SMS Leopard (1912)

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Hilfskreuzer LEOPARD.jpg
SMS Leopard
History
United Kingdom
NameYarrowdale
BuilderW Dobson, Newcastle upon Tyne
Launched1912
Acquired1917
In service1912
Out of service1917
RenamedLeopard
FateSunk 16 March 1917
General characteristics
Displacement9,800 t (4652 GRT)[1]
Length124.7 m
Beam15.8 m
Draught7.4 m
Propulsion1×3 cyl III Exp
Speed13 knot
Range26,000 nm
Complement319[2]
Armament
  • 5 × 150 mm SK L/40
  • 4 × 88 mm SK L/45
  • 2 × TT[3]

SMS Leopard was an auxiliary cruiser of the Imperial German Navy intended for use as a commerce raider. She was intercepted attempting to break out into the Atlantic and was sunk with all hands in a fierce gun battle with British warships.

Early career[]

Leopard was built as the British freighter Yarrowdale by W Dobson&co Newcastle in 1912. She was operated by R MacKill&Co of Glasgow.

On 11 December 1916 Yarrowdale was captured by the German commerce raider SMS Möwe in the Atlantic. Möwe's captain, KK Graf zu Dohna-Schlodien was impressed by Yarrowdale's potential as a raider, and on 12 December dispatched her back to Germany with a prize crew, after loading her with the 400 prisoners he held on Möwe. After successfully running the British blockade Yarrowdale reached Germany and was taken in hand for conversion as an auxiliary cruiser.[4]

The conversion work was carried out at Kaiserliche Werft shipyard at Kiel. The ship was fitted with five 150 mm and four 88 mm guns and two torpedo tubes. On 9 January 1917 she was commissioned as the auxiliary cruiser Leopard, under the command of KK Hans v. Laffert.

Service history[]

See also: Action of 16 March 1917
An amateur watercolour of the destruction of the German raider 'Leopard', disguised as the Norwegian 'Rena', 1917

In March 1917 Leopard set out on her first and only raiding voyage. For this she was disguised as the Norwegian freighter Rena, an unlucky choice as this was the same disguise adopted by the raider Greif on her unsuccessful attempt to break out the previous year.

On 7 March Leopard passed through the Little Belt, and by 16 March she was in the Norwegian Sea midway between Norway and Scotland. There she was intercepted by the Armed Boarding Vessel Dundee and the cruiser Achilles. Dundee sent a boarding party but was suspicious of the freighter, and manoeuvered throughout the confrontation to stay astern of the vessel, and out of gunshot, while Leopard surreptitiously tried to turn broadside on her, to bring the concealed guns into action.

When she could no longer maintain the subterfuge, Leopard attempted to fight, firing a torpedo at Dundee, but this was avoided, and Dundee opened fire, backed up by Achilles. After a fierce exchange of fire, Leopard was sunk with all hands.[5]

Aftermath[]

Leopard was the last attempt by the Germans to mount a commerce raiding expedition. After this failure they relied solely on the U-boat campaign, in which they had re-commenced unrestricted submarine warfare. Whilst Leopard was fighting her battle, her captor, Möwe, was returning to port, slipping through the British blockade.

A short time after the action a bottle was retrieved containing a message from her crew, and thrown overboard during the battle. It bore the time and place and read "in action with British cruiser. Fighting for the glory and honour of Germany. A last greeting to our relatives."[6]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Schmalenbach p48
  2. ^ Schmalenbach p24
  3. ^ Schmalenbach p71
  4. ^ Halpern p371
  5. ^ Halpern p374
  6. ^ Schmalenbach p34

References[]

  • Halpern, Paul (1994) A Naval History of World War I ISBN 1-85728-295-7 HB
  • Hoyt, (1970) Edwin P The Elusive Seagull ISBN 0-09-101570-7.
  • Schmalenbach, Paul (1977) German Raiders ISBN 0-85059-351-4

Coordinates: 64°54′00″N 0°22′00″E / 64.9000°N 0.3667°E / 64.9000; 0.3667

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