Sin Rip

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In this Korean name, the family name is Sin.
Sin Rip
신립 장군.jpg
Portrait of Sin Rip
Korean name
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationSin Rip
McCune–ReischauerSin Rip
Courtesy name
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationIpji
McCune–ReischauerIpchi

Shin Rip or Shin Rib (Hangul: 신립, Hanja: 申砬; 16 November 1546 – 7 June 1592) was a Korean general and a member of the Pyeongsan Sin clan.[1]

He passed the Korean national military examinations at the age of 22. Sin earned prominence by driving out the Nitanggae barbarians from the northern provinces of Joseon dynasty. Sin was a successful general who also gained renown for protecting the borders of Joseon against the Jurchen. When the fortifications at Busan fell to the Japanese at the outset of the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598), Sin Rip, the Vice Minister of War, was despatched to Chungju to stop the advancing invaders. He raised a substantial force, 8,000 strong, consisting primarily of cavalry. He was joined at Chungju by Gyeongsang Provincial Governor Kim Su, who had previously collected a large force at Daegu while waiting for a general to be sent from the capital, Hanseong (modern day Seoul). When no general materialized and it was learned that the Japanese were en route, Kim's force largely evaporated.

Sin Rip was en route to the Stronghold to block the Choryeong Pass which the Japanese would have to use to move north when he learned that Yi Il's forces had been routed at Sangju by Konishi Yukinaga's First Division and that General Yi had fled, he decided to remain at Chungju and fight the Japanese on level terrain to better employ his cavalry.

This, however, left a key choke point undefended and facilitated Konishi's forces' advance northward. Sin selected a large, natural amphitheater at a place called Tangeumdae (탄금대), with mountains at one side and a curving river at the other to make his stand. The only approaches were two narrow passages at either end where the mountains met the river. Apparently Sin chose this site thinking to best employ his cavalry against a Japanese enemy that was predominantly infantry.

Modern analysts have also theorized that Sin, in light of reports of Korean forces fleeing in the heat of battle, may have contrived to lock his troops into a life or death situation where they would be forced to fight for their very survival. In the battle, Sin Rip was up against great odds. The Japanese, moreover, were equipped with a type of musket, arquebus, which Sin had not seen in action. The Japanese outnumbered the Korean cavalry by more than 2:1 (18,700 to 8,000) and Sin's cavalry were largely raw recruits plus some scattered remnants of defeated forces from the south.

On June 6, 1592, Konishi's troops advanced to crush Sin's forces. The Japanese blocked both the narrow entrances and then sent musketeers and archers to rain down a withering hail of musket balls and arrows on the Korean forces. Suddenly aware of their tactical disadvantage, many of the Korean forces broke ranks and frantically tried to escape through one or the other of the passages, but were either cut down by the Japanese or drowned in the river. A few broke through the Japanese lines and fled. Sin and his officers escaped but committed suicide rather than being taken prisoner by the Japanese.

Family[]

Although Shin Rib and Shin Heum[2][3] were 12th cousins, they each became in-laws of King Seonjo through their children.

  • Father – Sin Hwa-Guk (신화국, 申華國)[4]
    • Grandfather – Sin-Sang (신상, 申鏛)
  • Mother – Lady Yun of the Papyeong Yun clan (정경부인 파평 윤씨, 貞敬夫人 坡平 尹氏); (윤회, 尹懷) Yun Hoe’s daughter
    • Grandfather – Yun Hoe (윤회, 尹懷)

Siblings

  • Older sister – Internal Princess Consort Pyeongsan of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (평산부부인 평산 신씨, 平山府夫人 平山 申氏) (1538–1662); Gu Sa-maeng’s second wife
    • Brother-in-law – Gu Sa-Maeng, Duke Munui, Internal Prince Neungan (1531–1604) (구사맹 문의공 능안부원군)
  • Older brother – Shin Jab (신잡, 申磼) (1541–1609)
    • Unnamed sister-in-law
      • Nephew – Shin Gyeong-ji (신경지, 申景祉)
        • Grandnephew – Shin Jong-geon (신종건, 申從謇)
        • Grandnephew – Shin Jong-geun (신종근, 申從謹)
  • Older brother – Shin Geub (신급, 申礏)
  • Younger brother – Shin Hal (신할, 申硈)

Wives and their respective issue:

