Rutland (UK Parliament constituency)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Rutland
Former County constituency
for the House of Commons
CountyRutland
Major settlementsOakham and Uppingham
1290–1918
Number of members1290–1885: Two
1885–1918: One
Replaced byRutland & Stamford

Rutland was a parliamentary constituency covering the county of Rutland. It was represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom until 1918, when it became part of the Rutland and Stamford constituency, along with Stamford in Lincolnshire. Since 1983, Rutland has formed part of the Rutland and Melton constituency along with Melton Mowbray from Leicestershire.

The constituency elected two Members of Parliament (MPs), traditionally known as Knights of the Shire, until 1885, when it was reduced to one Member.

Boundaries[]

The constituency comprised the whole of the historic county of Rutland, in the East Midlands. Rutland, the smallest of the historic counties of England, never had any Parliamentary borough constituencies within its borders.

The place of election for the county was at Oakham. This was where the hustings were held; at which candidates were nominated (before the Ballot Act 1872), polling took place (before the introduction of multiple polling places in county constituencies) and where the result was announced.

Pelling in his Social Geography of British Elections 1885–1910 describes most of the people in this county as "engaged in or dependent upon agriculture". The constituency was a safe Conservative one and was rarely contested in the period covered by the book. G. H. Finch MP had personally owned almost one tenth of the county he represented.

Members of Parliament[]

1295–1640[]

Parliament First member Second member
1295 (Nov) Robert de Flixthorpe[1] Simon de Bokminster[1]
1297 (Sep) [1] [1]
1298 (May) John Folville[1] [1]
1301 (Jan) [1] John Folville[1]
1302 (Oct) [1] Robert de Flixthorpe[1]
1310
1312 William de St Liz
1313 (Mar) [1] [1]
1318
1328 Richard de St Liz
1330 Richard de St Liz
1335 Richard de St Liz
1336 Richard de St Liz
1337
1340 (Jan) Robert de Hellewell[1] no 2nd member[1]
1363
1365
1368 Walter Scarle[2]
1369
1372 John Wittlebury[3]
1377
1378 Walter Scarle[2]
1380 (Jan) Walter Scarle[2]
1380 (Nov) John Wittlebury[3]
1380
1381 John Wittlebury[3]
1382
1383
1383 (Oct) John Wittlebury[3]
1384 [4]
1385 Hugh Calveley Walter Scarle
1386 John Wittlebury Walter Scarle[5]
1388 (Feb) [5]
1388 (Sep) [5] Walter Scarle[2]
1390 (Jan) Hugh Calveley [5]
1390 (Nov) [5]
1391 Sir John Bussy [5]
1393 Sir Walter Scarle [5]
1394 [5]
1395 John Wittlebury Sir Walter Scarle[5]
1397 (Jan) Roger Flore[5]
1397 (Sep) [5]
1399 John Durant Roger Flore[5]|- [5]
1401 John Durant [5]
1402 Roger Flore[5]
1404 (Jan) [5]
1404 (Oct) Roger Flore[5]
1406 Robert Scarle[5]
1407 Robert Browe [5]
1410
1411
1413 (Feb)
1413 (May) [5]
1414 (Apr) Roger Flore Robert Browe[5]
1414 (Nov) Roger Flore John Newbold[5]
1415 Roger Flore [5]
1416 (Mar) Roger Flore [5]
1416 (Oct) Roger Flore[5]
1417 Roger Flore ? [5]
1419 Roger Flore Robert Browe [5]
1420 Sir Thomas Burton [5]
1421 (May) [5]
1421 (Dec) [5]
1422 Roger Flore
1423 Robert Browe
1425 Sir Thomas Burton
1427 Sir Thomas Burton
1429 Robert Browe
1431 Robert Browe
1432
1433
1434
1439–40 Robert Browe Hugh Boivyle[6]
1445
1447 Hugh Boyvyle Everard Dygby[7]
1449 Everard Digby
1450 Everard Digby
1510–1523 No names known[8]
1529 Sir Everard Digby John Harington[8]
1536
1539 John Harington Edward Sapcote[8]
1542 John Harington Simon Digby[8]
1545 Kenelm Digby Anthony Colly[8]
1547 Kenelm Digby Anthony Colly[8]
1553 (Mar) Kenelm Digby Anthony Colly[8]
1553 (Oct) Andrew Nowell Kenelm Digby[8]
1554 (Apr) Anthony Colly John Hunt[8]
1554 (Nov) James Harington Anthony Colly[8]
1555 James Harington Kenelm Digby[8]
1558 Kenelm Digby James Harington[8]
1558–1559 James Harington Kenelm Digby[9]
1562–1563 Anthony Colly John Flower[9]
1571 Kenelm Digby John Harington[9]
1572 (Apr) Sir James Harington Kenelm Digby[9]
1584 Kenelm Digby (Sir) Andrew Noel[9]
1586 (Oct) Sir James Harington (Sir) Andrew Noel[9]
1588 Sir James Harington (Sir) Andrew Noel[9]
1593 Sir John Harington (Sir) Andrew Noel[9]
1597 William Cecil Sir James Harington[9]
1601 (Oct) Sir John Harington (Sir) Andrew Noel, declared void, Nov 1601
[10] replaced by [9][11]
1604–1611 Sir James Harington
1614 Sir Guy Palmes
1621–1622 Sir Guy Palmes
1624 Sir Guy Palmes
1625 Sir Guy Palmes
1626 Sir Francis Bodenham
1628 Sir Guy Palmes
1629–1640 No Parliaments convened

