Sisavang Vatthana
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Sisavang Vatthana | |
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![]() Sisavang Vatthana on 3 November 1959, shortly after his accession upon the death of his father on 29 October. | |
King of Laos | |
Reign | 29 October 1959 – 2 December 1975 |
Predecessor | Sisavang Vong |
Successor | Monarchy abolished; Prince Souphanouvong as President |
Prime Ministers | show
See list |
Born | Luang Phrabang, French Laos | 13 November 1907
Died | 13 May 1978 Sam Neua, Laos | (aged 70)
Spouse | Queen Khamphoui |
Issue | Crown Prince Vong Savang Princess Savivanh Savang Princess Prince Prince Sauryavong Savang |
House | Khun Lo Dynasty |
Father | Sisavang Vong |
Mother | Kham-Oun I |
Religion | Theravada Buddhism |
Prime Minister of Laos | |
In office 15 October 1951 – 21 November 1951 | |
Monarch | Sisavang Vong |
Preceded by | Phoui Sananikone |
Succeeded by | Souvanna Phouma |
Sisavang Vatthana (Lao: ພຣະບາທສົມເດັຈພຣະເຈົ້າມະຫາຊີວິຕສີສວ່າງວັດທະນາ) or sometimes Savang Vatthana (full title: Samdach Brhat Chao Mavattaha Sri Vitha Lan Xang Hom Khao Phra Rajanachakra Lao Phengdara Parama Sidha Khattiya Suriya Varman Brhat Maha Sri Savangsa Vadhana; 13 November 1907 – 13 May 1978) was the last king of the Kingdom of Laos and the 6th Prime Minister of Laos serving from 29 October to 21 November 1951. He ruled from 1959 after his father's death until his forced abdication in 1975. His rule ended with the takeover by the Pathet Lao in 1975, after which he and his family were sent to a re-education camp by the new government.[citation needed]
Early life[]
Prince Savang Vatthana was born on 13 November 1907 at the Royal Palace of Luang Prabang, the son of King Sisavang Vong and Queen Kham-Oun I. He was the second of five children along with Princess Khampheng, Princess Sammathi, Prince Sayasack, and Prince Souphantharangsri. He was also a distant cousin of Prince Souvanna Phouma and Prince Souphanouvong. At the age of 10, Prince Savang was sent to study in France. He attended a lycée in Montpellier and obtained a degree from École Libre des Sciences Politiques (now called Sciences Po) in Paris, where French diplomats were trained. The young heir continued his studies in France, and after a decade overseas, he could no longer speak Lao. Upon his return, he had to be instructed by a palace functionary for years.
On 7 August 1930, he married Queen Khamphoui and they had five children, Crown Prince Vong Savang, Prince , Prince Sauryavong Savang, Princess Savivanh Savang, and Princess . The family played tennis together, and liked to attend major tournaments on their travels abroad. The prince was also a devout Buddhist and became an authority on the Sangha, and would later take his role as protector of the state religion seriously.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/FrenchLaos1953.png/220px-FrenchLaos1953.png)
During World War II, he represented his father with the Japanese forces. His father sent him to the Japanese headquarters in Saigon, where he vigorously protested about the Japanese actions, when they invaded Laos and forced them to declare independence from France.
King of Laos[]
In 1951, he served as Prime Minister, and when his father became ill on 20 August 1959, he was named Regent. On 29 October 1959, he informally acceded upon the death of his father. He was, however, never officially crowned and anointed king, deferring his coronation until the cessation of civil war. During his reign, Savang Vatthana visited many countries on diplomatic missions. In March 1963, he toured 13 countries, including the United States, where he stopped at Washington, D.C., to meet with President Kennedy. It was the second stop on a tour of 13 of the nations signatory to the Geneva Pact that guaranteed the "neutrality" of the Kingdom of Laos. The first stop had been Moscow, and the Russians showered gifts, including the GAZ-13 Chaika limousines. He was also accompanied by his Prime Minister, Souvanna Phouma.
