Sida (plant)

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For other uses, see Sida (disambiguation).

Sida
Starr 050419-6513 Sida fallax.jpg
ʻIlima (Sida fallax)
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Malvoideae
Tribe: Malveae
Genus: Sida
L.[1]
Species

98-200+, see text

Synonyms

Pseudomalachra (K.Schum.) Monteiro

Sida is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. They are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide,[2] especially in the Americas.[3] Plants of the genus may be known generally as fanpetals[1] or sidas.[4]

Description[]

These are annual or perennial herbs or shrubs growing up to 2m tall (6 feet). Most species have hairy herbage. The leaf blades are usually unlobed with serrated edges, but may be divided into lobes. They are borne on petioles and have stipules. Flowers are solitary or arranged in inflorescences of various forms. Each has five hairy sepals and five petals in shades of yellow, orange, or white. There are many stamens and a style divided into several branches. The fruit is a disc-shaped schizocarp up to 2 cm (3/4 inch) wide which is divided into five to 12 sections, each containing one seed. The pollens are spherical in shape.

The pollen grain of Genus sida

[3][4]

Ecology[]

Many Sida are attractive to butterflies and moths. Arrowleaf sida (Sida rhombifolia), for example, is a larval host for the Tropical Checkered Skipper (Pyrgus oileus).[5]

The and have been first isolated from Sida species; the former specifically from .

Etymology[]

The genus name Sida is from the Greek for "pomegranate or water lily".[4] Carl Linnaeus adopted the name from the writings of Theophrastus.[3]

Diversity[]

Sida has historically been a wastebasket taxon, including many plants that simply did not fit into other genera of the Malvaceae. Species have been continually reclassified.[2] The circumscription of Sida is still unclear, with no real agreement regarding how many species belong there. Over 1000 names have been placed in the genus, and many authorities accept about 150 to 250 valid names today.[2] Some sources accept as few as 98 species.[6] There are many plants recognized as Sida that have not yet been described to science.[7]

Sida rhombifolia

Species include:[1][6][8]

  • Mill. – prostrate sida, spreading fanpetals
  • Sida acuta Burm.f. (syn. S. carpinifolia) – common wireweed, broomweed
  • C.Presl – savannah fanpetals
  • – Antilles fanpetals
  • – rock sida, tall sida
  • (Benth.) F.Muell.
  • – bracted fanpetals, fringed fanpetals
  • Sida clementii Domin
  • – long-stalk sida, heartleaf fanpetals
  • Sida cordifolia L. – country-mallow, flannel sida
  • F.Muell.
  • – Elliott's fanpetals
  • Sida fallax Walp. – ʻilima, yellow ʻilima
  • – smooth fanpetals
  • – clustered fanpetals
  • Sida hermaphrodita – Virginia fanpetals, river-mallow
  • F.Muell. – twiggy sida
  • – Jamaican fanpetals
  • Sida javensis
  • – showy fanpetals
  • – flaxleaf fanpetals, balai grand
  • – stockflower fanpetals
  • Sida mysorensis Wight & Arnott
  • – New Mexico fanpetals
  • F.Muell. – hill sida
  • [7]
  • – Javanese fanpetals
  • Sida rhombifolia L. – arrowleaf sida, Cuban jute
  • – red-margin fanpetals
  • – escoba parada
  • – moth fanpetals
  • Sida spenceriana F.Muell.
  • – prickly sida, prickly fanpetals
  • – catnip noseburn, earleaf fanpetals
  • F.Muell. – hairy sida
  • Mill. – common wireweed, common fanpetals[9]
  • – tropical fanpetals, balai-zortie

Formerly placed here[]

Species now in other genera include:[8]

  • (Jacq.) Garcke ex Hochr. (as S. abutiloides Jacq. or S. lignosa Cav.)
  • (L.) Schltdl. (as S. cristata L.)
  • (Jacq.) Sweet (as S. gigantea Jacq.)
  • Abutilon grandifolium (Willd.) Sweet (as S. grandifolia Willd. or S. mollis Ortega)
  • (Lam.) Sweet (as S. graveolens Roxb. ex Hornem.)
  • Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet (as S. incana Link)
  • Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet (as S. indica L.)
  • Abutilon megapotamicum (A.Spreng.) A.St.-Hil. & Naudin (as S. megapotamica A.Spreng.)
  • (Cav.) Sweet Sida mollicoma Willd. (as S. mollissima Cav.)
  • Abutilon pictum (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Walp. (as S. picta Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.)
  • (Juss. ex Cav.) Sweet (as S. reflexa Juss. ex Cav.)
  • (Klotzsch) Regel (as S. sellowiana Klotzsch)
  • Abutilon theophrasti Medik. (as S. abutilon L.)
  • (Hook.) D.M.Bates (as S. integerrima Hook.)
  • Corynabutilon vitifolium (Cav.) Kearney (as S. vitifolium Cav.)
  • (Pursh) Hochr. (as S. hispida Pursh)
  • Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapov. (as S. hederacea (Douglas) Torr. ex A.Gray)
  • (Gay) A.W.Hill (as S. compacta Gay)
  • A. St.-Hil. (as S. malvacea Vell.)
  • Sidalcea malviflora (DC.) A.Gray ex Benth. (as S. malviflora DC.)
  • Sidalcea oregana subsp. oregana (as S. oregana Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray)
  • (A.St.-Hil.) Fryxell (as S. micrantha A.St.-Hil.)
  • (L.) Fryxell (as S. paniculata L.)
  • Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Rydb. (as S. grossulariifolia Hook. & Arn.)
  • (L.) C.Presl ex Thwaites (as S. periplocifolia L.)

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c Sida. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c Shaheen, N., et al. (2009). Foliar epidermal anatomy and its systematic implication within the genus Sida L. (Malvaceae). African Journal of Biotechnology 8(20), 5328-36.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c Sida. The Jepson eFlora 2013.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c Sida. FloraBase. Western Australian Herbarium.
  5. ^ Sida rhombifolia. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. University of Texas, Austin.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b Sida. The Plant List.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b Markey, A. S., et al. (2011). Sida picklesiana (Malvaceae), a new species from the Murchison-Gascoyne region of Western Australia. Nuytsia 21(3) 127-37.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b GRIN Species Records of Sida. Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
  9. ^ "Sida ulmifolia - Species Details". Atlas of Florida Plants. Retrieved 2021-09-05.

External links[]

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