gotaas Larsen. The newly created line put its first ship, Song of Norway, into service two years later. A year later, the line added Nordic Prince to the fleet and in 1972 it added Sun Viking. In 1978, Song of Norway became Royal Caribbean's first passenger ship to be lengthened. This was accomplished via the insertion of an 85-foot (26 m) section to the vessel's severed center. Following the success of this work, Nordic Prince was also stretched in 1980. During the stretching of both ships, their sterns were modified to create more open space, however Sun Viking was neither stretched nor modified. In 1982, Royal Caribbean launched Song of America, over twice the size of Sun Viking and at the time the third largest passenger vessel afloat (after Norway and Queen Elizabeth 2).[citation needed]

Royal Caribbean's third ship, Sun Viking

In 1986, Royal Caribbean leased a coastal property in Labadie, Haiti, to be used as a private destination for its guests, renamed as Labadee.[4] After a corporate restructuring in 1988, the line launched Sovereign of the Seas, the largest passenger vessel afloat at the time.[5] That same year, Royal Caribbean also merged with Admiral Cruises.[6] Two years later in 1990, Nordic Empress and Viking Serenade entered service and Royal Caribbean purchased a second private destination, Little Stirrup Cay, an island in the Bahamas, which they branded as CocoCay.[6]

Majesty of the Seas and Monarch of the Seas in Nassau, Bahamas

The second and third Sovereign-class cruise ships Monarch of the Seas and Majesty of the Seas were delivered in 1991 and 1992 respectively.

Royal Caribbean went public on the New York Stock Exchange in 1993. Over the next two years, the company experienced rapid growth, and it built a new corporate headquarters in Miami, Florida, and replaced the Nordic Prince with a new vessel, the Legend of the Seas.[citation needed]

Following these events, two new Vision-class vessels entered service, Splendour of the Seas and Grandeur of the Seas. In 1996, the company contracted with Finland's Aker Finnyards for the construction of 130,000-ton vessels and, in 1997, the line's oldest ship, Song of Norway, was sold and two new Vision-class ships entered service, Rhapsody of the Seas and Enchantment of the Seas.[citation needed]

Reorganisation and renaming[]

In 1997, it merged with the Greek cruise line Celebrity Cruises and changed its name from Royal Caribbean Cruise Line to Royal Caribbean International. At the same time, Royal Caribbean Group was formed as Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. to serve as a holding company that owned both Celebrity Cruises and Royal Caribbean International. The next year, the last of the company's older vessels, Song of America and Sun Viking, were retired. In 1998, Vision of the Seas came into service, the last of the Vision-class ships.[citation needed]

In 1999, Voyager of the Seas, the line's newest and world's largest cruise ship entered service with much attention from the news media. Two years later, the line took delivery of a second Voyager-class ship, Explorer of the Seas, and the first of a new Radiance class of more environmentally friendly[clarification needed] cruise liners, Radiance of the Seas.

In 2000, Royal Caribbean operated a series of land-and-sea-based "cruise tours" in Alaska, featuring glass-domed train cars to scenic destinations within the state and Canada. Over the next two years, they also introduced cruise tours to destinations throughout Europe.[7]

The Voyager-class Navigator of the Seas and the Radiance-class Brilliance of the Seas were put into service in 2002. Mariner of the Seas and Serenade of the Seas, another pair of Voyager and Radiance-class ships, were introduced the next year, and rock-climbing walls were made a feature of every Royal Caribbean ship that year. A fourth Radiance-class ship, Jewel of the Seas, followed in 2004, and the line's Nordic Empress was reconditioned and re-christened as Empress of the Seas, which was later sold to Pullmantur Cruises in 2008. In 2005, Enchantment of the Seas underwent a massive renovation including enlarging the ship with a 74-foot (23 m) midsection.[citation needed]

Construction commenced on Freedom of the Seas, the line's newest ship, at Aker Finnyards in 2005, and the vessel launched the next year as the largest passenger vessel in the world. Freedom of the Seas's sister ship, Liberty of the Seas, was launched in 2007, and Independence of the Seas was delivered in 2008.[citation needed]

U.S. headquarters in Miami, Florida

An even larger class, the Oasis class, featuring Oasis of the Seas and Allure of the Seas, was launched in 2009 and 2010, guaranteeing Royal Caribbean the ship size lead for years to come. In December 2012, Royal Caribbean announced that they had ordered a third Oasis-class cruise ship from STX France, which would be larger than the previous ships in the class.[8] In March 2014, Royal Caribbean announced that they had ordered a fourth Oasis-Class ship from STX France.[9]

In February 2013, Royal Caribbean announced the first two ships of their newest Quantum class, Quantum of the Seas and Anthem of the Seas, which were being built at the Meyer Werft shipyard.[10][11][12] In May of that year, Royal Caribbean announced that they had signed a contract for a third Quantum-class ship for delivery in mid-2016.[13]

In September 2014, Royal Caribbean announced that the third Quantum-class ship would be named Ovation of the Seas,[14] and in February 2015 they announced that the third Oasis-class ship would be named Harmony of the Seas.[15]

In March 2015, Royal Caribbean announced that they had agreed to sell Splendour of the Seas to TUI Cruises in the second quarter of 2016.[16]

In June 2016, Royal Caribbean announced that they had agreed to sell Legend of the Seas to TUI Cruises in the second quarter of 2017.[17]

The company lobbies in various jurisdictions in which it operates. In the United States of America, lobbying expenditure records are held by the Senate Office of Public Records.[18] In South Australia, the company is represented by lobbying company Richardson Coutts Pty Ltd.[19]

