Attulus

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Attulus
NA13-5790 Attulus ammophilus male.jpg
Male Attulus ammophilus
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Salticidae
Subfamily: Salticinae
Tribe: Sitticini
Genus: Attulus
Simon, 1889[1]
Type species
Attus distinguendus
Simon, 1868
Species

58, see text

Synonyms[1]
  • Calositticus Lohmander, 1944
  • Hypositticus Lohmander, 1944
  • Sitticulus Dahl, 1926
  • Sitticus Simon, 1901
  • Sittiflor Prószyński, 2017
  • Sittilong Prószyński, 2017
  • Sittipub Prószyński, 2016

Attulus is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889.[2] The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, -attus.[citation needed]

Taxonomy[]

In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus Attulus from the genus Attus. The correct name of the type species involves some taxonomic complexity. Simon gave Attus cinereus Westring, 1861 as the type of the genus. However, this name had already been used by Walckenaer in 1837 for a different species, so Simon's 1871 replacement name Attus helveolus is used instead. A. helveolus is now regarded as the same species as Attus distinguendus, described by Simon in 1868, so having priority as a name. Thus the type species is currently known as Attulus distinguendus.[1]

Within the family Salticidae, Attulus is placed in the tribe Sitticini (the sitticines). The taxonomy of the tribe and the genus Attulus has been subject to considerable uncertainty; some species changed genus repeatedly between 2017 and 2020. For example, Attulus floricola was known as Sitticus floricola until moved to Sittiflor floricola in 2017, to Calositticus floricola in 2018, back to Sitticus floricola in 2019, and then to Attulus floricola in 2020.[3] Most sitticines were placed in Sitticus until 2017, when Jerzy Prószyński split the genus into seven: Attulus, Sitticus and five new genera Sittiab, Sittiflor, Sittilong, Sittipub and Sittisax. This division was not based on a phylogenetic analysis but was intended to be "pragmatic".[3][4] A molecular phylogenetic analysis in 2020 restored most sitticine species to a single genus. Although Sitticus had been used in this sense for a long time, Attulus Simon, 1889 has priority over Sitticus Simon, 1901, so is the name currently used. Attulus is circumscribed to include Sitticus, Sittiflor, Sittilong and Sittipub. (Prószyński's Sittisax was retained, but his Sittiab was synonymized with Attinella.)[3]

Phylogeny[]

In 2020, Wayne Maddison and co-workers divided the tribe Sitticini into two subtribes, Aillutticina and Sitticina. Attulus was placed in Sitticina, and divided into three subgenera, A. (Sittilong) with one species, A. (Sitticus) with seven species, and A. (Attulus) with 41 species. The relationship between these taxa is shown in the following cladogram.[3]

Sitticini
Aillutticina

Five Neotropical genera

 
Sitticina
 

Jollas–Tomis clade (Attinella, Jollas, Sittisax, Tomis)

 
Attulus
 

Attulus (Sittilong)

 
 
 

Attulus (Sitticus)

 
 

Attulus (Attulus)

 
 
 
 
 

Species[]

As of August 2020, the World Spider Catalog recognized 58 species in the genus Attulus. They are found in Asia, Europe and North America:[1]

