Seán Ó hEinirí
Seán Ó hEinirí John Henry | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 26 March 1915 |
| Died | 26 July 1998 (aged 83) |
| Nationality | British citizenship (1915-22) / Irish citizenship (1922-98) |
| Occupation | Fisherman |
| Known for | Traditional folklorist; Being the last known monolingual Irish speaker |
Seán Ó hEinirí (Seán Ó hInnéirghe, 26 March 1915 – 26 July 1998), known in English as John Henry, was an Irish seanchaí and a native of Cill Ghallagáin, County Mayo. He is known for his storytelling. He may have been the last monolingual speaker of the Irish language.
Early life[]
Ó hEinirí was born in Cill Ghallagáin (Kilgalligan), County Mayo, to Michael Henry and Mary (Connolly).[1] He was from an early age determined to collect as many ancient legends and traditional stories as he could.[2] He was a currach-using fisherman, and a skilled rower.[3]
Contributions to the Irish language[]
He became known as a talented seanchaí, and the folklorist Proinnsias de Búrca (1904–1996) collected from him in the days of the Irish Folklore Commission (1935–1971). In later years, he was recorded by of the Department of Irish Folklore from 1975 for more than ten summers. A great deal of this work was published in "Scéalta Chois Cladaigh" ("Stories of Sea and Shore") in 1983 by the Folklore of Ireland Council (Comhairle Bhéaloideas Éireann).[4]
Ó hEinirí also provided a large number of words and expressions to the lexicographer Tomás de Bhaldraithe, who incorporated these into his influential English-Irish Dictionary, published in 1959.[3] In addition to this, he gave over 800 minor place-names to Patrick O'Flanagan of the Folklore Commission for the 1974 book The Living Landscape, Kilgalligan, Erris.
TV appearances[]
Ó hEinirí was filmed for the 6-part BBC documentary In Search of the Trojan War, which was broadcast in 1985. According to the documentary, he was illiterate.[3] He also featured on a Morning Ireland report broadcast on 25 July that year.[5]
In 1986 Ó hEinirí featured in Episode 8 of the Emmy-award winning series The Story of English, also produced by the BBC, which discussed the Irish influence on the English Language.
Linguistic significance[]
It was estimated by Whitley Stokes that there were around 800,000 monolingual Irish speakers in 1800, which had declined to about 320,000 by the end of the famine, and to less than 17,000 by 1911.[6] Monolingual speakers remained in the 1950s, but by the 1980s and 1990s they had all but disappeared. Ó hEinirí was almost certainly the last monolingual speaker of the Irish language.[citation needed]
Later life and death[]
He remained in the village of Cill Ghallagáin, where he was known as a seanfhondúir ('old-timer, original inhabitant'). He died on 26 July 1998 and was survived by his wife, Máire (who died in 2001). He is buried in Kilgalligan Cemetery.[7]
References[]
- ^ "Irish Genealogy". civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie.
- ^ Interview from the 1985 BBC documentary In Search of the Trojan War
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Ó Catháin, Séamas (24 April 1998). "Seán Ó hEinirí (1915–1998)". Béaloideas. 66: 235–237. JSTOR 20522503.
- ^ "Seanchaí, Seán Ó hEinirí (John Henry) (70), Kilgalligan, Erris, Co. Mayo". Digital.ucd.ie. Retrieved 2017-04-24.
- ^ "Arts and Culture - Irish Storytelling Project". Rte.ie. Retrieved 2017-04-24.
- ^ Watson, Iarfhlaith; Nic Ghiolla Phádraig, Máire (September 2009). "Is there an educational advantage to speaking Irish? An investigation of the relationship between education and ability to speak Irish". International Journal of the Sociology of Language. Retrieved 2017-04-24 – via Digital.ucd.ie.
- ^ "Indexed Photos of Headstones in Kilgalligan Cemetery, Kilcommon, Co. Mayo, Ireland". Goldenlangan.com. Retrieved 2017-04-24.
- 1915 births
- 1998 deaths
- People from County Mayo
- Irish language
- History of the Irish language
- Irish culture
- Monolingualism