Snow (musician)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the Japanese pop singer, see Snow (Japanese singer).
Snow
Snow in 2019
Snow in 2019
Background information
Birth nameDarrin Kenneth O'Brien
Born (1969-10-30) October 30, 1969 (age 51)
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Genres
Occupation(s)
  • Musician
  • rapper
  • singer
Instruments
  • Vocals
  • guitar
  • toasting
Years active1989–present
Labels
Associated actsMC Shan
Websitewww.daddysnow.com

Darrin Kenneth O'Brien (born October 30, 1969), known by his stage name Snow, is a Canadian reggae musician, rapper and singer. His 1992 single "Informer" spent seven weeks at No. 1 on the US Billboard Hot 100.[1]

Early life[]

Snow was born and raised in the North York district of Toronto, Ontario.[2] For much of his childhood, he lived in the Allenbury Gardens public housing project, and at the age of 17 he moved to Ajax, Ontario. Growing up in a diverse neighbourhood, O'Brien blended dancehall and reggae with rock and popular music to create his own unique style of music. In 1988, Jamaican-born DJ Marvin Prince witnessed O'Brien deejaying at a party and the two quickly became friends. For the next few years, they practiced in Prince's basement with Snow providing vocals and Prince playing records.

Career[]

While on a trip to New York City, Prince mentioned Snow to rap star M.C. Shan. Shan then invited Snow to New York and introduced him to music producers, David Eng and Steve Salem. Snow eventually signed a contract to record on their Motorjam/Elektra record label and in 1993 released his debut album 12 Inches of Snow.[2]

While Snow served prison time for an attempted murder charge, M.C. Shan, David Eng, Steve Salem, and Marvin Prince promoted the recordings.[2] Upon his release from prison, Snow's first single "Informer", written by Snow, M.C. Shan, and Edmond Leary,[3] became a chart-topping hit. The album sold over 8 million records worldwide, with the "Informer" single remaining number 1 on the American Billboard charts for seven consecutive weeks. "Informer" has been recorded twice in the Guinness Book of World Records as the best selling reggae single in US history, as well as the highest charting reggae single in history. A second single, "Girl I've Been Hurt", reached Number 19 on the Hot 100.[4] In Japan, Snow received the Recording Industry Association of Japan's 1994 Gold Disc Award for Best New Artist.[5]

Origin of stage name[]

As the government of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau continued reforming immigration policies, instituting social reforms, and promoting multiculturalism in Canada, a larger influx of Jamaicans immigrated into the Greater Toronto Area.[6] One of Snow's neighbouring Jamaican families, the Browns, first introduced the teenager to reggae and began calling him "Snow" and "Snow White". With the help of his neighbours, Snow began borrowing and ordering reggae dub tapes to perform over. After he befriended Marvin Prince, Prince began referring to Snow with a phrased backronym meaning "Superb Notorious Outrageous Whiteboy". Snow never claimed the title himself and simply continued to perform with the stage name of Snow.[7][8]

Legal disputes over production of 12 Inches of Snow[]

While touring as Snow's DJ in December 1994, Marvin Prince abruptly left the tour after discovering Snow, according to court documents, "was receiving more money from management than he was." While listed as only the co-writer of the song "Runway" on the 12 Inches of Snow album, Prince claimed to have co-written five songs and co-produced the album with Shan, Eng, and Salem. Furthermore, Prince alleged in court that Eng and Salem provided "a draft of a multi-album production and recording agreement" for both Snow and himself. Unable to understand the contract, Prince allegedly "sent a copy to his mother to get legal advice from her friend" and "never saw the agreement again." Moreover, Prince claimed to have entered an "oral agreement" with Snow implying that the two would share profits from the album "fifty-fifty." The first agreement, Prince alleged, occurred "in 1990, when the two men began working together on songs in Prince's basement and he "allegedly suggested to" Snow, "if something comes out of this, let's be partners." The second oral agreement, according to Prince, took place in August 1991 while Snow auditioned for Shan. While Snow frequently referred to Prince as his partner in promotional videos, he claimed to have used the term "only in the slang sense." Prince, moreover, "admitted that these discussions were not concrete; the parties never organized a formal business plan, nor was plaintiff in New York to advance defendant's career."[9]