In 2017, Royal Caribbean agreed to use Port Everglades as a preferred berth for its Oasis class ships.[20] The new agreement extended the past contract with Port Everglades until 2026, contingent upon a $100 million remodeling of Cruise Terminal 25, and approved by the Broward County Board of County Commissioners.[20]

On 15 March 2018, Royal Caribbean announced that they will conduct a huge renovation for their private island, Coco Cay, which is halfway done with parts opening in December 2018 and early to late 2019 with its first opening in May 2019 and its official opening with everything completed by November or December 2019.[citation needed]

In December 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Royal Caribbean suspended sailings across its fleet. It also sold Empress of the Seas and Majesty of the Seas,[21][22] with the former going to .[23] As of 12 January 2021, its first and only ship to resume sailing was Quantum of the Seas, which began sailing from Singapore in December 2020 under health and safety regulations formulated by the Singapore government.[24]

On June 29, 2021, Royal Caribbean International’s Ovation of the Seas became the first cruise ship to return to the Port of Seattle.[25]

Fleet[]

Current fleet[]

Since Sovereign of the Seas entered service in 1987, all subsequent Royal Caribbean ships have names ending with the phrase "of the Seas".

Vision class[]

Main article: Vision-class cruise ship

The Vision class consists of three pairs of sister ships. Legend and Splendour, built at Chantiers de l'Atlantique, Saint-Nazaire, France have a gross tonnage of approximately 70,000. Grandeur and Enchantment were built at Kvaerner Masa-Yards, Helsinki, Finland and had an original tonnage of approximately 73,000 GT. The final pair, Rhapsody and Vision were also built at Chantiers de l'Atlantique, and have a tonnage of 78,000 GT. In 2005, a 74-foot (23 m) midsection was added to Enchantment of the Seas, bringing its tonnage to over 80,000 GT. All ships of this class feature over 2 acres (8,100 m2) of glass. Royal Caribbean sold both Splendour of the Seas and Legend of the Seas to Marella Cruises. Splendour of the Seas last sailed for Royal Caribbean on 4 April 2016, and the final Legend of the Seas sailing for Royal Caribbean left port on 13 March 2017.[26][27] In October 2019, Royal Caribbean announced a plan to transfer Grandeur of the Seas to Pullmantur Cruises after its last scheduled sailing on 21 March 2021.[28] However, following Pullmantur's filing for bankruptcy, Royal Caribbean later announced in August 2020 that Grandeur would remain in Royal Caribbean's fleet.[29]

Ship Year
built 		Gross
tonnage 		Berths Notes Ship image
Double Maximum
Grandeur of the Seas 1996 73,817[30] 1,992[31] 2,440[31]
Grandeur of the Seas (cropped).jpg
Rhapsody of the Seas 1997 78,878[32] 1,998[33] 2,416[33]
Rhapsody of the Seas - Skagway, AK (cropped).jpg
Enchantment of the Seas 1997 82,910[34] 2,252[35] 2,730[35] Lengthened in 2005
Enchantment of the Seas.jpg
Vision of the Seas 1998 78,717[36] 2,050[37] 2,514[37]
Vision of the Seas departing Tallinn 19 August 2013 (cropped).JPG

Voyager class[]

Main article: Voyager-class cruise ship

The Voyager-class ships were the largest class of cruise ships in the world when constructed and were the first ships to have an ice rink at sea and the first to have Royal Caribbean's "Royal Promenade" mall concept, a main thoroughfare extending most of the length of the ship, flanked by bars, cafes, and shopping venues. They were built at Kvaerner Masa-Yards' (now Meyer Turku) facility in Turku, Finland. They have a gross tonnage of around 137,000 tonnes. Activity options onboard all five ships include a basketball court, at least three pools, a mini-golf course, a rock wall, an ice skating rink and, originally, an inline skating track. Navigator of the Seas replaced the inline skating track with a Flowrider surf simulator in 2014, and similar changes are planned for Voyager and Explorer.[38]

Navigator of the Seas and Mariner of the Seas are second-generation Voyager-class vessels, and feature glass stateroom balconies that extend out from the superstructure of the ship and a larger Windjammer buffet area.

Ship Year
built 		Gross
tonnage 		Berths Notes Ship image
Double Maximum
Voyager of the Seas 1999 138,194[39] 3,114[40] 3,840[40] Refurbished in the Fall of 2019.
Voyager of the Seas in Sydney.jpg
Explorer of the Seas 2000 138,194[41] 3,114[42] 3,840[42]
Explorer of the Seas, Fremantle, 2015 (01) (cropped).JPG
Adventure of the Seas 2001 138,193[43] 3,114[44] 3,807[44]
Adventure of the Seas Jun 24 2019 (cropped).jpg
Navigator of the Seas 2002 139,999[45] 3,376[46] 4,000[46] Refurbished in the Spring of 2019.
Navigator of the Seas 2014 Galveston 1 (cropped).JPG
Mariner of the Seas 2003 139,863[47] 3,114[48] 3,807[48] Refurbished in the Spring of 2018.
Mariner of the Seas at hakata port (cropped).jpg

Radiance class[]

Main article: Radiance-class cruise ship

All Radiance-class ships have a gross tonnage of 90,090 and environmentally friendlier gas turbine engines. The Radiance-class ships have over 3 acres (12,000 m2) of glass, glass exterior viewing elevators, over 700 balcony staterooms, two-level glass windowed dining rooms, alternative restaurants, a retractable glass roof over a pool, an outdoor pool, as well as the first self-leveling billiard tables at sea. The Radiance class ships were constructed at Meyer Werft, Papenburg, Germany. Unlike the preceding Voyager class, these ships are built to the Panamax form factor, allowing them to pass through the Panama Canal.

