Sibir (2017 icebreaker)

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For other icebreakers of the same name, see Sibir (icebreaker).
History
Russia
NameSibir (Сибирь)
NamesakeRussian for Siberia
OperatorFSUE Atomflot
BuilderBaltic Shipyard, Saint Petersburg
CostRUB 84.4 billion (for two vessels)[8]
Yard number05707
Laid down26 May 2015[5]
Launched22 September 2017[4]
Sponsored byTatyana Golikova[7]
Completed
  • 2018 (contract date)[2]
  • 24 December 2021 (commissioning ceremony)[3]
In serviceJanuary 2022 (planned)[6]
Identification
StatusIn service
General characteristics [9][10]
Class and typeProject 22220 icebreaker
Displacement
  • 33,530 t (33,000 long tons) (dwl)
  • 25,540 t (25,140 long tons) (minimum)
Length
  • 173.3 m (569 ft) (overall)
  • 160.0 m (525 ft) (dwl)
Beam
  • 34 m (112 ft) (maximum)
  • 33 m (108 ft) (dwl)
Height51.25 m (168 ft)[11]
Draft
  • 10.5 m (34 ft) (dwl)
  • 8.65 m (28 ft) (minimum; operational)
  • 8.50 m (28 ft) (minimum; design)
Depth15.2 m (50 ft)
Ice classRMRS Icebreaker9
Installed power
Propulsion
  • Nuclear-turbo-electric
  • Three shafts (3 × 20 MW)
Speed
  • 22 knots (41 km/h; 25 mph)
  • 1.5–2 knots (2.8–3.7 km/h; 1.7–2.3 mph) in 2.8 m (9 ft) ice
Endurance
  • 7 years (reactor fuel)
  • 6 months (provisions)[12]
Crew75
Aviation facilitiesHelideck and hangar

Sibir (Russian: Сибирь; literally: Siberia) is a Russian Project 22220 nuclear-powered icebreaker. Built by Baltic Shipyard in Saint Petersburg, she was laid down in 2015, launched in 2017, and delivered in December 2021.[3]

Development and construction[]

Background[]

Main article: Project 22220 icebreaker § Development

In the late 1980s,[13] the Russian research institutes and design bureaus developed a successor for the 1970s Arktika-class nuclear-powered icebreakers as part of a wider icebreaker fleet renewal program initiated shortly after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.[14] The new 60-megawatt icebreaker, referred to using a type size series designation LK-60Ya,[note 1] would feature a so-called dual-draft functionality which would allow the vessel to operate in shallow coastal areas after de-ballasting.[15] Although the preliminary designs had been developed almost two decades earlier, the LK-60Ya design was finalized in 2009 as Project 22220 by [16] and the construction of the first vessel was awarded to Saint Petersburg-based Baltic Shipyard in August 2012.[17] Two additional contracts in May 2014 and August 2019 have increased the number of Project 22220 icebreakers under construction or on order to five.[18][19]

Construction[]

Sibir under construction at Baltic Shipyard in December 2018.

The tender for construction of two additional Project 22220 nuclear-powered icebreakers, referred to as the first and second serial vessels of the project, was announced at the keel laying ceremony of the lead ship Arktika on 5 November 2013.[2] On 8 May 2014, the 84.4 billion ruble (about US$2.4 billion)[8] contract for two vessels was awarded to the Saint Petersburg -based Baltic Shipyard which was the only company whose bid had been accepted.[20]

The keel of the second Project 22220 icebreaker was laid on 26 May 2015.[5] After the launching of Arktika in June and in order to make way for the keel laying of the third icebreaker,[21] the partially-assembled hull weighing about 3,500 tonnes (3,400 long tons) was moved about 125 metres (410 ft) along the slipway to the position where final hull construction would take place.[22] The icebreaker was launched as Sibir, Russian for Siberia, on 22 September 2017.[4] Previously, the name had been used on the second Arktika-class icebreaker that was in service in 1977–1992.

