Rurouni Kenshin (TV series)

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Rurouni Kenshin
Rurouni Kenshin DVD 18.png
Cover of the eighteenth DVD volume, featuring Himura Kenshin (front) and Kamiya Kaoru (back)
るろうに剣心 -明治剣客浪漫譚-
(Rurōni Kenshin -Meiji Kenkaku Roman Tan-)
Genre
Anime television series
Directed byKazuhiro Furuhashi
Produced by
  • Koji Kaneda
  • Mitsuhisa Hida
  • Akio Wakana (#1–66)
  • Hiroshi Hasegawa (#67–95)
Written by
  • Michiru Shimada
  • Yoshiyuki Suga
  • Akemi Omode
  • Nobuaki Kishima
  • Michiko Yokote
  • Masashi Sogo
Music byNoriyuki Asakura
Studio
Licensed by
AUS
Madman Entertainment
Aniplex of America
Original networkFuji TV
English network
US
Cartoon Network (Toonami)
Original run January 10, 1996 – September 8, 1998
Episodes95 (List of episodes)
Anime film
Rurouni Kenshin: The Motion Picture
Directed byHatsuki Tsuji
Produced by
  • Katsunori Narumo
  • Akio Wakana
Written by [ja]
Music byTaro Iwashiro
StudioStudio Gallop
Licensed by
AUS
Madman Entertainment
Aniplex of America
UK
ADV Films
ReleasedDecember 20, 1997
Runtime90 minutes
Original video animations
Wikipe-tan face.svg Anime and manga portal

Rurouni Kenshin,[a][b] also known sometimes as Samurai X, is a Japanese anime television series, based on the manga series of the same name created by Nobuhiro Watsuki. The series was produced by Studio Gallop (episodes 1–66), Studio Deen (episodes 67–95) and SPE Visual Works and directed by Kazuhiro Furuhashi. It was broadcast in Japan on Fuji TV from January 1996 to September 1998. Besides an animated feature film, three series of original video animations (OVAs) were also produced. The first adapted stories from the manga that were not featured in the anime, the second was a sequel to the manga series, and the third was a reimagining of the second arc of the series.

The series was later licensed in North America and released on DVD by Media Blasters. The first two seasons aired on the United States Cartoon Network as part of the Toonami block, while the third season was only featured on DVD. The English-language versions of the OVAs, as well as the film, were originally released as Samurai X in North America, although the original name was included on the later DVD and Blu-ray Disc releases.

Rurouni Kenshin has ranked among the 100 most-watched series in Japan multiple times.

Plot[]

See also: List of Rurouni Kenshin characters

When arriving in Tokyo in the 11th year of Meiji era (1878), the former Ishin Shishi Himura Kenshin wanders around Japan until reaching Tokyo. There, he is attacked by a young woman named Kamiya Kaoru, who believes him to be the Hitokiri Battōsai but ends up forgetting about him upon the appearance of a man claiming to be the "Hitokiri Battōsai" - tarnishing the name of the swordsmanship school that she teaches. Kenshin decides to help her and defeats the fake Battōsai, revealing himself as the actual former manslayer who has become a pacifist. Kaoru invites Kenshin to stay at her dojo, claiming she is not interested in his past. Although Kenshin accepts the invitation, his fame causes him to accidentally attract other warriors who wish him dead. However, Kenshin also meets new friends including the young Myōjin Yahiko who wishes to reach his strength but ends up becoming Kaoru's student, the fighter-for-hire Sagara Sanosuke from the Sekihō Army who realizes the current Kenshin is different from the Ishin Shishi he detested for killing his leader Sagara Sōzō, and the doctor Takani Megumi who wishes to atone for her sins as a drug dealer, inspired by Kenshin's devotion to his past.