He was active in Lao politics, trying to stabilise his country after the political turmoil started with the Geneva Conference of July 1954, which granted full independence to Laos but did not settle the issue of who would rule. Prince Souvanna Phouma, a neutralist, operated from Vientiane, claiming to be Prime Minister and being recognized by the USSR; Prince Boun Oum of Champassak in the south, right-wing, pro-US, dominated the Pakse area, recognized as Prime Minister by the US; and in the far north, Prince Souphanouvong led the leftist resistance movement, the Pathet Lao, drawing support from North Vietnam, also claiming to be Prime Minister with the backing of the communists. To avoid argument over whether Souvanna or Boun Oum was the "legitimate" Prime Minister, both sides would deal through the pro-Western King Sisavang Vatthana.
In 1961, a majority of the National Assembly had already voted Boun Oum into power and King Sisavang Vatthana left Luang Prabang, visiting the capital to give the new government his blessing. But he wanted the Three Princes to form a coalition government, which happened in 1962 but then the coalition government collapsed.
In 1964 series of coups and counter coups resulted in the final alignment of the Pathet Lao on one side with the neutralist and right wing factions on the other. From this point the Pathet Lao refused to join any offers of coalition or national elections and the Laotian Civil War began.
Abdication and death[]
On 23 August 1975, Pathet Lao forces entered Vientiane, the last city to be captured. The Phouma Government became effectively powerless for the next few months. On 2 December, Vatthana was forced to abdicate the throne by the Pathet Lao, abolishing the 600-year-old monarchy, and was appointed to the meaningless position of "Supreme Advisor to the President".[1] He refused to leave the country and in 1976 he surrendered the royal palace to the Lao Government, which turned it into a museum, and moved to a nearby private residence where he was later placed under house arrest. In March 1977, fearing Vatthana might escape to lead a resistance, the Communist authorities arrested him along with the Queen, Crown Prince Vong Savang, Prince , and his brothers Princes and and sent them to the northern province of Viengxai.[2] He was transported to Xam Neua and imprisoned in "Camp Number One," which held high-ranking officials from the former government.[3] During his time in the camp, he and other members of the royal family were allowed to move freely around their compounds during the day, and were often visited by members of the politburo, including Sopuhanouvong himself. Vatthana was the oldest prisoner in the camp and turned 70 during the earlier months of his imprisonment, whereas the average age of prisoners was around 55.[4]
In 1978, the government reported that Vatthana, Queen Khamphoui, and Crown Prince Vong Savang had died from malaria. The World Press Review reported that they had suffered from the effects of forced labor and starvation.[5] More recent accounts suggest that the King died in mid-March 1980.[citation needed] However, according to Kaysone Phomvihane, Vatthana died in 1984, at the age of 77.[6] Following the deaths of Vatthana and the Crown Prince, the King's youngest son, Sauryavong Savang, became the head of the Laotian royal family, acting as regent for his nephew Crown Prince, Soulivong Savang, until the regent died in Paris in 2018.
Issue[]
The children of Savang Vatthana and Khumphoui as follows:
Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Crown Prince Vong Savang | 27 September 1931 | 2 May 1978 (?) | married |
Princess Savivanh Savang | 1933 | 4 January 2007 | married |
10 January 1935 | 14 April 2006 | married | |
December 1935 | 1978 | ||
Prince Sauryavong Savang | 22 January 1937 | 2 January 2018 | married |
See also[]
- King Sisavang Vong
- Monarchs of Laos
- Pathet Lao
- Kingdom of Laos
- Soth Phetrasy
- Laotian Royal Family
References[]
- ^ "The Age - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
- ^ "History of Laos - Lonely Planet Travel Information". www.lonelyplanet.com. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
- ^ Hamilton-Merritt, Jane (May 8, 1993). Tragic Mountains: The Hmong, the Americans, and the Secret Wars for Laos, 1942-1992. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0253207568. Retrieved May 8, 2019 – via Google Books.
- ^ Bamboo Palace, Kremmer . 2003, p. 1989. accessed on May 10, 2008.
- ^ "Laotian Royal Family Died in Prison Camp". Feb 8, 1990. Retrieved May 8, 2019 – via NYTimes.com.
- ^ Laos " Le roi est mort ", Le Monde. 16 December 1989, p. 7. accessed on October 8, 2006.
External links[]
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- Laotian royalty
- 20th-century murdered monarchs
- 1907 births
- 1978 deaths
- Monarchs of Laos
- Pretenders to the Laotian throne
- Prime Ministers of Laos
- People from Luang Prabang
- Laotian anti-communists
- Prisoners who died in Laotian detention
- Laotian people who died in prison custody