Russian occupation of Gotland

Occupation of Gotland
Part of the Finnish War (Napoleonic Wars)
Gotland in 1858
Date 22 April–18 May 1808 Location Gotland, Sweden Result Swedish victory
Belligerents
Sweden	Russian Empire
Commanders and leaders
Rudolf Cederström	Nikolai Bodisko
Strength
2,000	1,800
Casualties and losses
1 dead	1,800 surrendered[note 1]

The Russian occupation of Gotland took place during the Finnish War between Sweden and Russia.

History[]

Russia had invaded Finland on 21 February 1808. An invasion force of nine Russian merchant ships left Liepāja and landed 22 April, after losing its course due to fog, at Slesviken in Grötlingbo on south Gotland with 1,800 men and six artillery guns under the command of Admiral Nikolai Andreevich Bodisko. After some initial confusion, beacons raised an invasion alarm which eventually reached the county governor, the retired marine officer . Af Klint started organizing an armed force in Gotland following orders from Stockholm.

However, Gotland had no troops ready at the time of the invasion. Instead af Klint had to raise a peasant levy. The levy encountered the Russian expeditionary force at Klinte Church and  [sv]. Af Klint judged the military situation unfavorable and decided to surrender without a fight. On 23 April the surrender took place, without documents, at the Sandäskes inn in Sanda. The next day the Russian force marched into Visby and found quarters. Bodisko proclaimed himself governor of Gotland, but Swedish officials -- except for af Klint -- were allowed to remain.

The two Swedish ships of the line  [sv] and Manligheten were sent from Karlskrona and blockaded the harbor of Slite beginning 12 May, hampering the possibility of Russian reinforcements. A Swedish relief expedition under the command of Admiral Rudolf Cederström was dispatched from Karlskrona on 11 May with the ships of the line  [sv],  [sv], Prins Fredrik Adolph and Äran, the frigate Bellona 5, the brigantines Svala and Disa and the yacht Fortuna. On board were soldiers from Småland commanded by the lieutenant-colonel of the Jönköping Regiment,  [sv] (1757–1834).

When news reached Visby that Swedish forces were on Gotland, the Russians capitulated. The Swedish force of over two thousand had by this time marched to Tule in Ganthem from Sandviken in Gammelgarn, where the Swedish fleet squadrons had arrived on 14 May. The Russians evacuated Visby on 17 May and left Gotland via Slite the next day.

Losses[]

The only loss associated with the Russian occupation was boatsman Carl Fredrik Lindgren (1777–1808), who fell to his death from the rigging of the flagship, Konung Gustav IV Adolph, at Sandviken. He was buried at  [sv].

Aftermath[]

Nikolai Bodisko was court-martialed and lost his commission (which he later regained).

In Sweden, the occupation led to the organization of national conscription, and Gotland National Conscription was the first unit 1811.

See also[]

• Gotland National Conscription

Notes, citations and sources[]

Notes[]

Citations[]

Sources[]

• Sandström, Åke; Wikström, Lena (2009). Ryss'n kummar! (in Swedish). Gotland University Press. ISBN 9789186343002.
• Sandström, Åke (2008), Den ryska ockupationen av Gotland 1808 (PDF) (in Swedish)
• Ingemund Hägg: Graven på Sysneudd, 2013
• Gunnar Unger: Illustrerad svensk sjökrigshistoria: afsedd för undervisningen vid k. sjökrigsskolan. Del 1, omfattande tiden intill 1680, Bonniers, Stockholm 1909, pp 228-32
• Mika Koskelainen: I spåren efter den ryska invasionen av Gotland 1808 på Sveriges Radios webbplats 22 mars 2008, viewed 2014-08-28