Ship Year
built 		Gross
tonnage 		Berths Notes Ship image
Double Maximum
Radiance of the Seas 2001 90,090[49] 2,143[50] 2,466[50]
Radiance of the Seas - Juneau, AK (cropped).jpg
Brilliance of the Seas 2002 90,090[51] 2,142[52] 2,543[52]
Brilliance of the Seas in Tallinn 9 August 2012 (cropped).JPG
Serenade of the Seas 2003 90,090[53] 2,146[54] 2,476[54]
Serenade of the Seas at Grand Cayman1 (cropped).JPG
Jewel of the Seas 2004 90,090[55] 2,112[56] 2,502[56]
Jewel of the Seas G628 (cropped).jpg

Freedom class[]

Main article: Freedom-class cruise ship

The Freedom-class ships are lengthened versions of the second-generation Voyager-class ship, and contain a 400-foot (120 m) Royal Promenade mall running much of the length of the ship, an ice skating rink, basketball court, several pools, a mini-golf course, and a rock wall. New features on the Freedom class include the FlowRider surfing simulator, the H2O Zone kids water play area, a boxing ring, and hot tubs cantilevered over the side of the ship. At 154,407 gross tons, the Freedom-class ships were the largest ships in the world from 2006, until the debut of the Oasis class in 2009.[57]

Ship Year
built 		Gross
tonnage 		Berths Notes Ship image
Double Maximum
Freedom of the Seas 2006 156,271[58] 3,782[59] 4,515[59] Refurbished in the Spring of 2020
MS Freedom of the Seas in its maiden voyage (cropped).jpg
Liberty of the Seas 2007 155,889[60] 3,798[61] 4,960[61]
Liberty Of The Seas GC 12-22-16 (cropped).jpg
Independence of the Seas 2008 155,889[62] 3,634[63] 4,375[63] Refurbished in the Spring of 2019
MS Independence of the Seas in Southampton (cropped).JPG

Oasis class[]

Main article: Oasis-class cruise ship

The Oasis-class ships are the largest passenger ships ever built, having surpassed the Freedom-class ships. They can accommodate up to 5,400 passengers at double occupancy and they have a maximum capacity of 6,296 passengers. Furthermore, the ships have a gross tonnage of at least 225,282 tons, and cost the line around US$1.4 billion each. The first two ships in the class, Oasis of the Seas and Allure of the Seas,[64][65] were delivered in 2009 and 2010 by STX Europe Turku Shipyard, Finland.[66] The third and fourth ships in the class, Harmony of the Seas and Symphony of the Seas were built at Chantiers de l'Atlantique in Saint-Nazaire, France. They were the first to also come with the Ultimate Abyss.[67] Royal Caribbean International, in conjunction with USA Today, sponsored a contest to name the first two vessels.[64][68][69] On 18 February 2019 Royal Caribbean announced the order of a 6th Oasis class vessel from Chantiers de l'Atlantique for delivery in 2023 with a double occupancy of 5,714 and gross tonnage of 231,000.

Ship Year
built 		Gross
tonnage 		Berths Notes Ship image
Double Maximum
Oasis of the Seas 2009 226,838[70] 5,400[71] 6,780[71] Refurbished in fall of 2019.
Oasis of the Seas (cropped).jpg
Allure of the Seas 2010 225,282[72] 5,492[73] 6,780[73]
Allure of the Seas (ship, 2009) 001 (cropped).jpg
Harmony of the Seas 2016 226,963[74] 5,497[75] 6,687[75]
Harmony of the Seas (ship, 2016) 001 (cropped).jpg
Symphony of the Seas 2018 228,081[76] 5,518[76] 6,680[76] The largest passenger ship in the world by gross tonnage as of June 2019.
SymphonyOfTheSeas (cropped) 02.jpg

Quantum class[]

Main article: Quantum-class cruise ship

The Quantum-class of ships debuted as the second largest class of cruise ships in the world. The Quantum-class ships were the first ships built for Royal Caribbean by Meyer Werft since the Radiance class and share many features with those ships, including indoor pools with retractable roofs, vast expanses of glass, outdoor seating in the "Windjammer" buffet, and self-leveling pool tables.[77][78] Other distinctive features of the Quantum-class include the "North Star" observation capsule mounted on the end of a 41-meter-long (135 ft) crane arm,[79] "RipCord by iFLY" a skydiving simulator,[80] the three-deck-high Two70° lounge and performance venue at the aft of the ship featuring panoramic windows that convert into projection screens,[81] and the multi-purpose SeaPlex facility which hosts activities such as basketball, roller skating, bumper cars, and a trapeze school.[82] The Quantum class was the first class designed specifically for Dynamic Dining, and feature several separate complementary dining facilities instead of a single main dining room.[83] Each venue will maintain the same menu and staff throughout the cruise.[84] Unlike the earlier Voyager, Freedom, and Oasis class, Quantum-class ships do not feature a or ice skating rink, and the Royal Promenade mall down the center of the ship is not featured in its traditional form.[85][86]

Four ships, Quantum of the Seas, Anthem of the Seas, Ovation of the Seas, and Spectrum of the Seas[87][88] have been built so far. A fifth ship, Odyssey of the Seas was delivered in March 2021.[89]

Ship Year
built 		Gross
tonnage 		Berths Notes Ship image
Double Maximum
Quantum of the Seas 2014 168,666[90] 4,180[90] 4,905[90]
Quantum of the Seas - Wedel 04 (cropped).jpg
Anthem of the Seas 2015 168,666[91] 4,180[91] 4,905[91]
El Crucero Anthem of The Seas en el muelle de Santa Catalina de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. (18173969071).jpg
Ovation of the Seas 2016[92] 168,666[93] 4,180[13] 4,905[13]
Ovation of the Seas - Nieuwe Maas - Port of Rotterdam (25843859904) (cropped).jpg
Spectrum of the Seas 2019 169,379[94] 4,246[94] 5,622[94] First Quantum Ultra Class[95] ship
SPECTRUM OF THE SEAS 20190608-2 (cropped).jpg
Odyssey of the Seas 2021[96][97]
originally planned for 2020 		167,704[98] 4,200 Floated out in November 2020.[99]
Delivered on 31 March 2021.[100]
2nd Quantum Ultra-class cruise ship
Odyssey of the Seas (cropped).jpg

