Scaphander

Scaphander
	Three preserved specimens of Scaphander lignarius, from left to right, the anterior, anterior, and posterior ends are at the top of the image
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Heterobranchia
Infraclass:	Euthyneura
Superfamily:	Philinoidea
Family:	Scaphandridae
Genus:	Scaphander; Linnaeus, 1758
Type species
	Bulla lignaria Linnaeus, 1758;
Synonyms
	Assula Schumacher, 1817; Bucconia Dall, 1890; Bullocardia F. Nordsieck, 1972; Eoscaphander Habe, 1952; Nipponoscaphander Kuroda & Habe, in Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971; Tricla Philippson, 1788 (Invalid: Placed on the Official Index by ICZN Opinion 287); Assula Schumacher, 1817; Bucconia Dall, 1890; Bullocardia F. Nordsieck, 1972; Eoscaphander Habe, 1952; Nipponoscaphander Kuroda & Habe, in Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971; Tricla Philippson, 1788 (Invalid: Placed on the Official Index by ICZN Opinion 287);

Scaphander is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Scaphandridae, the canoe bubbles.^[1]

Species[]

Species within the genus Scaphander include:

† Clark 1932 ^[2]
E. A. Smith, 1894
Schepman, 1913
Dall, 1881
† Philippi 1887 ^[3]
E. von Martens, 1902
E. A. Smith, 1904
Dall, 1889
Marcus & Marcus, 1967
† (Sacco, 1896)
A. Adams, 1862
† ^{[citation needed]}
^{[citation needed]}
^{[citation needed]}
A. Adams, 1862
† (Hutton, 1873)
† Marwick, 1965
^{[citation needed]}
Watson, 1886
(Minichev, 1967)
^{[citation needed]}
^{[citation needed]}
Iredale, 1925
(Bouchet, 1975)
Hickman 1980 ^[4]
Dall, 1889 ^[5]
Adams, 1862
† Martin 1879 ^[6]
† (Conrad, 1855) ^[7]
† Laws, 1939
Thiele, 1925
^{[citation needed]}
Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1767)
(Linnaeus, 1758) - wood-grained canoe bubble
† Marwick, 1931
Siegwald, Pastorino, Oskars & Malaquias, 2020
† Dell, 1952
Watson, 1883 ^[8]
† Woodring 1928 ^[9]
Verrill, 1884
† Sacco 1897 ^[10]
Scaphander otagoensis Dell, 1956
^{[citation needed]}
Dall, 1908
† Cossmann and Pissarro 1913 ^[11]
^{[citation needed]}
(Mighels & C. B. Adams, 1842) - giant canoe-bubble
^{[citation needed]}
† Abbass 1967 ^[12]
† Wade 1926 ^[13]
† Philippi 1887 ^[14]
Okutani, 1966
† Laws, 1933
Schepman, 1913
† Durham 1944 ^[15]
Schepman, 1913
A. Adams, 1862
(Habe, 1981)
† (Grateloup, 1837)
(Habe, 1954)
† Dell, 1952
E. A. Smith, 1906
† Tegland 1933 ^[16]
† Dall, 1881
Dall, 1919

Species brought into synonymy

Scaphander alatus''Dall, 1895: synonym of Scaphander mundus Watson, 1883
Scaphander brownii Leach, 1852: synonym of Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
Scaphander cumingii A. Adams, 1862: synonym of (A. Adams, 1862) (original combination)
Scaphander cylindrellus Dall, 1908: synonym of (Dall, 1908) (original combination)
Scaphander fragilis (Habe, 1952): synonym of Habe, 1952
Scaphander gibbulus Jeffreys, 1856: synonym of Weinkauffia gibbula (Jeffreys, 1856): synonym of (Forbes, 1844) (original combination)
Scaphander giganteus Risso, 1826: synonym of Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
Scaphander librarius Lovén, 1846: synonym of Scaphander punctostriatus (Mighels & C. B. Adams, 1842)
Scaphander loisae Bullis, 1956: synonym of Scaphander bathymophilus (Dall, 1881)
Scaphander mulitstriata Brazier, 1877: synonym of Scaphander multistriatus Brazier, 1877: synonym of A. Adams, 1862 (incorrect gender of species epithet)
Scaphander multistriatus Brazier, 1877: synonym of Scaphander japonicus A. Adams, 1862
Scaphander niveus R. B. Watson, 1883: synonym of (R. B. Watson, 1883) (original combination)
Scaphander pilsbryi McGinty, 1955: synonym of Marcus & Marcus, 1967
Scaphander pustulosus Dall, 1895: synonym of Dall, 1895 (original combination)
Scaphander sibogae (Schepman, 1913): synonym of Scaphander attenuatus Schepman, 1913 (invalid: junior secondary homonym of Scaphander sibogae Schepman, 1913)
Scaphander stigmatica Dall, 1927: synonym of Scaphander nobilis Verrill, 1884
Scaphander subglobosa Schepman, 1913: synonym of Scaphander subglobosus Schepman, 1913 (original spelling; incorrect gender agreement of specific epithet)
Scaphander targionius Risso, 1826: synonym of Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758)

