Sigaus villosus

Black Eye grasshopper
	Male
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Orthoptera
Family:	Acrididae
Genus:	Sigaus
Species:	S. villosus
Binomial name
	Sigaus villosus; (Salmon, 1950)
	The distribution of S. villosus in New Zealand
Synonyms
	Brachaspis villosa Salmon, 1950 ;

Sigaus villosus is New Zealand's largest grasshopper. It is only found in the central mountains of the South Island. The genus Sigaus is endemic to the New Zealand. Like all of New Zealand sub-alpine and alpine grasshoppers S. villosus has a 2 or 3 years life cycle. The eggs must ‘overwinter’ before they will hatch. Hoppers are found throughout the year and adult grasshoppers can be found throughout the New Zealand summer between December and April. Adult S. villosus do not overwinter.

Distribution and habitat[]

A overview of the S. villosus habitat.
Lagoon Peak 43°22′29″S 171°14′16″E / 43.374819°S 171.237881°E

Sigaus villosus is known from the central mountains of the South Island, with the largest population on the Craigieburn Range. It can be found as far south as the Fox Peak (

43°50′20″S 170°47′02″E / 43.838913°S 170.78388°E) and as far north as the Mount Wilson (42°57′32″S 171°40′32″E / 42.958791°S 171.675611°E). The black eye grasshopper is a truly high alpine species, as it prefer open bare rocky screes between 1,900–2,100 metres (6,200–6,900 ft) in altitude,^[2]^[3] however, it can be found down as low as 1,320 metres (4,330 ft) at the Porters Ski Area at the bottom of long open screes (43°16′23″S 171°38′32″E / 43.27295483°S 171.64224886°E). Adult grasshoppers are found during the New Zealand summer between October and March.

Species description[]

This species was first described by in 1950 and originally named Brachaspis villosa.^[4] The wings on S. villosus are micropterous (small wings) between 2–4 millimetres (0.079–0.157 in) making this species flightless like most of New Zealand grasshoppers.

Polymorphism[]

Only one colour morph are known for adults S. villosus, 'Grey'. All specimens are light grey with black coloured eyes.

Type information[]

Holotype of Sigaus villosus

Salmon, J.T. 1950: A new species of Acrididae (Insecta: Orthoptera) from New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Vol. 78, Part 1, page 69, February 1950
Type locality: , 1,524–1,707 metres (5,000–5,600 ft), Canterbury. 43°15′21″S 171°49′17″E / 43.255873°S 171.821448°E / -43.255873; 171.821448
Type specimen: Immature female; J. T. Salmon; Holotype, Paratype and Allotype are deposited in the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Plesiotype are deposited in the Canterbury Museum, Christchurch.

References[]

^ ^a ^b "Sigaus villosus (Salmon, 1950)". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
^ Trewick, Steven A. (April 2008). "DNA Barcoding is not enough: mismatch of taxonomy and genealogy in New Zealand grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae)". Cladistics. 24 (2): 240–254. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2007.00174.x. ISSN 0748-3007. S2CID 85151482.
^ Morris, Simon J. (December 2003). "Two new species of Sigaus from Fiordland, New Zealand (Orthoptera: Acrididae)". New Zealand Entomologist. 26 (1): 65–74. doi:10.1080/00779962.2003.9722110. ISSN 0077-9962. S2CID 85388019.
^ Salmon, J. T. (1950). "A New Species of Acridiidae (Insecta: Orthoptera) from New Zealand". Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 50: 69 – via Papers Past.

[GBIF-1] "Sigaus villosus (Salmon, 1950)". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2021-03-07.

[2] Trewick, Steven A. (April 2008). "DNA Barcoding is not enough: mismatch of taxonomy and genealogy in New Zealand grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae)". Cladistics. 24 (2): 240–254. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2007.00174.x. ISSN 0748-3007. S2CID 85151482.

[3] Morris, Simon J. (December 2003). "Two new species of Sigaus from Fiordland, New Zealand (Orthoptera: Acrididae)". New Zealand Entomologist. 26 (1): 65–74. doi:10.1080/00779962.2003.9722110. ISSN 0077-9962. S2CID 85388019.

[4] Salmon, J. T. (1950). "A New Species of Acridiidae (Insecta: Orthoptera) from New Zealand". Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 50: 69 – via Papers Past.

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