Future fleet[]

Ship Class Estimated date of completion Current status Gross
tonnage 		Berths Notes Ship image
Double Maximum
Wonder of the Seas[101] Oasis class 2022[96]
originally planned for 2021 		Under construction as of 24 April 2019 236,857 5,734 6,988 5th Oasis-class cruise ship[102]
First Oasis Class ship homeport in Asia
Icon of the Seas Icon class Fall 2023[96]
originally planned for 2022 		Under construction as of 26 May 2021 200,000 5,650 1st LNG powered Project Icon cruise ship[103]
TBA Oasis class 2024[96]
originally planned for 2023 		Agreement signed
18 February 2019 		231,000 5,714[104] 6th Oasis-class cruise ship[105]
TBA Icon class 2025[96]
originally planned for 2024 		Agreement signed
10 October 2016 		200,000 5,650 2nd LNG powered Project Icon cruise ship[103]
TBA Icon class 2026[96]
originally planned for 2025 		Agreement signed
2 July 2019 		200,000 5,650 3rd LNG powered Project Icon cruise ship[106]

Former fleet[]

Ship Class Year built Duration in service for Royal Caribbean International Current status Gross tonnage Notes Ship image
Song of Norway Song of Norway class 1970 1970–1997 Scrapped in 2013 as the Formosa Queen.[107] 22,945 Lengthened in 1978
Song of Norway Vigo (cropped).jpg
Nordic Prince Song of Norway class 1971 1971–1995 Scrapped in 2015 as the Pacific[108] 23,149 Lengthened in 1980
Carouselship (cropped).jpg
Sun Viking Song of Norway class 1972 1972–1998 Operating as floating casino Oriental Dragon for Oceanic Group Intl. 16,607
Sun Viking at Ocean Terminal, Hong Kong (cropped).jpg
Song of America Song of America class 1982 1982–1999 Operating as the Celestyal Olympia for Celestyal Cruises 37,584
ThomsonDestiny (cropped).jpg
Viking Serenade - 1982 1990–2002 Scrapped in 2018 as the Ocean Gala 1.[109] 40,171 Transferred from Royal Caribbean's subsidiary Admiral Cruises in 1990.
Viking Serenade Mexico 3 (cropped).jpg
Sovereign of the Seas Sovereign class 1987 1988–2008[110] Scrapped in 2020 as the Sovereign 73,192 Largest cruise ship from 1987 to 1990.
Sovereign of the Seas Nassau Bahamas (244161813) (cropped).jpg
Monarch of the Seas Sovereign class 1991 1991–2013[111] Scrapped in 2020 as the Monarch 73,192
Monarch of the Seas (cropped).JPG
Splendour of the Seas Vision class 1996 1996–2016 Operating as the Marella Discovery for Marella Cruises 69,130[57][112]
Splendour of the Seas 2011 (cropped).jpg
Legend of the Seas Vision class 1995 1995–2017 Operating as the Marella Discovery 2 for Marella Cruises 69,130[57]
Legend of the Seas (1) (cropped).jpg
Empress of the Seas Empress class 1990 1990–2008

2016–2020[21]

Sold to Cordelia Cruises[23] 48,563 Sailed for Pullmantur Cruises as Empress from 2008 to 2016.
Empress of the Seas in Grand Cayman May 30, 2016 (cropped).jpg
Majesty of the Seas Sovereign class 1992 1992–2020[21] Sold to Seajets and renamed Majesty of the Oceans[21] 78,941
MSMajestyOfTheSeasEdit1.JPG

Private resorts[]

Royal Caribbean operates two privately owned resorts that are used as stops on some Caribbean and Bahamas itineraries. They are Labadee, a resort on the northern coast of Haiti, and Coco Cay, a private island in the Berry Islands region of the Bahamas. Each resort features canopies for eating, lounge chairs, palm trees, white sand beaches, and a number of activities.

The company is planning to open additional private resorts in Asia[113] and on Lelepa Island, Vanuatu.[114]

Ports of call[]

Royal Caribbean operates internationally and has many ports of call.

US ports[]

United States ports for Royal Caribbean include Port Everglades in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Cape Liberty Cruise Port, Honolulu Harbor, PortMiami, the Port of Seattle, the Port of Galveston in Galveston, Texas, the Port of Los Angeles, the Port of New Orleans, the Port of San Diego, the Port of Seward in Seward, Alaska, the Port of Baltimore, the Port of Boston, Port Canaveral in Cape Canaveral, Florida, and Port Tampa Bay in Tampa, Florida, Port of San Juan in San Juan, Puerto Rico.[115]

International ports[]

Among these are the Port of Amsterdam, the Port of Barcelona, the Port of Quebec, the Port of Shenzhen, the Port of Stockholm, the Port of Vancouver, the Port of Auckland, the Port of Beijing, the Port of Civitavecchia, the Port of Singapore, the Port of Sydney, the Port of Venice, the Port of Copenhagen, the Port of Hong Kong, the Port of Melbourne, the Port of Shanghai, and the Port of Southampton.[115] Marmagao Port, Goa.