Production[]

Kazuhiro Furuhashi at Anime Expo 2013

In a manga volume prior to the release of the anime, Watsuki said that while some fans might object to the adaptation of the series into anime, Watsuki looked forward to the adaptation and felt it would work since the manga was already "anime-esque." He had some worries about the series since he felt since the creation of the series was sudden and the series had a "tight" production schedule.[4] In another note in the same volume Watsuki added that he had little input in the series, as he was too busy with the publishing.[5] In addition his schedule did not match the schedule of the anime production staff.[6] Watsuki said that it would be impossible to make the anime and manga exactly the same, so he would feel fine with the anime adaptation as long as it took advantage of the strengths of an anime format.[5]

After the anime began production, Watsuki said that the final product was "better than imagined" and that it was created with the "pride and soul of professionals." Watsuki criticized the timing, the "off-the-wall, embarrassing subtitles," and the condensing of the stories; for instance, he felt the Jin-e storyline would not sufficiently fit two episodes. Watsuki said that he consulted a director and that he felt the anime would improve after that point.[7] The fact that the CD book voice actors, especially Megumi Ogata and Tomokazu Seki, who portrayed Kenshin and Sanosuke in the CD books, respectively, did not get their corresponding roles in the anime disappointed Watsuki. Watsuki reported receiving some letters of protest against the voice actor change and letters requesting that Ogata portray Seta Sōjirō; Watsuki said that he wanted Ogata to play Misao and that Ogata would likely find "stubborn girl" roles more challenging than the "pretty boy" roles she usually gets, though Watsuki felt Ogata would have "no problem" portraying a "stubborn girl." Watsuki said that the new voice actor arrangement "works out" and that he hoped that the CD book voice actors would find roles in the anime.[8] Watsuki said that the reason why the CD book voice actors did not get the corresponding roles in the anime was due to the fact that many more companies were involved in the production of the anime than the production of the CD books, and therefore the "industry power-structure" affected the series.[6]

The second season of the anime television series had some original stories, not in the manga. Watsuki said that some people disliked "TV originals," but to him, the concept was "exciting." Watsuki said that because the first half of the original storyline that existed by the time of the production of Volume 10 in Japan was "jammed" into the first season, he looked forward to a "more entertaining" second season. Watsuki added that it was obvious that the staff of the first season "put their hearts and souls" into the work, but that the second series will be "a much better stage for their talents."[6]

Mayo Suzukaze voiced Kenshin. She said that she started feeling like Kenshin after years of work as his voice, but says that providing the voice for his character was one of her best experiences.[9]

In producing the English dub version of the series, Media Blasters considered following suit, with Mona Marshall considered a finalist to voice Kenshin. Richard Hayworth was eventually selected for the role, giving Kenshin's character a more masculine voice in the English adaptation. Marshall was also selected to voice the younger Kenshin during flashback scenes. Clark Cheng, Media Blasters dub script writer, said that localizing Kenshin's unusual speech was a difficult process. His use of de gozaru and oro were not only character trademarks that indicated his state of mind, but important elements to the story. However, neither is directly translatable into English, and in the end the company chose to replace de gozaru with "that I did," "that I am," or "that I do." Kenshin's signature oro was replaced with "huah" to simulate a "funny sound" that had no real meaning.[10] Lex Lang is Sanosuke's voice actor. When writing Sanosuke's dialogue, Clark Cheng, the writer of the English dub script, noted that the character was smarter than he would have liked in the first few episodes, so Cheng tried slowly to change the character's dialogue to make Sanosuke seem less intelligent so he would be more similar to the equivalent in the Japanese version of the series.[10]

Release[]

See also: List of Rurouni Kenshin episodes

Rurouni Kenshin, directed by Kazuhiro Furuhashi, began airing on Japan's Fuji TV on January 10, 1996 and ended on September 8, 1998.[11] It was produced by SPE Visual Works and Fuji TV, and was animated from episode 1 to 66 by Studio Gallop, whereas the episodes from 67 onwards were animated by Studio Deen.[12][13][14] The anime only adapts the manga up until the fight with Shishio, from then on it features original material not in the manga.[15] The final episode did not air in Japan, but was a bonus episode for the VHS and DVD releases.[16] Since its premiere in Japan, episodes from the series have been collected in DVDs various times: two DVDs series with both of them featuring four episodes per volume and three DVD boxes.[17][18][19] 26 collected DVD volumes were released in Japan.[20]

