Samuel Kende

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Samuel Kende (1858–1928) was a Jewish art dealer, antiquarian and auctioneer whose auction house, , in Vienna, was "Aryanized" after the Nazi annexation of Austria.

Life[]

Peter Fendi's Mother with Child under the Crucifix, 1899, in the Samuel Kende collection[1]

Samuel Kende was born in Klausenburg, Austrian Empire in 1858.

He had come to Vienna from Transylvania. In 1888 he founded an antiquarian bookshop with his brother, , selling theological, archaeological and art literary works. From 1895 auctions took place. Albert Kende started his own business as an auctioneer in the 1890s.

The art antiquarian and auction house "S. Kende" was registered in 1918 as a sole proprietorship based in Vienna I, Weihburggasse 18, in the commercial register of the Commercial Court of Vienna, later as an open trading company (OHG). Kende dealt with copperplate engravings, lithographs, oil paintings and watercolors. From 1920 the company's headquarters were at Rotenturmstrasse 14, where it expanded its range to include furniture, carpets, jewelry, gold and silver goods.[2] He carried out numerous art deals, including so-called house auctions, in which entire apartment inventories were auctioned on the spot, just as they were organized by the Dorotheum, and counted well-known domestic and foreign collectors among his customers. After his death, his widow Melanie (born 1872) and the youngest son, (born 1908) continued to run the auction house. 31 house auctions are documented for the years 1930 to 1938. In 1930 they organized a commemorative exhibition for Rudolf von Alt, for which collectors made loans available. In 1937 the company had sales of around 487,000 schillings.[3]

Nazi Anschluss, Aryanisation, Flight[]

After Austria was "annexed" to the German Reich, in 1938 Jews like Kende were prohibited from running a business.[4][5][6] Kende's auction house was Aryanized, that is transferred to non-Jews. The S. Kende company was initially managed on a "temporary basis" by , the owner of an antiques, miniature and painting shop in Vienna, and then by , according to the files, as the "political leader of the NSDAP". From mid-May 1938, the Munich art dealer Adolf Weinmüller sought to "Aryanization" the S. Kende company at the Reichstatthalterei (Austrian provincial government), succeeding to gain control on 19 November 1938 "despite protests from Viennese auction houses and art dealers". took the place of S. Kende running the auction house until 1944.[7]

Melanie Kende and her son Herbert were able to flee to the United States and founded the art trade "" in New York. In 1947 they applied to the for restitution of their company. This was granted in 1948 and the auction house was renamed "S. Kende". It lasted until the 1950s. But they did not return to Vienna.

Death of Albert Kende in Nazi concentration camp[]

Albert Kende died on 3 December 1942 at the age of 70 in the Theresienstadt concentration camp.[8]

The Weinmüller catalogs[]

Lostart.de published the annotated catalogues of the Nazi-era auction house Adolf Weinmüller were released online on 27 May 2014. These included 33 auctions that took place in Munich between 1936 and 1943, as well as 11 of the 18 auctions that took place in Vienna between 1938 and 1944.[9]

Literature[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Mutter mit Kind unter dem Kruzifix". sammlung.belvedere.at (in German). Belvedere. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021. Inventarnummer 4023 Standort Derzeit nicht in der Schausammlung Provenienz 1899 Samuel Kende, Wien. – 1931 Leo und Lilli Oppenheimer, Wien (?). – 1934 Teppner, Wien. – 1934 Albert Kende, Wien
  2. ^ Hupfer, Georg. "Zur Geschichte des antiquarischen Buchhandels in Wien" (PDF). p. 166-167. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 May 2016.
  3. ^ "„... ein schwerreicher Kunsthändler aus München" Die „Arisierung" des Kunstantiquariats und Auktionshauses S. Kende in Wien durch Adolph Weinmüller1" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 July 2020. Das Tauziehen um die „Arisierung" des Auktionshauses durch Adolph Weinmüller Nach dem „Anschluss" wurde die Firma S. Kende zunächst von Blasius Fornach, dem Inhaber einer Antiquitäten-, Miniaturen- und Gemäldehandlung in Wien 1., Krugerstraße 18, „kommissarisch" verwaltet, von 29. Juli bis 19. November 1938 dann von Arthur Raimund Morghen, der in den Akten als „Politischer Leiter der NSDAP" aufscheint. Bereits Mitte Mai 1938 bewarb sich der Münchner Kunsthändler und Auktionator Adolph Weinmüller bei der Reichsstatthalterei (Österreichische Landesregierung) um die „Arisierung" der Firma, wobei sein Ansinnen auch von Morghen befürwortet wurde.
  4. ^ NS-Provenienzforschung an österreichischen Bibliotheken : Anspruch und Wirklichkeit. Bruno Bauer (1., neue Ausg ed.). Satteins: Neugebauer, W. 2011. ISBN 978-3-85376-290-5. OCLC 760143375.CS1 maint: others (link)
  5. ^ Mentzel, Walter. "Wiener NS-Antiquariate und ihre Rolle im Bücherraub. Oder: Wie Antiquariate von der Judenverfolgung profitierten. Ein Forschungsbericht1" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 November 2016.
  6. ^ ANDERL, Gabriele. "„Euer armer, unglücklicher, vollständig gebrochener alter Albert Kende"". Archived from the original on 4 August 2020.
  7. ^ "Lost Art Internet Database - Beteiligte Privatpersonen und Körperschaften am NS-Kulturgutraub - Weinmüller, Adolf". www.lostart.de. Retrieved 16 May 2021. 1886–1958; Kunsthändler u. Auktionator, München, Kunsthandlung "Haus für Alte und Neue Kunst ", Max-Joseph-Str. 7, 1936-43 daneben "Münchener Kunstversteigerungshaus Adolf Weinmüller", Odeonsplatz 4, 1936-39 Geschäftsführer Dr. Ernst Michael Wengenmayr (1888–1963), ab 1939 Eberhard Arnold v. Cranach-Sichart (1886–1967), 1938 "Arisierung" des Auktionshauses "S. Kende", Wien, Rotenturmstr. 14, gegr. von Samuel Kende (1858–1928), darin wird sein "Wiener Kunstversteigerungshaus Adolf Weinmüller" bis 1944 fortgeführt; wirkte auf die "Arisierung" des Auktionshauses Hugo Helbing ein und profitierte davon, Geschäftspartner von Bornheim, verkaufte viele von der <Dienststelle Mühlmann> in den Niederlanden beschlagnahmte Kunstwerke, Monopolstellung im Münchner Auktionswesen während der Zeit der nationsozialistischen Regierung. Lit.: Meike Hopp, Kunsthandel im Nationalsozialismus: Adolf Weinmüller in München und Wien (= Veröffentlichungen des Zentralinstituts für Kunstgeschichte 30), Köln 2012; Qu.: ALIU, Final Report, 81
  8. ^ "Kende, Albert | Lexikon der österreichischen Provenienzforschung". www.lexikon-provenienzforschung.org. Archived from the original on 28 March 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2021. 20.2.1872 Klausenburg, Siebenbürgen – 3.12.1942 Ghetto Theresienstadt / Terezín
  9. ^ "Annotated Auction Catalogues of Adolf Weinmüller (Munich/ Vienna) on Lostart.de". www.lootedart.com. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
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