Setaria

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the grass genus. For the roundworm genus, see Setaria (roundworm). For the lichen genus, see Bryoria.

Foxtail
Starr 040713-0118 Setaria parviflora.jpg
Setaria parviflora in Hawai'i
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Panicoideae
Supertribe: Panicodae
Tribe: Paniceae
Subtribe:
Genus: Setaria
P.Beauv. 1812, conserved name not Ach. ex Michx. 1803 (a lichen)[1][2]
Type species
Setaria viridis
(L.) P.Beauv.[3]
Synonyms[4]
  • Acrochaete Peter
  • Chaetochloa Scribn.
  • Cymbosetaria Schweick.
  • Camusiella Bosser
  • Tansaniochloa Rauschert
caption=Setaria distantiflora (A.Rich.) Pilg., herbarium sheet
Setaria sp. inflorescence.jpg

Setaria is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family.[5][6]

The name is derived from the Latin word seta, meaning "bristle" or "hair", which refers to the bristly spikelets.[7]

The genus includes over 100 species distributed in many tropical and temperate regions around the world,[8] and members are commonly known as foxtail or bristle grasses.[2][9][10][11][12][13]

Domesticated crops[]

Several species of Setaria have been domesticated and used as staple crops throughout history: foxtail millet (S. italica), korali (S. pumila) in India, and, before the full domestication of maize, in Mexico.[14] Several species are still cultivated today as food or as animal fodder, such as foxtail millet (S. italica) and korali (S. pumila), while others are considered invasive weeds.[15] Setaria viridis is currently being developed as a genetic model system for bioenergy grasses.

Other species that have been cultivated as crops include Setaria palmifolia (highland pitpit) of Papua New Guinea, where it is cultivated as a green vegetable; Setaria parviflora (knot-root foxtail), historically cultivated in Mesoamerica; and Setaria sphacelata (African bristle grass) of Sudan, a "lost millet" of Nubia.[16]

Species[]

Species[17][4][18][19]
  • Pensiero & A.M.Anton
  • (Scribn. & Merr.) K.Schum.
  • (Hack.) Stapf
  • Rominger
  • Hack. ex Engl.
  • – scrub pigeon grass
  • Setaria barbata (Lam.) Kunth – bristly foxtail grass, corn grass, Mary grass
  • R.A.W.Herrm.
  • A.Camus
  • Setaria cernua Kunth
  • (Steud.) Honda
  • T. Koyama
  • (Ridl.) Veldkamp
  • R.A.W.Herrm.
  • (Elliott) Schult.
  • Setaria dielsii R.A.W.Herrm.
  • (Domin) R.D. Webster
  • Setaria faberi R.A.W.Herrm. – giant foxtail, Chinese foxtail
  • R.A.W.Herrm.
  • Launert
  • (Nees ex Steud.) Hook.f.
  • (Steud.) Griseb.
  • Hook.f.
  • Stapf
  • E.Fourn.
  • S.L.Chen & G.Y.Sheng
  • Hack.
  • (Steud.) Chiov.
  • A.Camus
  • Anton
  • (Hochst.) Hack. – Vlei bristlegrass
  • Roem. & Schult.
  • Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv. – foxtail millet, dwarf setaria, Italian millet
  • Morat
  • Mez
  • (Nees) Kunth
  • (Scribn.) R.A.W.Herrm.
  • Setaria leucopila (Scribn. & Merr.) K.Schum. – plains bristle grass, streambed bristle grass
  • E.Fourn.
  • (Nees) Stapf
  • E.Fourn.
  • P.Beauv.
  • (Scribn. & Merr.) K.Schum.
  • Kunth
  • A.Camus
  • Griseb. – giant bristle grass
  • Setaria megaphylla (Steud.) T.Durand & Schinz – broad-leaved bristle grass, ribbon bristle grass
  • Phil.
  • C.E.Hubb.
  • Reeder
  • (Spreng.) Müll. Stuttg.
  • Pensiero
  • (Nees) T.Durand & Schinz – black-seed bristle grass
  • (Griseb.) Parodi
  • de Wit
  • R.A.W.Herrm.
  • K.Schum. ex R.A.W.Herrm.
  • Henrard
  • Setaria palmifolia (J.Koenig) Stapf – palm grass, highland pitpit
  • Parodi ex Nicora
  • Pensiero
  • Nicora
  • Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen – knotroot bristle grass, slender pigeon grass
  • Vickery
  • Linden ex Herrm.
  • (Morong) Lindm.
  • A.Camus
  • Stapf & C.E.Hubb.
  • Pensiero
  • – grama negra, gramalote sacha
  • (Peter) Pilg.
  • Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. – yellow foxtail
  • Domin
  • (Franch.) Stapf
  • Stapf
  • Jansen
  • (Nicora)
  • (A.Rich.) Walp.
  • (Nees) Kunth
  • Schrad.
  • (Steud.) Hitchc. – southwestern bristle grass
  • (Hack.) A.Camus
  • Stapf
  • (Sw.) P.Beauv.
  • Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb. – African bristle grass, South African pigeon grass
  • Boldrini
  • Luces
  • Raddi
  • Stapf
  • Schrad.
  • (Rich.) Desv.
  • Emery
  • Spreng.
  • K.Schum.
  • Setaria verticillata (L.) P.Beauv. – bristly foxtail
  • (Scribn. & Merr.) K.Schum.
  • Setaria viridis (L.) P.Beauv. – green foxtail
  • Setaria vulpiseta (Lam.) Roem. & Schult. – plains bristle grass
  • Rendle
  • Keng f. & K.D.Yu
formerly included[4]