References[]

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b WoRMS : Scaphander accessed : 13 October 2010]
^ B. L. Clark. 1932. Fauna of the Poul and Yakataga Formations (Upper Oligocene) of Southern Alaska. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 43:797-846
^ D. Frassinetti. 2001. Molluscos bivalvos y gastrópodos del Mioceno marino de Isla Stokes, sur de Chile. Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile 50:73-90
^ C. S. Hickman. 1980. Paleogene Marine Gastropods of the Keasey Formation in Oregon. Bulletins of American Paleontology 78(310):1-112
^ S. N. Nielson and C. Valdovinos. 2008. Early Pleistocene mollusks of the Tubul Formation, south-central Chile. The Nautilus 122(4):201-216
^ K. Martin. 1879. Die Tertiärschichten auf Java. Nach den Entdeckungen von Fr. Junghuhn. Geologische-Reichsmuseum 1-164
^ T. A. Conrad. 1855. Report Of Mr. T. A. Conrad On The Fossil Shells Collected In California By Wm. P. Blake, Geologist Of The Expedition Under The Command Of Lieutenant R. S. Williamson, United States Topographical Engineers. Description of the fossils and shells collected in California by William P. Blake, Geologist of the United States Pacific Railroad Survey in California. under the command of Lieut. R. S. Williamson, In 1853-54. Article 1 of Appendix to the Preliminary Geological Report of WIlliam P. Blake, Geologist of the Survey in California Under the Command of Lieut. R. S. Williamson. Palæontology 5-21
^ P. Bouchet, Opisthobranches de profondeur de l'Océan Atlantique: I - Cephalaspidea
^ W. P. Woodring. 1928. Miocene Molluscs from Bowden, Jamaica. Part 2: Gastropods and discussion of results. Contributions to the Geology and Palaeontology of the West Indies
^ M. Harzhauser, M. Euter, W. E. Piller, B. Berning, A. Kroh and O. Mandic. 2009. Oligocene and Early Miocene gastropods from Kutch (NW India) document an early biogeographic switch from Western Tethys to Indo-Pacific. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 83:333-372
^ P. Jeffery and S. Tracey. 1997. The Early Eocene London Clay Formation mollusc fauna of the former Bursledon Brickworks, Lower Swanwick, Hampshire. Tertiary Research 17(3-4):75-137
^ H. L. Abbass. 1967. A monograph on the Egyptian Paleocene and Eocene gastropods. United Arab Republic, Geological Survey-Geological Museum, Palaeontological Series, Monograph (4)1-154
^ N. F. Sohl. 1964. Neogastropoda, Opisthobranchia, and Basommatophora from the Ripley, Owl Creek, and Prairie Bluff Formations. US Geological Survey Professional Paper 331(B):153-344
^ D. Frassinetti. 2001. Molluscos bivalvos y gastrópodos del Mioceno marino de Isla Stokes, sur de Chile. Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile 50:73-90
^ J. W. Durham. 1944. Megafaunal zones of the Oligocene of northwestern Washington. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 27:101 -212
^ J. W. Durham. 1944. Megafaunal zones of the Oligocene of northwestern Washington. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 27:101 -212

ZipCodeZoo
Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1

External links[]

Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California; United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[WoRMS-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b WoRMS : Scaphander accessed : 13 October 2010]

[2] B. L. Clark. 1932. Fauna of the Poul and Yakataga Formations (Upper Oligocene) of Southern Alaska. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 43:797-846

[3] D. Frassinetti. 2001. Molluscos bivalvos y gastrópodos del Mioceno marino de Isla Stokes, sur de Chile. Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile 50:73-90

[4] C. S. Hickman. 1980. Paleogene Marine Gastropods of the Keasey Formation in Oregon. Bulletins of American Paleontology 78(310):1-112

[5] S. N. Nielson and C. Valdovinos. 2008. Early Pleistocene mollusks of the Tubul Formation, south-central Chile. The Nautilus 122(4):201-216

[6] K. Martin. 1879. Die Tertiärschichten auf Java. Nach den Entdeckungen von Fr. Junghuhn. Geologische-Reichsmuseum 1-164

[7] T. A. Conrad. 1855. Report Of Mr. T. A. Conrad On The Fossil Shells Collected In California By Wm. P. Blake, Geologist Of The Expedition Under The Command Of Lieutenant R. S. Williamson, United States Topographical Engineers. Description of the fossils and shells collected in California by William P. Blake, Geologist of the United States Pacific Railroad Survey in California. under the command of Lieut. R. S. Williamson, In 1853-54. Article 1 of Appendix to the Preliminary Geological Report of WIlliam P. Blake, Geologist of the Survey in California Under the Command of Lieut. R. S. Williamson. Palæontology 5-21

[8] P. Bouchet, Opisthobranches de profondeur de l'Océan Atlantique: I - Cephalaspidea

[9] W. P. Woodring. 1928. Miocene Molluscs from Bowden, Jamaica. Part 2: Gastropods and discussion of results. Contributions to the Geology and Palaeontology of the West Indies

[10] M. Harzhauser, M. Euter, W. E. Piller, B. Berning, A. Kroh and O. Mandic. 2009. Oligocene and Early Miocene gastropods from Kutch (NW India) document an early biogeographic switch from Western Tethys to Indo-Pacific. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 83:333-372

[11] P. Jeffery and S. Tracey. 1997. The Early Eocene London Clay Formation mollusc fauna of the former Bursledon Brickworks, Lower Swanwick, Hampshire. Tertiary Research 17(3-4):75-137

[12] H. L. Abbass. 1967. A monograph on the Egyptian Paleocene and Eocene gastropods. United Arab Republic, Geological Survey-Geological Museum, Palaeontological Series, Monograph (4)1-154

[13] N. F. Sohl. 1964. Neogastropoda, Opisthobranchia, and Basommatophora from the Ripley, Owl Creek, and Prairie Bluff Formations. US Geological Survey Professional Paper 331(B):153-344

[14] D. Frassinetti. 2001. Molluscos bivalvos y gastrópodos del Mioceno marino de Isla Stokes, sur de Chile. Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile 50:73-90

[15] J. W. Durham. 1944. Megafaunal zones of the Oligocene of northwestern Washington. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 27:101 -212

[16] J. W. Durham. 1944. Megafaunal zones of the Oligocene of northwestern Washington. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 27:101 -212

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Scaphander

Three preserved specimens of Scaphander lignarius, from left to right, the anterior, anterior, and posterior ends are at the top of the image
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Heterobranchia
Infraclass:	Euthyneura
Superfamily:	Philinoidea
Family:	Scaphandridae
Genus:	Scaphander Linnaeus, 1758
Type species
Bulla lignaria Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms^[1]
Assula Schumacher, 1817 Bucconia Dall, 1890 Bullocardia F. Nordsieck, 1972 Eoscaphander Habe, 1952 Nipponoscaphander Kuroda & Habe, in Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971 Tricla Philippson, 1788 (Invalid: Placed on the Official Index by ICZN Opinion 287) Assula Schumacher, 1817 Bucconia Dall, 1890 Bullocardia F. Nordsieck, 1972 Eoscaphander Habe, 1952 Nipponoscaphander Kuroda & Habe, in Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971 Tricla Philippson, 1788 (Invalid: Placed on the Official Index by ICZN Opinion 287)