1640–1885[]

Year First member First party Second member Second party
November 1640 Hon. Baptist Noel Royalist Sir Guy Palmes Royalist
1643 Noel succeeded to peerage, August 1643 – seat vacant Palmes disabled from sitting, September 1643 – seat vacant
1646 James Harington Thomas Waite
1653 Rutland had only one representative in the Barebones Parliament
1654
1656
January 1659
May 1659 Sir James Harington Thomas Waite not recorded as participating in the restored Rump
April 1660 Philip Sherard Samuel Browne
1661 Edward Noel
February 1679
August 1679
1680
1681
1685 Baptist Noel Tory
1689 Bennet Sherard
1694 Sir Thomas Mackworth
1695 Lord Burghley
1698 Richard Halford
1701 Sir Thomas Mackworth
1708 Philip Sherard
1710 Lord Finch John Noel[12]
1711 Richard Halford
1713 The Lord Sherard
1715 John Noel
1719 Marquess of Granby Whig
1721 Sir Thomas Mackworth
1727 John Noel
1728 Thomas Noel
1730 William Burton
1734
1741 John Finch
1747 Lord Burghley
1753 Thomas Noel
1754 George Bridges Brudenell
1761
1768 George Bridges Brudenell
1788 Gerard Edwardes[13] Tory[14]
1790 John Heathcote Tory[14]
1795 Lord Sherard Tory[14]
1796 Sir William Lowther, Bt Tory[14]
1802 The Lord Carbery Tory[14]
1805 The Lord Henniker Tory[14]
1808 Charles Noel Tory[14]
1812 Sir Gilbert Heathcote, Bt Whig[14]
1814 Sir Gerard Noel, Bt Tory[14]
1830
1834 Conservative[14]
1838 Hon. William Noel Conservative[14]
1840 Hon. Charles Noel Whig[14][15]
1841 Sir Gilbert Heathcote, Bt Whig[14][16][17] Hon. William Dawnay Conservative[14]
1846 George Finch Conservative
1847 Hon. Gerard Noel Conservative
1856 Hon. Gilbert Heathcote Whig[18]
1859 Liberal
1867 George Finch Conservative
1883 James Lowther Conservative
1885 Representation reduced to one member

1885–1918[]

Year Member of Parliament Party
1885 George Finch Conservative
1907 John Gretton Conservative
1918 Constituency abolished: see Rutland and Stamford

Elections[]

Population in 1831: 19,380

General Election 1832 (December 14)
Registered Electors: 1,296
G N Noel, Bart. Conservative
G Heathcote Whig

General Election 1835 (January 10)
G N Noel, Bart. Conservative
G Heathcote Whig

General Election 1837 (July 29)
G N Noel, Bart. Conservative
G Heathcote Whig

Following the death of Sir G N Noel:

By-Election 1838 (March 13)
W M Noel Conservative

Elections in the 1830s[]

General election 1830: Rutland (2 seats)[14][19]
Party Candidate Votes %
Whig Gilbert Heathcote Unopposed
Tory Gerard Noel Noel Unopposed
Registered electors c. 800
Whig gain from Tory
Tory hold
General election 1831: Rutland (2 seats)[14][19]
Party Candidate Votes %
Whig Gilbert Heathcote Unopposed
Tory Gerard Noel Noel Unopposed
Registered electors c. 800
Whig hold
Tory hold
General election 1832: Rutland (2 seats)[14][20]
Party Candidate Votes %
Whig Gilbert Heathcote Unopposed
Tory Gerard Noel Noel Unopposed
Registered electors 1,296
Whig hold
Tory hold
General election 1835: Rutland (2 seats)[14][19]
Party Candidate Votes %
Whig Gilbert Heathcote Unopposed
Conservative Gerard Noel Noel Unopposed
Registered electors 1,264
Whig hold
Conservative hold
General election 1837: Rutland (2 seats)[14][19]
Party Candidate Votes %
Whig Gilbert Heathcote Unopposed
Conservative Gerard Noel Noel Unopposed
Registered electors 1,325
Whig hold
Conservative hold

Noel's death caused a by-election.