  • Lady Lee (이씨) – No issue.
  • Lady Choi (최씨, 崔氏); daughter of Choi Pil-Sin (최필신, 崔弼臣)
    • Son – Shin Gyeong-jin (신경진, 申景禛) (1575–1643)
      • Daughter-in-law – Lady Choi of the Jeonju Choi clan (전주 최씨, 全州 崔氏)
        • Grandson – Shin Jun (신준, 申埈)
        • Grandson – Shin Hae (신해, 申垓)[5][6]
          • Great-grandson – Shin Yeo-jeong (신여정, 申汝挺)
          • Great-grandson – Shin Yeo-sik (신여식, 申汝拭)
          • Great-grandson – Shin Yeo-seok (신여석, 申汝晳)
          • Great-grandson – Shin Yeo-cheol (신여철, 申汝哲)
        • Granddaughter – Lady Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (평산 신씨)
          • Grandson-in-law – Yu Woo-yeob (유우엽, 柳于燁)
        • Granddaughter – Lady Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (평산 신씨)
          • Grandson-in-law – Park Cheon-gu (박천구, 朴天球)
    • Son – Shin Gyeong-yu (신경유, 申景裕)
    • Son – Shin Gyeong-in (신경인, 申景禋)
    • Daughter – Princess Consort Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (군부인 평산 신씨, 郡夫人 平山申氏) (1578–1622)
      • Son-in-law – Yi Hu, Prince Shinseong (신성군 이후) (6 January 1579 – 8 December 1592)[7]
        • Adoptive grandson – Yi Jeon, Grand Prince Neungchang (능창대군 이전) (16 July 1599 – 17 November 1615)[8]
        • Adoptive grandson – Yi Gu, Prince Pyeongun (평운군 이구) (1624–1662)
        • Granddaughter – Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan (전주 이씨, 全州 李氏)
          • Grandson-in-law – Ahn Hong-ryang (안홍량, 安弘量) of the Juksan Ahn clan (죽산 안씨, 竹山安氏) (1590–1616)
    • Daughter – Lady Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (평산 신씨)
      • Son-in-law – Yi Dae-yeob (이대엽, 李大燁) of the Gwangju Yi clan (광주 이씨, 廣州 李氏) (1587–1623)[9]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "신립(申砬) - 한국민족문화대백과사전". Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
  2. ^ His eldest son, Shin Ik-seong (신익성, 申翊聖), married Princess Jeongsuk (a daughter of King Seonjo and Royal Noble In of the Suwon Kim clan). His great-granddaughter, through his eldest, became the first wife of Min Jeong-jung (민정중, 閔鼎重) (the uncle of Queen Inhyeon). His granddaughter married Queen Myeongseong’s uncle, Kim Jwa-myeong
  3. ^ His second granddaughter married, Kang Mun-du (강문두, 姜文斗), the younger brother of Crown Princess Kang. His second son, Shin Ik-jeon (신익전, 申翊全), married Queen Jangryeol’s older sister and his second daughter married the uncle of the Queen. Shin Heum’s third youngest daughter married Crown Princess Kang’s older brother, Kang Mun-seong (강문성, 姜文星)
  4. ^ He was an 8th (younger) cousin of Shin Saimdang (신사임당).
  5. ^ Shin Hae (신해, 申垓) became the adopted son of Shin Gyeong-in (신경인) and become the 11th generation great-grandfather of Shin Ik-hui (신익희)
  6. ^ Shin Ik-hui was a Korean independence activist politician during Korea under the Japanese rule periods and was the Speaker of the National Assembly during the first President of Korea, Syngman Rhee's first term and second term
  7. ^ The second son of Seonjo of Joseon and Royal Noble Consort In of the Suwon Kim clan (인빈 김씨)
  8. ^ Third son of his niece, Queen Inheon
  9. ^ His second younger sister, Lady Yi of the Gwangju Yi clan (광주 이씨, 廣州 李氏), married Park Ja-heung (박자흥, 朴自興). They eventually became the parents of Crown Princess Park; the wife of King Gwanghae’s son
  • Nuneuro Boneun Hanguk Yeoksa, Joseon Junggi (눈으로 보는 한국역사, 조선중기), Vol. 7, Jungang Gyoyuk Yeonguweon (중앙교육연구원), Pg. 117.
  • Homer B. Hulbert, Hulbert's History of Korea, Vol. I, p. 356.
  • James Murdoch, A History of Japan, Vol. I, pp. 322–323.
  • William Ellsworth Henthorn, A History of Korea, p. 180.
  • Samuel Hawley, The Imjin War, pp. 152–158.
  • Stephen Turnbull, Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korea War 1592–1598, pp. 58–63.
  • Cho Byonghon, The Book of Corrections: Reflections on the National Crisis during the Japanese Invasion of Korea 1592–1598, pp. 67–70.
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