Awards[]

2019 and 2020 Awards[]

The cruise line has been presented with more than 100 notable awards during the course of 2019 and 2020.[116]

Previous Travel awards include

  • "Best Cruise Line Overall" 2016 by Travel Weekly[117]
  • "Cruise Line of the Year 2018" by Cruisedaily[118]

Loyalty program[]

The Crown & Anchor Society is Royal Caribbean's loyalty program. Membership is free and available to all guests after their first cruise.[119] Each member accrues a loyalty point for each night of a cruise, or two points per night for guests in suites.[120]

Members are categorised into tiers according to the number of points they have accrued, each with their own set of loyalty benefits:[121]

  • Gold (3 cruise points)
  • Platinum (30 cruise points)
  • Emerald (55 cruise points)
  • Diamond (80 cruise points)
  • Diamond Plus (175 cruise points)
  • Pinnacle Club (700 cruise points)

Incidents and controversies[]

As of 2008, Royal Caribbean had 22% of the market share in cruise line operation. Cruise line operators are criticized for using this large economic impact to cut deals with home ports, ports of call, and agencies.[122]

Norovirus outbreaks[]

In January 2014, an outbreak of norovirus aboard Explorer of the Seas sickened 689 of 4,237 passengers and crew (16.3%), causing the ship to return to port two days early.[123][124] The outbreak reportedly marked the greatest number of cases of illness aboard a cruise ship in two decades,[125] barely exceeding a 2006 outbreak aboard the Carnival Cruise Lines' Carnival Liberty that sickened 679 of 3,970 passengers and crew (17.1%).[126] Royal Caribbean offered all passengers aboard that cruise a 50% refund of their cruise fare, an additional 50% (plus 10% for each day sick passengers were quarantined) of their cruise fare as a credit towards another cruise, and reimbursed extra travel expenses for guests returning home early.[127]

Docking in Haiti[]

In the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Royal Caribbean continued docking cruise ships at the Labadee resort, located approximately 60 miles from the epicenter of the earthquake, during the ongoing humanitarian crisis. Royal Caribbean vice president John Weis defended the decision, citing relief supplies delivered through the ships and proceeds from the call going towards relief efforts. The decision to continue docking was criticized nonetheless and created concern among passengers.[128][129]

George Allen Smith case[]

Main article: Disappearance of George Smith

On 5 July 2005, passengers on board Brilliance of the Seas reported what appeared to be blood on a part of the ship below the passenger balconies. After a search, George Allen Smith was discovered to be missing and thought to have fallen overboard. A criminal investigation into possible foul play was conducted, and a brief press release on the company's investor relations website announced the settlement of the case,[130] later revealed to be more than $1 million.[131]

Environmental record[]

In 1998 and 1999, the company was fined US$9 million because one of its ships, Sovereign of the Seas, had repeatedly dumped oily waste into the ocean and tried to hide this using false records, including fake piping diagrams given to the US Coast Guard. Because the company was and is incorporated in Liberia, Royal Caribbean argued that this case was not in the jurisdiction of US courts. Despite their argument, they were unsuccessful.[132]

White Island eruption[]

Main article: 2019 Whakaari / White Island eruption

On 9 December 2019, a volcanic eruption occurred killing 21 people from Ovation of the Seas. It occurred on New Zealand's White Island (Whakaari) while Ovation was docked in the nearby Port of Tauranga. Despite an increase in seismic activity in preceding weeks 47 people, including 38 passengers and crew from the ship, were on the island when it erupted.[133][134][135] As of December 10, 2019, 44 of the 47 were injured, missing, or killed.[136] A Royal Caribbean spokesperson said the line was "devastated by today’s events",[137] and the ship remained in port until 10 December to assist with recovery efforts.[138] In April 2020, legal action was commenced in Australia on behalf of relatives and Ovation passengers against Royal Caribbean.[139]

Death of Chloe Rae Margaret Wiegand[]

On 7 July 2019, 18-month-old Chloe Rae Margaret Wiegand was dropped to her death from an open window by her grandfather Salvatore Anello on Freedom of the Seas while docked in San Juan, Puerto Rico.[140] He was later arrested on counts of homicide by authorities in Puerto Rico.[141] The family attempted to file a civil suit against Royal Caribbean claiming that Anello did not know the window was open. Royal Caribbean later released several videos from surveillance cameras showing the incident. As of 25 February 2020, Anello took a plea deal with authorities,[142] however the civil lawsuit was still approved by a judge.[143]

COVID-19 pandemic[]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Miami Herald reported that, after cruises were cancelled worldwide and they had disembarked all passengers, Royal Caribbean Cruises had refused to repatriate many of their crew members due to the associated costs, with many crew members turning to desperate measures, such as hunger strikes, as a result.[144][145]

As part of the Cruise Line International Association (CLIA), Royal Caribbean has volunteered to pause operations through 31 October 2020. Previously, the pause was to end on 15 September 2020.[146]

At the end of October 2020, Royal Caribbean extended its global sailing suspension through December 2020.[147] That suspension was then extended through April 30, 2021.[148]

On 16 June 2021, Royal Caribbean International announced that it was delaying the inaugural sailing of their newest cruise liner, Odyssey of the Seas after eight crew members tested positive for SARS-CoV-2–COVID-19. Six of the crew members were without showing signs of symptoms while the other two were experiencing mild symptoms of the disease. The delay was extended until July 31.[149]

References[]

