SS River Clyde

River Clyde at V Beach on the Gallipoli peninsula, showing disembarkation ports cut in her starboard side.
History
United Kingdom
Name	River Clyde[1]
Namesake	River Clyde, Scotland
Owner	Steamship 'River Clyde' Co Ltd (Ormond, Cook & Co), Glasgow (1905-1915)[2][3] Sefton Steam Ship Co Ltd (H E Moss & Co), Liverpool (1915)[2]
Port of registry	Glasgow
Builder	Russell & Co, Port Glasgow[1]
Yard number	537[2]
Launched	23 February 1905[2]
Completed	March 1905[1]
Out of service	1915
Fate	Sold to The Admiralty[4]
United Kingdom
Name	River Clyde
Acquired	1915[2]
Out of service	1920[2]
Fate	Sold
Spain
Name	SS Angela[1]
Owner	A Pardo, Santander[2]
Port of registry
Acquired	1920
Out of service	1928
Fate	Sold
Spain
Name	SS Angela (until 1931)[4] SS Maruja y Aurora (1931 onwards)[1]
Owner	Gumersindo Junquera Blanco, Gijon (1929-48) Gumersindo Junquera S.A, Gijon (1948-1966)[2][1]
Port of registry
Acquired	7 December 1928[4]
Out of service	27 August 1937[4]
Identification	signal code HCPJ (as Maruja y Aurora)[1]
Fate	Seized by Spanish Nationalists, assigned to Spanish National Navy
Nationalist Spain
Name	Maruja y Aurora
Acquired	27 August 1937[4]
Out of service	1939[4]
Fate	Returned to former owners
Spain
Name	SS Maruja y Aurora[1]
Owner	Gumersindo Junquera Blanco, Gijon (1929-48) Gumersindo Junquera S.A, Gijon (1948-1966)[2][1]
Port of registry
Acquired	1939[4]
Out of service	1965
Identification	signal code HCPJ (as Maruja y Aurora)[1]
Fate	Sold to Desguaces y Salvamentos S.A.. Aviles for scrap, scrapping commenced 15 March 1966[4]
General characteristics
Type	collier
Tonnage	3,913 GRT[1] tonnage under deck 3,658[1] 2,526 NRT[1]
Length	344.8 ft (105.1 m)[1]
Beam	49.8 ft (15.2 m)[1]
Draught	17.9 ft (5.5 m)[1]
Installed power	374 NHP[1]
Propulsion	Kincaid & Co. 3-cylinder triple expansion steam engine;[1] single screw

SS River Clyde was a 3,913 GRT British collier built by Russell & Co of Port Glasgow on the Firth of Clyde and completed in March 1905. In the First World War the Admiralty requisitioned her for the Royal Navy and in 1915 she took part in the Gallipoli landings. After the war she was repaired and sold to Spanish owners, with whom she spent a long civilian career trading in the Mediterranean before being scrapped in 1966.

Propulsion[]

River Clyde had nine corrugated furnaces with a combined grate area of 169 square feet (16 m²) that heated three 180 lb_f/in² single-ended boilers with a combined heating surface of 6,150 square feet (571 m²) to raise steam for her three-cylinder triple expansion engine.^[1] The engine was built by J. G. Kincaid & Co. of Greenock and was rated at 374 NHP.^[1]

Before the First World War[]

In February 1909, the River Clyde was towed into Moreton Bay by the Falls of Orchy. The River Clyde had been carrying coal from Newcastle, N.S.W. to Manila. She was on her way back to Newcastle, when she run out of bunker coal after encountering adverse weather. She had been adrift for 25 hours, after first having used wood from her hold ceiling and bulkheads to fuel her boilers in an attempt to divert to Moreton Bay and recoal.^[5]

Gallipoli[]

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On 12 April 1915 River Clyde was purchased by the Admiralty to be adapted to a landing ship for the joint French and British invasion of the Gallipoli Peninsula. She retained her previous name.^[6]

Openings were cut in her steel hull as sally ports from which troops would emerge onto gangways and then to a bridge of smaller boats from the ship to the beach. Boiler plate and sandbags were mounted on her bow, and behind them a battery of 11 machine guns was installed. The machine gun battery was manned by Royal Naval Air Service men commanded by Josiah Wedgwood. Work began on painting River Clyde's hull sandy yellow as camouflage, but this was incomplete by the time of the landing.