Sony Pictures Television International (then under the name Columbia Pictures Television later moved to Columbia TriStar Television) created their own English dub of the series, under the name Samurai X, which aired outside North America.[21][22] In 1999, Sony had tried and failed to market the series in the United States via an existing company.[23] The TV series was again licensed for North America by Media Blasters, who split it up into "seasons", and released on DVD. It began airing in the US on Cartoon Network as a part of the Toonami Block on March 17, 2003, but ended at the completion of the "second season" (episode 62).[24] Some of the show's depictions of obscene language, intense violence, and tobacco and drug usage were subject to heavy editing on Toonami. Episodes 63–95 did not air, but were included in the DVD release.[25] The "seasons" were released in three premium "Bento box" DVD boxes on November 18, 2003, March 30, 2004 and July 27, 2004.[26][27][28] They were re-released as "economy box" sets on November 15, 2005, January 17, 2006 and February 14, 2006.[29][30][31] As of November 2018, all three seasons with both the original Japanese audio and the Media Blasters dub (Bang Zoom! Entertainment) are available to stream on Netflix.[32][33] As of March 2020, the series has been removed from Netflix, however the Media Blasters dub is still on Crunchyroll and HBO Max and the BangZoom dub is on Funimation and Hulu.

Related media[]

Anime film[]

The series also has a movie called Rurouni Kenshin: The Motion Picture, known in Japan as Ishin Shishi e no Chinkonka (―維新志士への鎮魂歌, Requiem for the Ishin Patriots) and originally released in North America as Samurai X: The Motion Picture, which tells a story where Kenshin meets a samurai who was very close to a man Battōsai murdered in the war. The samurai is trying to start a revolution to overthrow the Meiji government. The film was directed by Hatsuki Tsuji and it premiered in Japan on December 20, 1997.[34] The Japanese DVD was released on August 21, 1998.[35] It has been republished twice in 2000 and 2002, adding new content to the DVD.[36][37] It was also released on December 7, 2005 on Universal Media Disc format.[38] In North America, the film was released on DVD on March 27, 2001.[39] The film was released on Blu-ray Disc in North America on October 26, 2011 by Aniplex of America.[40]

Original video animations[]

Main articles: Rurouni Kenshin: Trust & Betrayal, Rurouni Kenshin: Reflection, and Rurouni Kenshin: New Kyoto Arc

A 4-episode original video animation (OVA), titled Rurouni Kenshin: Trust & Betrayal, which served as a prequel to the anime television series, was released in Japan in 1999.[41]

A 2-episode OVA, titled Rurouni Kenshin: Reflection, which served as a sequel to the anime television series, was released in Japan from 2001 to 2002.[42][43]

A 2-episode OVA, Rurouni Kenshin: New Kyoto Arc, which remade the series' Kyoto arc, was released in Japan from 2011 to 2012.[44][45]

Soundtracks[]

See also: List of Rurouni Kenshin soundtracks
Cover of Rurouni Kenshin OST 1.

All of the series music was composed by Noriyuki Asakura and several CDs have been released by Sony Records. The first, Rurouni Kenshin OST 1 was released on April 1, 1996 and contained twenty-three songs that were used during the first episodes of the series.[46] The second one, Rurouni Kenshin OST 2 - Departure was released on October 21, 1996 and contained fifteen tracks that were first used before the start of the Kyoto Arc.[47] The next one, Rurouni Kenshin OST 3 - Journey to Kyoto was released on April 21, 1997 and contained the thirteen tracks that originally used in the Kyoto Arc.[48] For the next arc, Rurouni Kenshin OST 4 - Let it Burn was released on February 1, 1998 and contained twelve tracks.[49]

For the OVAs series, all themes were composed by Taku Iwasaki and the CDs were released by Sony Visual Works. The first, Rurouni Kenshin Tsuioku Hen OST was released on March 20, 1999 and contained sixteen tracks that were used in Samurai X: Trust & Betrayal.[50] For the Reflection OVA a soundtrack called Rurouni Kenshin Seisō Hen OST was released on January 23, 2002 and contained eighteen tracks.[51]

Several compilations of the anime songs were also released in collection CDs. Thirty tracks were selected and joined in a CD called Rurouni Kenshin - The Director's Collection, that was released on July 21, 1997.[52] Rurouni Kenshin Best Theme Collection was released on March 21, 1998 and contained ten tracks.[53] All of the opening and ending themes were also collected in a CD called Rurouni Kenshin OP/ED Theme Collection.[54] The Japanese voice actors of the series also composed songs that were released as two Cds Rurouni Kenshin Songs Album. All of the anime tracks, including OVAs and films tracks were collected in Rurouni Kenshin Complete CD-Box that was released on September 19, 2002. It contains the four TV OSTs, the two OVA OSTs, the movie OST, the two game OSTs, an opening & closing theme collection, and the two Character Songs albums.[55] On July 27, 2011, Rurouni Kenshin Complete Collection, which includes all the opening and ending themes and the theme song of the animated film, was released.[56]