  1. ^ "Cruise Careers at RCI". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  2. ^ "Royal Caribbean International". royalcaribbean.com. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  3. ^ "2018 Worldwide Cruise Line Market Share". cruisemarketwatch.com. Cruise Market Watch. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
  4. ^ Dave says (26 November 2009). "Cruise Travel Guide | Labadee Haiti, an Oasis of the Seas port of call | Cruise Accommodations". Planeteyetraveler.com. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
  5. ^ "Sovereign Of The Seas Cruise Ship Will Make Big Waves In Caribbean Travel Notebook". tribunedigital-mcall. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b "About Royal Caribbean: Our History". Royal Caribbean Shipboard Careers. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
  7. ^ "Royal Caribbean International And Celebrity Cruises Announce New Land-Tours In Europe". The Free library. Farlex, Inc. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
  8. ^ Royal Caribbean Orders Third Oasis-Class Ship from STX France. Cruise Industry News, 27 December 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
  9. ^ "Royal Caribbean orders fourth Oasis, world's biggest cruise ship". Reuters. 9 May 2014. Archived from the original on 8 September 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
  10. ^ Royal Caribbean announces names for new cruise ships, baltimoresun.com
  11. ^ "Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. : Investor Relations : Press Releases". Rclinvestor.com. Retrieved 14 October 2013.
  12. ^ "Royal Caribbean orders second Sunshine-class cruise ship". Reuters. 29 February 2012. Archived from the original on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2013.
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b c Bailey, Ian. "Royal Caribbean Signs Contract For Third Quantum-Class Cruise Ship". Meyer Werft. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
  14. ^ "THREE OF A KIND: OVATION OF THE SEAS TO JOIN QUANTUM CLASS AS THIRD SMARTSHIP". royalcaribbeanpresscenter.com. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  15. ^ "NEW GENERATION OASIS-CLASS SHIP HARMONY OF THE SEAS UNVEILS NEW THRILLS AND ADVENTURES". royalcaribbeanpresscenter.com. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  16. ^ "Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. to Sell Splendour of the Seas". royalcaribbeanpresscenter.com. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  17. ^ "Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. to Sell Legend of the Seas". royalcaribbeanpresscenter.com. Retrieved 26 August 2016.
  18. ^ "Lobbying Spending Database – Royal Caribbean Cruises, 2016 | OpenSecrets". www.opensecrets.org. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  19. ^ "New registration form – South Australian register of lobbyists". 17 May 2016.
  20. ^ Jump up to: a b Kalosh, Anne. "Port Everglades plans $100m terminal upgrade for Royal Caribbean". Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  21. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Royal Caribbean Sells Majesty and Empress of the Seas". www.cruiseindustrynews.com. 16 December 2020. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  22. ^ "Royal Caribbean Sells Empress and Majesty of the Seas". TravelPulse. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
  23. ^ Jump up to: a b "Rebooted Indian Cruise Line Emerges as Buyer of Empress of the Seas". The Maritime Executive.
  24. ^ "Royal Caribbean Extends Suspension of Cruising Through April". Cruise Industry News. 12 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  25. ^ Romanenko, Maria (28 June 2021). "Seattle Prepares for June 29 Arrival of Ovation of the Seas Ahead of Alaska Cruise Season". www.cruiseindustrynews.com. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  26. ^ "Splendour of the Seas Sold to TUI for Thomson Cruises". cruiseindustrynews.com. 2 March 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  27. ^ "Royal Caribbean Sells Legend to Thomson, Cites Capacity Growth". cruiseindustrynews.com. 2 June 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
  28. ^ "Grandeur of the Seas Will Leave the Royal Caribbean Fleet in 2021". Cruise Hive. 16 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  29. ^ "Royal Caribbean will keep Grandeur of the Seas in the fleet". Royal Caribbean Blog. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
  30. ^ "Grandeur of the Seas (18515)". DNV GL Vessel Register. Det Norske Veritas. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  31. ^ Jump up to: a b "Grandeur of the Seas Fast Facts". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  32. ^ "Rhapsody of the Seas (18863)". DNV GL Vessel Register. Det Norske Veritas. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  33. ^ Jump up to: a b "Rhapsody of the Seas Fast Facts". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  34. ^ "Enchantment of the Seas (18769)". DNV GL Vessel Register. Det Norske Veritas. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  35. ^ Jump up to: a b "Enchantment of the Seas Fast Facts". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  36. ^ "Vision of the Seas (19121)". DNV GL Vessel Register. Det Norske Veritas. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  37. ^ Jump up to: a b "Vision of the Seas Fast Facts". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  38. ^ "VOYAGER CLASS FLOWRIDER REFURBISHMENT". Mobimar.com. Archived from the original on 7 March 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
  39. ^ "Voyager of the Seas (19902)". DNV GL Vessel Register. Det Norske Veritas. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  40. ^ Jump up to: a b "Voyager of the Seas Fast Facts". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  41. ^ "Explorer of the Seas (19903)". DNV GL Vessel Register. Det Norske Veritas. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  42. ^ Jump up to: a b "Explorer of the Seas Fast Facts". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  43. ^ "Adventure of the Seas (20125)". DNV GL Vessel Register. Det Norske Veritas. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  44. ^ Jump up to: a b "Adventure of the Seas Fast Facts". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  45. ^ "Navigator of the Seas (22759)". DNV GL Vessel Register. Det Norske Veritas. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