: Rutland[14][19]
Party Candidate Votes %
Conservative William Noel Unopposed
Conservative hold

Elections in the 1840s[]

Noel resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election.

: Rutland[14][20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Charles Noel Unopposed
Whig gain from Conservative
General election 1841: Rutland (2 seats)[14][20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Gilbert John Heathcote 767 36.4 N/A
Conservative William Dawnay 676 32.1 N/A
Whig Charles Noel 664 31.5 N/A
Turnout 1,341 86.1 N/A
Registered electors 1,557
Majority 91 4.3 N/A
Whig hold Swing N/A
Majority 12 0.6 N/A
Conservative hold Swing N/A

Dawnay resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election.

: Rutland[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative George Finch Unopposed
Conservative hold
General election 1847: Rutland (2 seats) [20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Gilbert John Heathcote Unopposed
Conservative Gerard Noel Unopposed
Registered electors 1,887
Whig hold
Conservative hold

Elections in the 1850s[]

General election 1852: Rutland (2 seats) [20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Gilbert John Heathcote Unopposed
Conservative Gerard Noel Unopposed
Registered electors 1,876
Whig hold
Conservative hold

Heathcote was elevated to the peerage, becoming 1st Baron Aveland and causing a by-election.

: Rutland[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Gilbert Heathcote Unopposed
Whig hold
General election 1857: Rutland (2 seats) [20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Gilbert Heathcote Unopposed
Conservative Gerard Noel Unopposed
Registered electors 1,822
Whig hold
Conservative hold
General election 1859: Rutland (2 seats) [20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Gilbert Heathcote Unopposed
Conservative Gerard Noel Unopposed
Registered electors 1,810
Liberal hold
Conservative hold

Elections in the 1860s[]

General election 1865: Rutland (2 seats) [20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Gilbert Heathcote Unopposed
Conservative Gerard Noel Unopposed
Registered electors 1,774
Liberal hold
Conservative hold

Noel was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring a by-election.

: Rutland [20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Gerard Noel Unopposed
Conservative hold

Heathcote succeeded to the peerage, becoming Lord Aveland and causing a by-election.

: Rutland [20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative George Finch Unopposed
Conservative gain from Liberal
General election 1868: Rutland (2 seats) [20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative George Finch Unopposed
Conservative Gerard Noel Unopposed
Registered electors 2,200
Conservative hold
Conservative gain from Liberal

Elections in the 1870s[]

General election 1874: Rutland (2 seats) [20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative George Finch Unopposed
Conservative Gerard Noel Unopposed
Registered electors 1,950
Conservative hold
Conservative hold

Noel was appointed First Commissioner of Works and Public Buildings.

By-election, 17 Aug 1876: Rutland (1 seat) [20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Gerard Noel Unopposed
Conservative hold

Elections in the 1880s[]

General election 1880: Rutland (2 seats) [20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative George Finch Unopposed
Conservative Gerard Noel Unopposed
Registered electors 1,736
Conservative hold
Conservative hold

Noel's resignation caused a by-election, which was the first contest in the constituency for 42 years.[21]

: Rutland (1 seat) [20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative James Lowther 860 81.6 N/A
Liberal John William Davenport-Handley[22] 194 18.4 New
Majority 666 63.2 N/A
Turnout 1,054 59.6 N/A
Registered electors 1,768
Conservative hold
Buszard
General election 1885: Rutland [23][24][25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative George Finch 2,366 68.1 N/A
Liberal Marston Clarke Buszard 1,110 31.9 N/A
Majority 1,256 36.2 N/A
Turnout 3,476 83.4 N/A
Registered electors 4,166
Conservative hold Swing N/A
Finch
General election 1886: Rutland [23][24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative George Finch Unopposed
Conservative hold

Elections in the 1890s[]

General election 1892: Rutland [23][24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative George Finch Unopposed
Conservative hold
General election 1895: Rutland [23][24][26]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative George Finch Unopposed
Conservative hold

Elections in the 1900s[]

General election 1900: Rutland [23][24][26]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative George Finch Unopposed
Conservative hold
Pearson
General election 1906: Rutland [23][24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative George Finch 2,047 56.7 N/A
Liberal Harold Pearson 1,564 43.3 New
Majority 483 13.4 N/A
Turnout 3,611 89.3 N/A
Registered electors 4,042
Conservative hold Swing N/A
John Gretton
1907 Rutland by-election[23]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John Gretton 2,213 61.9 +5.2
Liberal W F H Lyon 1,362 38.1 −5.2
Majority 851 23.8 +10.4
Turnout 3,575 87.6 −1.7
Registered electors 4,083
Conservative hold Swing +5.2

