STARD13

STARD13
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2H80, 2JW2, 2PSO
Identifiers
Aliases	STARD13, ARHGAP37, DLC2, GT650, LINC00464, StAR related lipid transfer domain containing 13
External IDs	OMIM: 609866 MGI: 2385331 HomoloGene: 64844 GeneCards: STARD13
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 13 (human)[1] Band 13q13.1-q13.2 Start 33,103,137 bp[1] End 33,350,630 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 5 (mouse)[2] Band 5|5 G3 Start 150,960,975 bp[2] End 151,157,301 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Top expressed in sural nerve tibial nerve stomach corpus callosum colon urinary bladder cervix More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function GO:0001948 protein binding lipid binding GO:0005097, GO:0005099, GO:0005100 GTPase activator activity Cellular component cytoplasm cytosol lipid droplet mitochondrial membrane mitochondrion membrane Biological process negative regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis GO:0032320, GO:0032321, GO:0032855, GO:0043089, GO:0032854 positive regulation of GTPase activity endothelial tube lumen extension regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction endothelial cell migration signal transduction Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	90627	243362
Ensembl	ENSG00000133121	ENSMUSG00000016128
UniProt	Q9Y3M8	Q923Q2
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001243466 NM_001243474 NM_001243476 NM_052851 NM_178006 NM_178007 NM_178008	NM_001163493 NM_146258 NM_001359985
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001230395 NP_001230403 NP_001230405 NP_443083 NP_821074 NP_821075	NP_001156965 NP_666370 NP_001346914
Location (UCSC)	Chr 13: 33.1 – 33.35 Mb	Chr 5: 150.96 – 151.16 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

StAR-related lipid transfer domain protein 13 (STARD13) also known as deleted in liver cancer 2 protein (DLC-2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STARD13 gene and a member of the DLC family of proteins.^[5][6]

Function and structure[]

STARD13 serves as a Rho GTPase-activating protein (GAP), a type of protein that regulates members of the Rho family of GTPases.^[7] It selectively activates RhoA and CDC42 and suppresses cell growth by inhibiting actin stress fiber assembly.^[7]

The protein consists of an N-terminal sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain,^[8] a serine-rich domain, a RhoGAP domain and at the C-terminus, a StAR-related lipid-transfer domain (START).

Tissue distribution and pathology[]

The protein was identified in part through its differential expression in cancers. A low level of STARD13 was observed in less differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma tissue with higher RhoA expression. A small patient study finds that the absence of STARD13 in hepatocellular carcinomas correlates with higher levels of RhoA and a poorer prognosis than patients with carcinomas that were STARD13-positive.^[9]

Model organisms[]

Model organisms have been used in the study of STARD13 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Stard13^{tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi[15][16]} was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists — at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.^[17][18][19]

Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion.^[13][20] Twenty four tests were carried out on mutant mice and two significant abnormalities were observed. Female homozygous mutants had an increased susceptibility to Citrobacter infection and displayed a decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin content.^[13]

Another study of mice lacking STARD13, found it may promote blood vessel formation (angiogenesis), especially by tumor cells.^[21] The promotion of angiogenesis with the loss of STARD13 occurs through the actions of RhoA.^[21]

References[]

Further reading[]