  46. ^ Jump up to: a b "Navigator of the Seas Fast Facts". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  47. ^ "Mariner of the Seas (22760)". DNV GL Vessel Register. Det Norske Veritas. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  48. ^ Jump up to: a b "Mariner of the Seas Fast Facts". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  49. ^ "Radiance of the Seas (21562)". DNV GL Vessel Register. Det Norske Veritas. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  50. ^ Jump up to: a b "Radiance of the Seas Fast Facts". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  51. ^ "Brilliance of the Seas (21563)". DNV GL Vessel Register. Det Norske Veritas. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  52. ^ Jump up to: a b "Brilliance of the Seas Fast Facts". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  53. ^ "Serenade of the Seas (22826)". DNV GL Vessel Register. Det Norske Veritas. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  54. ^ Jump up to: a b "Serenade of the Seas Fast Facts". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  55. ^ "Jewel of the Seas (22827)". DNV GL Vessel Register. Det Norske Veritas. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  56. ^ Jump up to: a b "Jewel of the Seas Fast Facts". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  57. ^ Jump up to: a b c "2016-2017 Royal Caribbean Fleet Guide" (PDF). Royal Caribbean International. 26 February 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  58. ^ "Freedom of the Seas (25177)". DNV GL Vessel Register. Det Norske Veritas. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  59. ^ Jump up to: a b "Freedom of the Seas Fast Facts". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  60. ^ "Liberty of the Seas (26180)". DNV GL Vessel Register. Det Norske Veritas. Retrieved 13 May 2007.
  61. ^ Jump up to: a b "Liberty of the Seas Fast Facts". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  62. ^ "Independence of the Seas (26747)". DNV GL Vessel Register. Det Norske Veritas. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  63. ^ Jump up to: a b "Freedom of the Seas Fast Facts". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  64. ^ Jump up to: a b "Press Release: Royal Caribbean selects Oasis of the Seas and Allure of the Seas as the names for its Project Genesis ships" (PDF). Royal Caribbean International. 23 May 2008. Retrieved 23 May 2008.[dead link]
  65. ^ "Royal Caribbean's next ships will be Oasis, Allure". USA Today. 23 May 2008. Archived from the original on 26 May 2008. Retrieved 23 May 2008.
  66. ^ Aker Yards press release, Royal Caribbean orders another giant cruise vessel from Aker Yards, 2 April 2007.
  67. ^ Matt Hochberg. "Keel laying for Royal Caribbean's Fourth Oasis class cruise ship". Royal Caribbean Blog.
  68. ^ "Royal Caribbean's next ships will be Oasis, Allure". USA Today. 23 May 2008. Archived from the original on 26 May 2008. Retrieved 23 May 2008.
  69. ^ Name that ship contest, usatoday.com
  70. ^ "Oasis of the Seas (27091)". DNV GL Vessel Register. Det Norske Veritas. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  71. ^ Jump up to: a b "Oasis of the Seas Fast Facts". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  72. ^ "Allure of the Seas (28329)". DNV GL Vessel Register. Det Norske Veritas. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  73. ^ Jump up to: a b "Allure of the Seas Fast Facts". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  74. ^ "Harmony of the Seas (33249)". DNV GL Vessel Register. Det Norske Veritas. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  75. ^ Jump up to: a b "Harmony of the Seas Fast Facts". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  76. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Ship Fact Sheets: Symphony of the Seas". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
  77. ^ "Start of Steel-Cutting for First Project Sunshine Ship". Meyer Wert. 5 February 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
  78. ^ "Music Hall: The Hottest Live Entertainment Venue At Sea". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  79. ^ "A View From Above: North Star". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  80. ^ "Royal Caribbean International Introduces Skydiving Experiences At Sea". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  81. ^ "Two70° Revolutionizes Onboard Entertainment". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  82. ^ "Largest Sports And Entertainment Complex At Sea Introduced On Quantum Class". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  83. ^ "Dynamic Dining Hits the High Seas". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. Archived from the original on 27 March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  84. ^ "The Quanum Class Culinary Q & A's" (PDF). Royal Caribbean International. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  85. ^ "Deck Plans | Quantum of the Seas". Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  86. ^ Dunham-Potter, Anita (16 April 2013). "Quantum Of The Seas' New Thrills At Sea". HuffPost Travel. The Huffington Post. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  87. ^ Reiser, Emon (7 May 2015). "Royal Caribbean orders fourth Quantum-class cruise ship". South Florida Business Journal. bizjournals.com. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  88. ^ "Spectrum of the Seas Completes Another Construction Milestone". Travel Agent. Questex, LLC. 14 September 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
  89. ^ "Royal Caribbean orders fourth Quantum-class cruise ship". Cruise Industry News. cruiseindustrynews.com. 3 November 2015. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
  90. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Quantum of the Seas Fact Sheet". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  91. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Anthem of the Seas Fast Facts". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  92. ^ "Ovation of the Seas Delivered". 8 April 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
  93. ^ "Ovation of the Seas (34050)". DNV GL Vessel Register. Det Norske Veritas.
  94. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Spectrum of the Seas Fast Facts". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  95. ^ "Royal Caribbean Cruises".
  96. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Royal Caribbean Report fiscal year 2020". 31 December 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  97. ^ Mathisen, Monty (10 August 2020). "Royal Caribbean Newbuilds Will Be Delayed". www.cruiseindustrynews.com.
  98. ^ "DNV GL: Odyssey of the Seas". Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  99. ^ "Odyssey of the Seas Floating Out".
  100. ^ "Meyer Werft liefert Odyssey of the Seas ab". 31 March 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2021.[permanent dead link]
  101. ^ "BREAKING NEWS: OASIS 5 TO ASIA 2021".
  102. ^ "Royal Orders Oasis Five, Two More Ships for Celebrity". Cruise Industry News. 25 May 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