Elections in the 1910s[]

General election January 1910: Rutland [23][26]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John Gretton 2,235 59.3 +2.6
Liberal Joseph Nathaniel Emery 1,531 40.7 −2.6
Majority 704 18.6 +5.2
Turnout 3,766 91.2 +1.9
Registered electors 4,128
Conservative hold Swing +2.6
General election December 1910: Rutland [23][27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John Gretton 2,169 61.3 +2.0
Liberal Joseph Nathaniel Emery 1,367 38.7 −2.0
Majority 802 22.6 +4.0
Turnout 3,536 85.7 −5.5
Registered electors 4,128
Conservative hold Swing +2.0

General Election 1914–15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Members of Parliament 1213–1702. London: House of Commons. 1878.
  2. ^ a b c d "SCARLE, Walter (d.c.1401), of Uppingham, Rutland". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
  3. ^ a b c d "WITTLEBURY, John (1333–1400), of Whissendine, Rutland and Milton and Marholm, Northants". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  4. ^ "HARRINGTON, Sir Robert (d.1399), of Glaston, Rutland and Glooston, Leics. | History of Parliament Online". www.historyofparliamentonline.org.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad "History of Parliament". Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  6. ^ History of Parliament: Register of the Ministers and of the Members of Both Houses 1439–1509. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office. 1938. p. 17.
  7. ^ History of Parliament: Register of the Ministers and of the Members of Both Houses 1439–1509. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office. 1938. p. 82.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "History of Parliament". Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "History of Parliament". Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  10. ^ Sir Andrew Noel was elected despite being ineligible, being Sheriff of Rutland|| the Commons annulled his election and issued a new writ
  11. ^ Edward Noel was returned despite being ineligible to sit|| he was underage, and owned no freeholds in the county. The controversial election, conducted by the candidate's father in his capacity as Sheriff, led to a suit in the Court of Star Chamber
  12. ^ On petition, Noel was declared not to have been duly elected
  13. ^ Adopted the surname Noel on succeeding to his uncle's estates in 1798
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Stooks Smith, Henry (1845). The Parliaments of England, from 1st George I., to the Present Time. Vol II: Oxfordshire to Wales Inclusive. London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co. pp. 12–14. Retrieved 27 May 2019 – via Google Books.
  15. ^ "Berkshire Chronicle". 1 February 1840. p. 2. Retrieved 27 May 2019 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  16. ^ Churton, Edward (1836). The Assembled Commons or Parliamentary Biographer: 1836. p. 94. Retrieved 13 August 2018 – via Google Books.
  17. ^ "Stamford Mercury". 23 July 1841. p. 3. Retrieved 13 August 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  18. ^ "Miscellaneous Intelligence". Berkshire Chronicle. 8 March 1856. p. 6. Retrieved 13 August 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  19. ^ a b c d e Harratt, Simon. "Rutland". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3. {{cite book}}: |format= requires |url= (help)
  21. ^ "Rutlandshire Election". The Cornishman. No. 269. 6 September 1883. p. 6.
  22. ^ "The Rutland Election". South Wales Daily News. 28 August 1883. p. 3. Retrieved 10 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i British Parliamentary Election Results 1885–1918, FWS Craig
  24. ^ a b c d e f The Liberal Year Book, 1907
  25. ^ Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1886
  26. ^ a b c Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1901
  27. ^ Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916
  • Robert Beatson, A Chronological Register of Both Houses of Parliament (London: Longman, Hurst, Res & Orme, 1807) [1]
  • D Brunton & D H Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
  • Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808) Digital Bodleian
  • F W S Craig, Boundaries of Parliamentary Constituencies 1885–1972 (Parliamentary Reference Publications 1972)
  • F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885 (2nd edition, Aldershot: Parliamentary Research Services, 1989)
  • M Kinnear, The British Voter (London: Batsford, 1968)
  • McCalmont's Parliamentary Poll Book of All Elections 1832–1918
  • Lewis Namier & John Brooke, The History of Parliament: The House of Commons 1754–1790 (London: HMSO, 1964)
  • J E Neale, The Elizabethan House of Commons (London: Jonathan Cape, 1949)
  • Henry Pelling, Social Geography of British Elections 1885–1910 (Macmillan, 1967)
  • Henry Stooks Smith, The Parliaments of England (1st edition published in three volumes 1844–50), second edition edited (in one volume) by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1973)
  • Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "R" (part 2)
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