Several drama CDs, which adapted stories in the Rurouni Kenshin manga, were also released in Japan. Each of them featured different voice actors from that one that worked in the anime adaptation.[57] In Volume 5 of the manga Watsuki stated that he anticipated that the script of the third volume, which has the stories involving the character Udō Jin-e, would be "pretty close" but would have additional lines belonging to Sanosuke and Yahiko.[58]

Reception[]

When TV Asahi, a television network in Japan, conducted a nationwide survey for the one hundred most popular animated television series, the Rurouni Kenshin anime came in sixty-sixth place.[59] They also conducted an online web poll, in which Rurouni Kenshin was placed at number 62.[60] Nearly a year later, TV Asahi once again conducted an online poll for the top one hundred anime, and Rurouni Kenshin anime advanced in rank and came in twenty-sixth place.[61] It also ranked at tenth place in the Web's Most Wanted 2005, ranking in the animation category.[62] The fourth DVD of the anime was also Anime Castle's best selling DVD in October 2001.[63] Rurouni Kenshin was also a finalist in the American Anime Awards in the category "Long Series" but lost against Fullmetal Alchemist.[64][65] In 2010, Mania.com's Briana Lawrence listed Rurouni Kenshin at number three of the website's "10 Anime Series That Need a Reboot".[66]

The anime has also been commented on by Chris Shepard from ANN noting a well-crafted plot and good action scenes. However, he also criticized that during the first episodes the fights never get quite interesting as it becomes a bit predictable that Kenshin is going to win as the music of moments of victory is repeated many times.[67] Lynzee Loveridge from Anime News Network highlighted as the most known series to use the Meiji period and saw the Kyoto Arc as one of the best ones.[68]

However, Mark A. Grey from the same site mentioned that all those negatives points disappear during the Kyoto Arc due to amazing fights and a great soundtrack.[69] Tasha Robinson from SciFi.com remarked "Kenshin's schizoid personal conflict between his ruthless-killer side and his country-bumpkin" side was a perfect way to develop good stories which was one of the factors that made the series popular.[70] Anime News Network acclaimed both Shishio's characterization in regards to what he represents to Kenshin's past: "a merciless killer who believes his sword to be the only justice in the land."[71] Similarly, Chris Beveridge Mania Entertainment praised the build up the anime's Kyoto arc has had as after fighting so much build up, Shishio fights and delivers skills that would amaze viewers despite suffering major wounds in the process. Beveridge reflected that while Shishio's death caused by his old wounds rather than an attack by Kenshin, the series' protagonist was also pushed down to his limits in the story arc due to fighting Sojiro and Shinomori before Shishio. Nevertheless, the writer concluded that it was still way paid off despite assumptions that Shishio's death might initially come across as a copout.[72]

Although Them Anime's Carlos Ross also liked the action scenes and storyline, he added that the number of childish and violent scenes make the show a bit unbalanced, saying it is not recommended for younger children.[73] Surat approved of the anime series, stating that while half of the first-season episodes consisted of filler, the situation "clicks" upon the introduction of Saitō Hajime and that he disagreed with people who disliked the television series compared to the OVAs. Surat said that while the Media Blasters anime dub is "well-cast," the English dub does not sound natural since the producers were too preoccupied with making the voice performances mimic the Japanese performances.[74] Surat said that while he "didn't mind" the first filler arc with the Christianity sect, he could not stomach the final two filler arcs, and Japanese audiences disapproved of the final two filler arcs.[75] Robin Brenner from Library Journal noted that despite its pacifist messages, Rurouni Kenshin was too violent, recommending it to older audiences.[76]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Japanese: るろうに剣心 -明治剣客浪漫譚-, Hepburn: Rurōni Kenshin -Meiji Kenkaku Roman Tan-, lit. "Rurouni Kenshin: The Romantic Folk Tales of a Meiji Swordsman"
  2. ^ "Rurouni" is a word made up by the author by blending the words 流浪 (rurō "wandering") and 浪人 (rōnin "masterless samurai", literally "wanderer"), and it is spelled in kanji within the manga 流 (る)浪 (ろう)人 (に). A rough translation of the title would be "Kenshin the Wandering Masterless Samurai."

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