  • (Kulczyński, 1895) – Russia (South Siberia to Far East), China, Korea
  • (Thorell, 1875) – Romania, Ukraine, Russia (Europe)
  • (Andreeva, 1976) – Kazakhstan, Central Asia
  • (Simon, 1882) – Europe, Turkey
  • (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – Kazakhstan, Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan
  • (Logunov & Rakov, 1998) – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan
  • (Danilov & Logunov, 1994) – Russia (South Siberia)
  • Attulus caricis (Westring, 1861) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Mongolia
  • (Peckham & Peckham, 1888) – Mexico
  • (Schenkel, 1936) – China
  • (Prószyński, 1980) – North America, Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East)
  • (Chyzer, 1891) – Southern Europe, Ukraine, Russia (Caucasus)
  • (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – Karakorum, China
  • Attulus distinguendus (Simon, 1868) (type) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, China
  • (Logunov & Rakov, 1998) – Kazakhstan
  • (Logunov, 1998) – Russia (South Siberia)
  • (Roewer, 1951) – Pakistan
  • (L. Koch, 1870) – Europe, Russia (Europe, West Siberia)
  • Attulus eskovi (Logunov & Wesołowska, 1995) – Russia (Far East)
  • Attulus fasciger (Simon, 1880) – Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East), China, Korea, Japan. Introduced to North America
  • Attulus finschi (L. Koch, 1879) – USA, Canada, Russia (West Siberia to Far East)
  • Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) – Canada, USA, Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Central Asia, China, Japan
  • (Kulczyński, 1895) – Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East), China, Korea, Japan. Introduced to North America
  • (Ovtsharenko, 1978) – Caucasus (Russia, Georgia)
  • Ono & Ogata, 2018 – Japan
  • Attulus inexpectus (Logunov & Kronestedt, 1997) – Europe, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Russia (Europe to West Siberia), Kazakhstan, Central Asia
  • (Logunov, 1992) – Ukraine, Russia (Urals), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
  • (Kishida, 1910) – Japan
  • (Logunov, 1992) – Iran, Turkmenistan
  • (Logunov, 1992) – Kazakhstan
  • (Canestrini, 1873) – Alps (France, Italy, Switzerland, Austria)
  • (Logunov, 1993) – Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Russia (South Siberia), China
  • (Logunov, 1992) – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
  • Kishida, 1910) – Japan
  • (Kishida, 1910) – Japan
  • Attulus nenilini (Logunov & Wesolowska, 1993) – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
  • (Hu, 2001) – China
  • (Simon, 1880) – Nepal to China
  • (Simon, 1875) – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, China, Korea, Japan
  • Attulus penicilloides (Wesolowska, 1981) – North Korea
  • Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Afghanistan. Introduced to USA
  • (Logunov, 1992) – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
  • (Logunov, 1998) – Caucasus (Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan), Iran
  • (Simon, 1937) – France
  • (C. L. Koch, 1837) – Europe
  • (Dönitz & Strand, 1906) – Japan
  • (Dönitz & Strand, 1906) – Japan
  • Attulus saltator (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1868) – Europe, Turkey, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan
  • (Schenkel, 1963) – China, Korea?
  • (Emerton, 1911) – USA, Canada
  • (Dönitz & Strand, 1906) – Japan
  • (Emerton, 1891) – Canada, USA
  • Attulus talgarensis (Logunov & Wesolowska, 1993) – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
  • (Logunov, 1991) – Russia (South Siberia)
  • Attulus terebratus (Clerck, 1757) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Mongolia
  • (Kulczyński, 1895) – Ukraine, Russia (Europe), Turkey, Caucasus, Iran, Kazakhstan, Central Asia
  • (Logunov, 1998) – Kazakhstan
  • Simon, 1877 – Europe, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d "Gen. Attulus Simon, 1889". World Spider Catalog Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2020-08-17.
  2. ^ Simon, E. (1889). "Arachnidae transcaspicae ab ill. Dr. G. Radde, Dr. A. Walter et A. Conchin inventae (annis 1886-1887)". Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. 39: 373–386.
  3. ^ a b c d Maddison, W.P.; Maddison, D.R.; Derkarabetian, S. & Hedin, M. (2020), "Sitticine jumping spiders: phylogeny, classification, and chromosomes (Araneae, Salticidae, Sitticini)", ZooKeys (925): 1–54, doi:10.3897/zookeys.925.39691, PMC 7160194, PMID 32317852
  4. ^ Prószyński, J. (2017), "Revision of the genus Sitticus Simon, 1901 s.l. (Araneae: Salticidae)", Ecologica Montenegrina, 10: 35–50, doi:10.37828/em.2017.10.7
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