Numerous species were once considered members of Setaria but have since been reassigned to the following genera: Brachiaria, Dissochondrus, Echinochloa, Holcolemma, Ixophorus, Oplismenus, Panicum, Paspalidium, Pennisetum, Pseudoraphis, Setariopsis, and Urochloa

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Tropicos, Setaria Ach. ex Michx.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b "Genus: Setaria P. Beauv". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
  3. ^ lectotype designated by Hitchcock, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22(3): 156 (1920)
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  5. ^ Palisot de Beauvois, Ambroise Marie François Joseph. 1812. Essai d'une Nouvelle Agrostographie page 51 in Latin
  6. ^ Palisot de Beauvois, Ambroise Marie François Joseph. 1812. Essai d'une Nouvelle Agrostographie plate XIII (13), figure III (3) line drawing of Setaria viridis
  7. ^ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology. Vol. 4: R-Q. CRC Press. p. 2470. ISBN 0-8493-2673-7. |volume= has extra text (help)
  8. ^ Aliscioni, S., et al. An overview of the genus Setaria (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) in the Old World: Systematic revision and phylogenetic approach. Abstract. Botany 2004. Salt Lake City. August 3, 2004.
  9. ^ Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 1, 499, 531 狗尾草属 gou wei cao shu Setaria P. Beauvois, Ess. Agrostogr. 51. 1812
  10. ^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
  11. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana Archived 2015-02-01 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ Atlas of Living Australia
  13. ^ Sanbi Red List of South African Plants
  14. ^ Diao, Xianmin; Jia, Guanqing (2017). "Origin and Domestication of Foxtail Millet". Genetics and Genomics of Setaria. Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models. 19. pp. 61–72. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45105-3_4. ISBN 978-3-319-45103-9. ISSN 2363-9601.
  15. ^ Dekker, Jack (29 February 2004). "4". In Inderjit (ed.). Weed Biology and Management. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 65–67. ISBN 9781402017612.
  16. ^ Fuller, Dorian Q. (2014). "Millets: Origins and Development". Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. New York, NY: Springer New York. pp. 4945–4948. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2181.
  17. ^ The Plant List search for Setaria
  18. ^ "Setaria". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
  19. ^ "GRIN Species Records of Setaria". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-03-03.

External links[]

  • Setaria. California Department of Food and Agriculture.
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