Initially, the delivery of the second Project 22220 nuclear-powered icebreaker was scheduled for 2018,[2] but this has since been postponed due to problems with the delivery of the steam turbines from a domestic manufacturer.[23] On 26 May 2020, Sibir's level of technical readiness was reported to be 70%.[24] In August 2021 interview, the deputy head of Rosatom and head of the Northern Sea Route Directorate Vyacheslav Ruksha stated that Sibir may head for sea trials in December if the steam plant is brought online by the end of August.[25] As of October 2021, the technical readiness of the vessel was estimated as 96.76 % and that the vessel would be delivered to Atomflot in December 2021.[26]

Sibir left for first sea trials on 16 November 2021[27] and returned to Saint Petersburg on 30 November.[28] The second sea trials were completed in December 2021.[29] While some minor malfunctions were discovered,[30] the icebreaker was delivered to Atomflot on 24 December 2021.[3]

Career[]

Sibir is expected to begin icebreaking operations in the Kara Sea in January 2022.[6]

Design[]

Main article: Project 22220 icebreaker § Design

Sibir is 173.3 metres (569 ft) long overall and has a maximum beam of 34 metres (112 ft). Designed to operate efficiently both in shallow Arctic river estuaries as well as along the Northern Sea Route, the draught of the vessel can be varied between 8.65 and 10.5 metres (28 and 34 ft) by taking in and discharging ballast water, corresponding to a displacement between 25,540 and 33,530 tonnes (25,140 and 33,000 long tons).[9][10]

Sibir has a nuclear-turbo-electric powertrain. The onboard nuclear power plant consists of two 175 MWt RITM-200 pressurized water reactors fueled by up to 20% enriched Uranium-235[31] and two 36 MWe turbogenerators.[32][33][34] The propulsion system follows the classic polar icebreaker pattern with three 6.2-metre (20 ft) four-bladed propellers driven by 20-megawatt (27,000 hp) electric motors.[35][36] With a total propulsion power of 60 megawatts (80,000 hp), Sibir is designed to be capable of breaking 2.8 metres (9 ft) thick level ice at a continuous speed of 1.5–2 knots (2.8–3.7 km/h; 1.7–2.3 mph) at full power when operating in deep water at design draught.[10]

Notes[]

  1. ^ The type size series designation "LK-60Ya" (Russian: ЛК-60Я) comes from the Russian language word for "icebreaker" (Russian: ледокол, romanized: ledokol), propulsion power (60 megawatts), and the first letter of the Russian word for "nuclear" (Russian: ядерное, romanized: yadernoye).

References[]

