Huandou (驩兜; Huāndōu; 'happy helmet', a.k.a. 驩頭, 讙頭; Huāntóu; 'happy head'[3]), a chimeric minister and/or nation from the south who conspired with Gonggong against Emperor Yao[4]
Gun (鯀; Gǔn; 'big fish'),[a][7] father of Yu the Great whose poorly-built dam released a destructive flood;
Sanmiao (三苗; Sān Miáo; 'Three Miao'), the tribes that attacked Yao the Great's tribe.
Zuo Zhuan, Shanhaijing, and Shenyijing[]
In Zuo Zhuan,[8][9]Shanhaijing, and Shenyijing, the Four Perils (Hanzi: 四凶; pinyin: Sì Xiōng) are defined as:
the Hundun (渾敦, 渾沌; Hùndùn; 'chaotic torrent'[b]), a yellow winged creature of chaos with six legs and no face;[10][11]
the Qiongqi (窮奇; Qióngqí; 'distressingly strange, thoroughly odd'), a monstrous creature that eats people,[12][13] considered the same in Japan as Kamaitachi;
the Taowu (檮杌; Táowù; 'blockhead stump'), a reckless, stubborn creature;[14]
the Taotie (饕餮; Tāotiè; 'greedy glutton'), a gluttonous beast.[15]
^According to Schuessler (2009), 鯀 (standard Chinesegǔn < Old Chinese *kwə̂nʔ) is the same word as 鮌 (gǔn < OC *kwə̂nʔ) and 鯤 (kūn < OC *kûn), the latter being a mythical giant fish mentioned in Zhuangzi.[5][6]
^Schuessler, Axel. (2009) Minimal Old Chinese and Later Han Chinese. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i. p. 317, 333-4
^Zhuangzi, "Enjoyment in Untroubled Ease" quote: "北冥有魚，其名為鯤。鯤之大，不知其幾千里也。" translation: "In the Northern Ocean there is a fish, the name of which is Kun - I do not know how many li in size."