Shizuo Yokoyama

Shizuo Yokoyama
Shizuo Yokoyama
Native name	横山静雄
Born	December 1, 1890
Died	January 6, 1961 (aged 70)
Allegiance	Empire of Japan
Service/branch	Imperial Japanese Army
Years of service	1912―1945
Rank	Lieutenant General
Commands held	IJA 8th Division, IJA 41st Army
Battles/wars	World War II

Shizuo Yokoyama (横山静雄, Yokoyama Shizuo, 1 December 1890 – 6 January 1961) was a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II, who is noted for his role in the Battle of Manila during the final days of World War II.

Biography[]

Yokoyama was born in Fukuoka prefecture as the eldest son of a village mayor. He graduated from the 24th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1912 and the 37th class of the Army Staff College in 1925. His rise through the ranks was steady and rapid, serving in mostly staff and administrative posts within the Chosen Army and Imperial Japanese Army General Staff. aside from a brief combat deployment during the Japanese intervention in Siberia and an observation tour in Europe in 1934. He was as appointed commander of the Kwantung Army's Railway Zone serving in that post until 1937.

With the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War, Yokoyama was appointed commander of the IJA 2nd Infantry Regiment from March 1938 to March 1939, whereupon he was promoted to major general. He was assigned command of the 2nd Field Railway, followed by the 1st Field Railway until his promotion to lieutenant general in 1941.^[1] In June 1942, Yokoyama was assigned command of the Manchukuo-based IJA 8th Division, which was garrisoned in eastern Heilongjiang guarding the border with the Soviet Union. However, in 1944, as the situation in the Pacific war continued to deteriorate for the Japanese, portions of the IJA 8th Division were sent to Truk, where they were largely annihilated by lack of food and American air raids. The remainder of the division was transferred from Manchukuo to the Philippines under the command of General Yamashita Tomoyuki's 14th Area Army, and under the name of “Shimbu Group”, was wholly made responsible for the defense of southern Luzon. Suffering severe casualties, the remnants of the command was assigned to the IJA 41st Army in March 1945. Yokoyama was responsible for defending Manila against the U.S. Sixth and Eighth Armies from 3 February until his surrender on 4 March 1945, by which time his army had been reduced to just 6500 men.^[2]

At the end of the war, Yokoyama was arrested, taken before a military tribunal in Manila, and was charged with war crimes due to the various atrocities committed by Japanese forces during the Japanese defense of Manila and was sentenced to death.^[3] He was pardoned by Philippines President Elpidio Quirino and allowed to return to Japan in 1953. He died in 1961.

References[]

Fukagawa, Hideki (1981). (陸海軍将官人事総覧 (陸軍篇)) Army and Navy General Personnel Directory (Army). Tokyo: Fuyo Shobo. ISBN 4829500026.
Dupuy, Trevor N. (1992). Encyclopedia of Military Biography. I B Tauris & Co Ltd. ISBN 1-85043-569-3.
Hata, Ikuhiko (2005). (日本陸海軍総合事典) Japanese Army and Navy General Encyclopedia. Tokyo: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 4130301357.

External links[]

Ammenthorp, Steen. "Yokoyama Shizuo, Lieutenant-General". The Generals of World War II.
Time Magazine article on Yokoyama's pardon

Footnotes[]

^ Ammenthorp, The Generals of World War II
^ Smith, Robert Ross (2014). United States Army in WWII - the Pacific - Triumph in the Philippines. Verdun Press. ISBN 978-1515082835.
^ von Lingen, Kerstin (2016). War Crimes Trials in the Wake of Decolonization and Cold War in Asia, 1945-1956: Justice in Time of Turmoil. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 163. ISBN 978-3319429861.

[1] Ammenthorp, The Generals of World War II

[2] Smith, Robert Ross (2014). United States Army in WWII - the Pacific - Triumph in the Philippines. Verdun Press. ISBN 978-1515082835.

[3] von Lingen, Kerstin (2016). War Crimes Trials in the Wake of Decolonization and Cold War in Asia, 1945-1956: Justice in Time of Turmoil. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 163. ISBN 978-3319429861.

[1]

[2]

[3]