Saint Marinus

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For the saint who died in the 3rd century, see Marinus of Caesarea. For the saint sometimes known as Marinus the Monk, see Marina the Monk.
Saint Marinus
Pompeo batoni san marino risolleva la repubblica by stefano bolognini.JPG
Saint Marinus in a painting by Stefano Bolognini, 1740
Bornc. 275
Arba, Dalmatia, Roman Empire (modern-day Lopar, Croatia)
Died366 (traditional)
Monte Titano, Roman Italy (modern-day City of San Marino)
Venerated inRoman Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church[1]
Major shrineBasilica of Saint Marinus
FeastSeptember 3
AttributesDepicted as a bearded layman with a stonemason's hammer; also depicted as a young deacon with a hammer; depicted serving as a deacon to Saint Leo the Great or Gaudentius of Rimini; two oxen near him.
PatronageSan Marino

Saint Marinus (/məˈriːnəs/; Italian: San Marino) was the founder of a chapel and monastery in 301. From this initial community the state of San Marino later grew.

Life[]

Illustration of Saint Marinus working at the chapel-monastery

Tradition holds that he was a stonemason by trade who came from the island of Arba (today Rab), on the other side of the Adriatic Sea (in what is now part of modern-day Croatia, then part of the Roman Empire), fleeing persecution for his Christian beliefs in the Diocletianic Persecution. Still known only by the single name Marinus (lit. of the sea), he became a Deacon, and was ordained by Gaudentius, the Bishop of Rimini; later, he was recognised and accused by an insane woman of being her estranged husband, so he quickly fled to Monte Titano to build a chapel-monastery and live as a hermit.[2]

Another version of the story says that he began preaching to Christian slaves at Rimini, but soon became distracted from the evil of the world. Marinus decided to seclude himself on Mount Titano, living the life of a hermit in holy contemplation. As Marinus's reputation for his sanctity grew, others started to follow him there, until finally a lady from Rimini and the owner of Mount Titano decided to gift him the mountain.[3]

Painting of Saint Marinus descending from heaven surrounded by the people of San Marino, painting located within the Palazzo Pubblico.

Marinus was canonised as a saint, and later, the State of San Marino grew up from the centre created by the monastery.[2] His feast day/memorial day is 3 September, commemorating the day, in 301, when he founded what became known as San Marino, which is also the state's national holiday. He is venerated in the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox faiths.

According to legend, he died in the winter of 366 and his last words were: "Relinquo vos liberos ab utroque homine" ("I leave you free from both men"). This somewhat mysterious phrase is most likely to refer to the two "men" from whose oppressive power Saint Marinus had decided to separate himself, becoming a hermit on Mount Titano: respectively the Emperor and the Pope. This affirmation of freedom (first and foremost fiscal franchise) from both the Empire and the Papal States, however legendary, has always been the inspiration of the tiny republic.[4]

Sources[]

The earliest manuscripts mentioning Saint Marinus and his life date to the 10th century.[5] Another principal source of the events of Marinus's life were compiled in the Acta Sanctorum.[4]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Orthodox Europe :: San Marino". orthodoxengland.org.uk. Retrieved 2021-08-01.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b Radovan Radovinovič, The Croatian Adriatic Tourist Guide, pg. 127, Zagreb (1999), ISBN 953-178-097-8
  3. ^ Hamilton, J. Arnott. "The republic of san marino." The Scottish Geographical Magazine 39.4 (1923): 244-245.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b "The Republic of San Marino", William Miller, The American Historical Review, Vol. 6, No. 4 (July 1901), pages 633–649. Link to journal. Link to copy of paper.
  5. ^ Edwards, Adrian, and Chris Michaelides. San Marino. Vol. 188. Abc-Clio Incorporated, 1996, 19.

External links[]

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