  1. ^ "Sibir (9774422)". Equasis. French Ministry for Transport. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  2. ^ a b c "Atomflot announces tender for construction of two serial nuclear icebreakers". PortNews. 5 November 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
  3. ^ a b c "https://en.portnews.ru/news/323194/". PortNews. 24 December 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2021. External link in |title= (help)
  4. ^ a b "Baltiysky Zavod launches Sibir, first serial nuclear-powered icebreaker of Project 22220 (photo)". PortNews. 22 September 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
  5. ^ a b "Keel laying ceremony of the nuclear-powered icebreaker takes place at the Baltic Shipyard". PortNews. 27 May 2015. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
  6. ^ a b "Атомный ледокол проекта 22220 «Сибирь» в первой декаде января 2022 года выйдет в Карское море - Вячеслав Рукша" (in Russian). PortNews. 2 December 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
  7. ^ "First series all-purpose nuclear icebreaker Sibir floated out". Rosatom. 22 September 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  8. ^ a b "Baltic Shipyard building nuclear icebreaker". VEUS e.V. 24 September 2014. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
  9. ^ a b "Универсальный атомный ледокол проекта 22220" (in Russian). Rosatomflot. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  10. ^ a b c "Multipurpose nuclear icebreaker project 22220". United Shipbuilding Corporation. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  11. ^ "Как ледокол "Арктика" готовился к ходовым испытаниям" (in Russian). Sudostroenie.info. 15 December 2019. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
  12. ^ "Ледокол "Арктика" готов на 60%" (in Russian). Ruselprom. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  13. ^ Tsoy, L.G. (2012), "Не разучились ли наши судостроители проектировать ледоколы?", Морской флот (in Russian) (5)
  14. ^ Tsoy, L.G.; Stoyanov, I.A.; Mikhailichenko, V.V.; Livshits, S.G. (1995), "Perspective types of Arctic icebreakers and their principal characteristics" (PDF), Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions, 1995 (POAC'95), 1, pp. 13–26
  15. ^ Tsoy, L.G. (1994), "New generation Arktika class nuclear icebreaker feasibility study", Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Ships and Marine Structures in Cold Regions, 1994 (ICETECH'95), pp. P1–P8
  16. ^ "Largest icebreaker construction now underway". The Motorship. 26 January 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
  17. ^ "Baltic Shipyard to build new large nuclear-powered icebreaker (Project 22220 LC-60YA)". Navy Recognition. 7 August 2012. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
  18. ^ "Baltiysky Shipyard to build three new icebreakers by 2020". Barents Observer. 8 May 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
  19. ^ "Russia's ATOMFLOT Orders 4th & 5th Project 22220 Nuclear-Powered Icebreakers". Naval News. 11 August 2019. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
  20. ^ "Baltiysky Shipyard awarded no-bid contract for construction of two nuclear icebreakers of project 22220". PortNews. 8 May 2014. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
  21. ^ "Hull of the Siberia, the second icebreaker of project 22220, shifted to a new position at Baltiysky Zavod shipyard". Navigator Magazine. 1 July 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  22. ^ "Hull of the Siberia, first serial icebreaker of project 22220, shifted to a new position at Baltiysky Zavod shipyard". PortNews. 28 June 2016. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
  23. ^ "Russia's Rosatomflot Launches Third New Nuclear Icebreaker". High North News. 28 May 2019. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
  24. ^ "Техготовность атомоходов "Сибирь" и "Урал" составляет 70% и 50% соответственно" (in Russian). PortNews. 26 May 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  25. ^ ""Проект будет реализовываться в любом случае"" (in Russian). Kommersant. 5 August 2021. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  26. ^ "В "Атомфлоте" рассказали об ожидаемых сроках сдачи ледоколов проекта 22220" (in Russian). Sudostroenie.info. 20 October 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  27. ^ "Baltiysky Zavod sends nuclear-powered icebreaker Sibir for sea trials". PortNews. 17 November 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  28. ^ "Первый серийный атомный ледокол проекта 22220 «Сибирь» вернулся в Санкт-Петербург с ходовых испытаний в акватории Финского залива" (in Russian). Атомная энергия 2.0. 30 November 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  29. ^ "First serial icebreaker of Project 22220, Sibir, completed final phase of shipbuilder's sea trials". PortNews. 21 December 2021. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
  30. ^ "В рамках ходовых испытаний ледокола «Сибирь» проекта 22220 обнаружены сбои – ФГУП «Атомфлот»" (in Russian). PortNews. 24 December 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  31. ^ Lobner, Peter. "Marine Nuclear Power: 1939 – 2018" (PDF). Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  32. ^ "Serving the nuclear machine building industry since 1945" (PDF). JSC "Afrikantov OKBM". Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  33. ^ "Kirovsky Zavod Will Manufacture a Steam-Turbine Plant for the World's Largest Nuclear-Powered Ice-Breaker". Kirovsky Zavod. 27 August 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  34. ^ "Турбогенератор РУСЭЛПРОМА установили на атомный ледокол" (in Russian). Ruselprom. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  35. ^ "Электродвигатели "Русэлпрома" погружены на ледокол "Сибирь"" (in Russian). Ruselprom. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  36. ^ ""Звездочка" изготовила лопасти гребных винтов для головного атомного ледокола" (in Russian). TASS. 20 April 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
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