Schout-bij-nacht

*Schout-bij-nacht*
Schout-bij-nacht;
	Sleeve insignia
Country	Netherlands
Service branch	Royal Netherlands Navy
Rank group	Flag officer
NATO rank code	OF-7
Formation	15th century
Next higher rank	Vice admiral
Next lower rank	Commander
Equivalent ranks	Major general

Schout-bij-nacht (pronounced [ˈsxʌu̯d bɛi̯ ˈnɑxt]) is a Dutch Naval rank, with a NATO rank of OF-7. The rank of schout-bij-nacht originated between the 15th and 16th century. Interpreted as "watch-at-night", the schout-bij-nacht was the officer who supervised the ship when the captain was asleep.

In later times the schout-bij-nacht was also the officer who supervised an entire naval squadron, in the absence of a senior admiral, and by the 17th century schout-bij-nacht was the common rank held by the naval commander of a battle fleet's rear squadron.

Denmark-Norway[]

In the Dano-Norwegian navy, the rank of Schout by Nacht was codified on 11 February 1693, by King Christian V. In the second publication of the Danish order of precedence, the rank of Schout by Nacht was placed below vice admirals (Danish: Vice-Admiral), and above Commander-captains (Danish: Commandeur-Capitainer til Søes).^[1] In 1771, the ranks was replaced with Counter admiral.^[2]

Netherlands[]

It is the second most junior admiral position of the Dutch Navy, ranking above commandeur ("commodore") and below a vice-admiraal ("vice admiral").

Russia[]

In the Imperial Russian Navy the rank of Schout-bij-nacht (Russian: шаутбенахт, romanized: shautbenakht) was kept until 1732, when the rank was replaced with counter admiral (Russian: контр-адмирал, romanized: kontr-admiral).

Sweden[]

References[]

^ "Rangforordningen, 11. februar 1693". danmarkshistorien.dk (in Danish). Aarhus University. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
^ C. B-h. (1926). "Schoutbynacht". In Blangstrup, Christian (ed.). Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon (in Danish) (2nd ed.). Copenhagen: A/S J. H. Schultz Forlagsboghandel. p. 56. Retrieved 20 March 2022.

"Schoutbynacht" in Svenska Akademiens Ordbok, col. S1417 (1965). (Historical usage in Swedish)
"Schoutbynacht", in Nordisk familjebok, vol. 24 (1916) (Swedish navy)

[1] "Rangforordningen, 11. februar 1693". danmarkshistorien.dk (in Danish). Aarhus University. Retrieved 20 March 2022.

[2] C. B-h. (1926). "Schoutbynacht". In Blangstrup, Christian (ed.). Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon (in Danish) (2nd ed.). Copenhagen: A/S J. H. Schultz Forlagsboghandel. p. 56. Retrieved 20 March 2022.

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