Science and technology in Canada

The Canadian-built Space Shuttle robotic arm (left), referred to as Canadarm, transferred the P5 truss segment over to the Canadian-built space station robotic arm, referred to as Canadarm2

Science and technology in Canada consists of three distinct but closely related phenomena:

the diffusion of technology in Canada
scientific research in Canada
innovation, invention and industrial research in Canada

In 2018, Canada spent approximately C$34.5 billion on domestic research and development, of which around $2 billion was spent directly by the federal government in-house and an additional $5.7 billion was provided by provincial and federal sources in the form of grants.^[1] This investment corresponds to about 1.57% of Canada's gross domestic product, a decline from 1.72% in 2014.^[2]

Canada was ranked 17th in the Global Innovation Index in 2019 and 2020.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

The diffusion of technology in Canada[]

Scientific research in Canada[]

Innovation, invention, and industrial research in Canada[]

Technological and industrial history of Canada[]

References[]

^ Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics (December 22, 2018). "The Daily – Spending on research and development, 2018 intentions". statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
^ Schneegans, S.; Straza, T.; Lewis, J., eds. (11 June 2021). UNESCO Science Report: the Race Against Time for Smarter Development. Paris: UNESCO. ISBN 978-92-3-100450-6.
^ "Release of the Global Innovation Index 2020: Who Will Finance Innovation?". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2021-09-02.
^ "Global Innovation Index 2019". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2021-09-02.
^ "RTD - Item". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2021-09-02.
^ "Global Innovation Index". INSEAD Knowledge. 2013-10-28. Retrieved 2021-09-02.

External links[]

Science and Technology for Canadians - Government of Canada
Canada Science and Technology Museum - Government of Canada
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research: Science
Canadian Encyclopedia: Science

[1] Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics (December 22, 2018). "The Daily – Spending on research and development, 2018 intentions". statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved September 19, 2019.

[UNESCO_Science_Report_2021-2] Schneegans, S.; Straza, T.; Lewis, J., eds. (11 June 2021). UNESCO Science Report: the Race Against Time for Smarter Development. Paris: UNESCO. ISBN 978-92-3-100450-6.

[3] "Release of the Global Innovation Index 2020: Who Will Finance Innovation?". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2021-09-02.

[4] "Global Innovation Index 2019". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2021-09-02.

[5] "RTD - Item". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2021-09-02.

[6] "Global Innovation Index". INSEAD Knowledge. 2013-10-28. Retrieved 2021-09-02.

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