By 11 April 1915 River Clyde was in the natural harbour of Moudros^[7] on the Aegean island of Lemnos, where French and British ships were assembling in final preparation for the landings. The troop ship HMT Aragon reached Moudros from the Port of Alexandria in Egypt and transferred the 4th Battalion, the Worcestershire Regiment and the 2nd Battalion, the Hampshire Regiment to River Clyde.^[7] Both Battalions were units of the 88th Brigade, which was part of the 29th Division.

On 25 April 1915 River Clyde sailed to take part in the landing at Cape Helles. She was commanded by Commander Edward Unwin, formerly of the Dryad-class torpedo gunboat HMS Hussar. She was carrying 2,000 soldiers; mostly from 86th Brigade units of the 29th Division: the 1st Battalion of the Royal Munster Fusiliers and men from the 1st Battalion, the Royal Dublin Fusiliers.^[8]

Unwin beached River Clyde at V Beach beneath the Sedd el Bahr castle, on the tip of the Gallipoli peninsula. The plan failed and the River Clyde, beached under the guns of the Turkish defenders, became a death trap. Three attempts to land made by companies of Munsters, Royal Dublins and Hampshires all ended in costly failure. Further landing attempts were abandoned and the surviving soldiers waited until nightfall before trying again.

Members of River Clyde's crew maintained the bridge from the ship to the beach and recovered the wounded. For their bravery six of them were decorated with Victoria Crosses: Commander Unwin (aged 51), Midshipmen George Drewry (20) and Wilfred Malleson (18), Able Seaman William Williams (34) and Seaman George Samson (26), plus Sub-Lieutenant Arthur Tisdall (24) of the Royal Naval Division (RND). Williams was killed in the landing and was decorated posthumously. Samson was severely wounded the next day but survived. On his return to Scotland he was handed a white feather while wearing civilian clothes.^[9] Tisdall was killed on 6 May when the 6th (Hood) Battalion RND advanced along Kanlı Dere in the Second Battle of Krithia. Drewry, Samson and Williams had come with Unwin from HMS Hussar. Malleson, who died in 1975, served on the Duncan-class battleship HMS Cornwallis.

• 

  Soldiers of the Australian 2nd Infantry Brigade disembarking at V Beach on 6 May 1915, for the Second Battle of Krithia. River Clyde is beached and serving as a quay. The light coloured patch on her starboard bow is part of her unfinished yellow camouflage.

• 

  The Base Camp, Cape Helles, Under Shell Fire, August 1915- the SS River Clyde is seen aground.

After the Helles beach-head was established, V Beach became the base for the French contingent and the River Clyde remained beached as a quay and breakwater. Her condensers provided fresh water and her holds became a field dressing station. She remained a constant target for Turkish gunners ashore.

Return to civilian service[]

In 1919, River Clyde was refloated by the Ocean Salvage Co. and taken to Malta.^[10] The British Government refused a proposal to purchase her to return to the UK for mooring in the River Thames as a monument to the landings because of the cost.^[11] Consequently, she was repaired at Malta and sold in February 1920 to civilian Spanish owners.^[6] She operated as a tramp steamer in the Mediterranean, first as Angela and then Maruja y Aurora.^[2][10] Maruja and Aurora were the names of the eldest child of each of the two partners in the company, Gumersindo Junquera Blanco and Vicente Figaredo Herrero.^[12]

She was seized by Spanish Nationalist forces at Santander in August 1937 and used by the Nationalist navy, during which time she captured the steamship Margarita.^[4] She made trips between Santander and Ferrol, and carried troops between Gijon and Bilbao.^[4] Returned to her former owners 18 months later, she resumed her previous commercial role, and she rescued three British airmen during World War II.^[4]

In 1965 there was an attempt to buy and preserve River Clyde but the British Government were unwilling to purchase her, and in 1966 she was sold for £42,000 for scrap and broken up at Avilés, Spain.^[10]

References[]

External links[]

Media related to River Clyde (ship, 1905) at Wikimedia Commons