  103. ^ Jump up to: a b "Royal Caribbean Orders Pair of Icon-Class LNG and Fuel Cell Powered Ships". 10 October 2016.
  104. ^ Staff, C. I. N. (18 February 2019). "Sixth Oasis-Class Ship To Be Largest". www.cruiseindustrynews.com. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
  105. ^ "Chantiers de l'Atlantique : RCCL commande un Oasis de plus pour 2023". 18 February 2019.
  106. ^ "Royal Caribbean Inks Deal for Third Icon Class Ship for 2025 Delivery". www.cruiseindustrynews.com. 2 July 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  107. ^ Dake, Shawn (19 November 2013). "Former SONG OF NORWAY Sold For Scrap". Maritime Matters. Martin Cox. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
  108. ^ "Updated– Scrapbound Ex NORDIC PRINCE Runs Aground". Maritime Matters. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  109. ^ "Ocean Gala I (ex-Viking Serenade, Island Escape) to be Scrapped". 24 March 2018.
  110. ^ Cruise Business Review 12. 10. 2007: Say goodbye to Sovereign! The first ever modern megaship to join Pullmantur fleet, retrieved 13 October 2007 Archived 29 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  111. ^ "Royal Caribbean Moving Monarch of the Seas to Pullmantur". cruiseindustrynews.com. 20 March 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  112. ^ "Splendour of the Seas Fast Facts". Royal Caribbean Press Center. Royal Caribbean International. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  113. ^ "Royal Caribbean's New Private Island Cruise Will Have Hot Air Balloons and a 135-foot Water Slide". Travel + Leisure. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
  114. ^ Royal Caribbean International. "Royal Caribbean Announces Lelepa, Vanuatu Is Perfect For "Perfect Day"". www.prnewswire.com (Press release). Retrieved 15 October 2019.
  115. ^ Jump up to: a b "Royal Caribbean International Departure Ports of Call- Royal Caribbean International Ports: Travel Weekly". www.travelweekly.com. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  116. ^ "Royal Caribbean's Awards". Royal Caribbean Press Centre. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  117. ^ "Travel Weekly Readers Choice 2016". .
  118. ^ "Cruisedaily Awards 2018 - Voting now open". Cruise Locally - Explore Cruise Ships, Discover Ports, and Find Tours. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
  119. ^ "How do I enroll in the Crown & Anchor Society?". Royal Caribbean Cruises. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  120. ^ "What are Cruise Points for Crown & Anchor Society loyalty program?". Royal Caribbean Cruises. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  121. ^ "Crown and Anchor Society". Royal Caribbean Cruises. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  122. ^ Butt, Nickie (September 2007). "The impact of cruise ship generated waste on home ports and ports of call: A study of Southampton". Marine Policy. 31 (5): 591–598. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2007.03.002. ISSN 0308-597X.
  123. ^ "Royal Caribbean Cruise Illnesses Tied To New Scourge, CDC Says". NBC News.
  124. ^ "CDC – Vessel Sanitation Program – Explorer of the Seas, 21 January 2014". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  125. ^ "Royal Caribbean cruise ship returns home – with a sickness record". CNN.
  126. ^ "CDC – Vessel Sanitation Program – Carnival Liberty Outbreak Investigation, November 2006". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  127. ^ Henry, Samantha (30 January 2014). "Illness that left 700 on Explorer of the Seas vomiting likely largest outbreak of norovirus on cruise ship in 20 years". National Post. Associated Press. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  128. ^ "Luxury Cruise Ship Docks On Private Haitian Beach, Just 60 Miles From Devastation". Huffington Post. 18 January 2010.
  129. ^ Booth, Robert (17 January 2010). "Cruise ships still find a Haitian berth". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
  130. ^ "Press Release: Royal Caribbean And Jennifer Hagel Smith Reach Settlement". Royal Caribbean International. 29 June 2006. Archived from the original on 25 July 2009. Retrieved 10 May 2008.
  131. ^ "Judge uphold widow's settlement". AP/AOL. 2 May 2008. Archived from the original on 22 September 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2008.
  132. ^ "U.S. keeps wary eye on cruise ships for more pollution". USA Today. 8 November 2002. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
  133. ^ "New Zealand police open probe into volcano deaths". 10 December 2019.
  134. ^ "Whakaari/White Island: Ocean liner to stay in Tauranga until police finish investigation". 10 December 2019.
  135. ^ Greenfield, Charlotte (10 December 2019). "UPDATE 9-Spitting volcano keeps search parties off New Zealand island, death toll rises to six". CNBC.
  136. ^ "Whakaari/White Island eruption: We have a plan to recover bodies, police say". Stuff. 14 December 2019.
  137. ^ Moniuszko, Sara M. "New Zealand volcano eruption: Royal Caribbean cruise nearby, other travel effects". USA TODAY.
  138. ^ "Ovation of the Seas to sail out of Tauranga after losing multiple passengers in White Island eruption". 1NewsNow. TVNZ. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
  139. ^ "Toddler's family says she died after falling from open window on cruise ship". NBC News.
  140. ^ "Grandfather Charged With Homicide In Death Of Toddler Who Fell From Cruise Ship Window". Moms. 29 October 2019.
  141. ^ Lipcon; Margulies; Alsina; Winkleman; Lawyer, P. A.-Maritime. "Statement of Salvatore "Sam" Anello (Chloe Wiegand's grandfather)". LMAW, PA. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
  142. ^ "Grandfather of toddler who died in cruise ship fall is pleading guilty to end 'nightmare'". NBC News.
  143. ^ "Cruise companies refuse CDC terms to repatriate crew, call transport 'too expensive'".
  144. ^ "Desperate cruise employees say they're losing hope amid reports of overboard deaths". Miami Herald. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  145. ^ Bartiromo, Michael (5 August 2020). "Association of major cruise lines issues third suspension, will pause operations through 31 Oct". Fox News. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  146. ^ "Royal Caribbean extends global sailing suspension through December 2020". Royal Caribbean. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  147. ^ "Health and Travel Alerts | Royal Caribbean Cruises". Health and Travel Alerts. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  148. ^ "Royal Caribbean delays Odyssey of the Seas launch after crew tests positive for COVID-19". Reuters. 16 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021.

External links[]

Retrieved from ""