Shan, Eng, and Salem testified that they were unaware of a partnership between Snow and Prince, and Shan denied that Prince co-produced 12 Inches of Snow and co-wrote the five songs in question. While initially winning a $1.5 million judgment, the court overturned the original ruling and dismissed Prince's suit on grounds that he had "no viable claims" to a partnership with Snow.[10][11]

Snow told the Toronto Sun, "I don't talk to him [Prince] no more. After he pulled his stunts, saying he did this and this when he really didn’t do nothing." Snow continued, "I just don’t bring nobody into the studio anymore, people sittin’ there and at the end of it think they did everything."[12]

In a 2019 interview, Prince recounted his history with Snow and described how he mentored, recorded demos for, scheduled showcase performances for, and ultimately, arranged for Snow to audition for MC Shan. Prince recounted how he and Snow wrote Informer over the phone while Snow was serving his sentence at Maplehurst Correctional Complex. Prince recalled playing Junior Reid’s Foreign Mind over the phone, and Snow used the track's flute melody as the basis for Informer. Parts of the first verse and third verse of Informer, according to Prince, were reworked from Eek-A-Mouse’s performance of Tell Them at 1981 Sunsplash. Originally, Prince alleges, the final verse of Informer was written and performed by a second vocalist, named “Little Red.”[13]

Prince maintains that the judge who overturned the original ruling did so illegally, and he believes race played a role in the judge’s decision. [14]

Co-producer and co-writer Edmond Leary later claimed M.C. Shan unfairly received most of the production credits for 12 Inches of Snow. He told Vice, "So actually, if you want the truth of the matter, if we hadn’t done it equally and had to split up the money I would have gotten 70% of writer’s [royalties] off that album they probably would have split up 30, because I wrote most of that album. Most of the words were mine, and the ideas and structures and backgrounds in the vocal booth with me telling him what keys to sing the harmonies in and what have you. So I had a lot to do with that sound that became so popular and went Platinum." After struggling with a cocaine addiction and homelessness, in 2013 Leary was a street performer at Madison Square Park and Union Square. [15]

International success[]

In the mid-1990s, Snow's executive producer David Kenneth Eng broadened his artistic horizons and deepened his personal and spiritual roots by establishing a base in Asia. Eng included Snow as part of this expansion, leading the Canadian artist into a new market.[16] As a follow-up to 12 Inches of Snow, Snow recorded his second album Murder Love in Jamaica, Canada, and New York. While not a commercial success in North America, the album featured Snow performing with reggae and dancehall musicians Ninjaman, Junior Reid, Half Pint, Buju Banton, Beenie Man, Dave Kelly, and Sly and Robbie.[17] The "Anything for You" remix became a club favorite and, according to Billboard's Elena Oumano, made Snow a figure of respect on the Jamaican music scene.[18][19] Indeed, "Anything For You" became the top-selling single in Jamaica in 1995 and "Si Wi Dem Nuh Know We" also reached the number one slot in Jamaica.[20][21] Murder Love proved to be a popular album in Asia, with the single "Sexy Girl" remaining on Japan's Top Singles chart for 16 weeks, ultimately reaching number one.[22][23] The success of Murder Love allowed Snow to tour Asia and collaborate with Thai rap artist Joey Boy. In 1996, Eng created Dimsum Entertainment, producing Joey Boy's album Fun, Fun, Fun. Ultimately, Snow performed on the chart-topping Thai single "Fun, Fun, Fun" and appeared in the music video. Joey Boy returned the favor by appearing on Snow's Thai single "Me and Joey". In 2008, Snow also featured Joey Boy on the track "Catch a Kick".[24][25]

That same year, Snow collaborated with Cyndi Lauper on Junior Vasquez's Homegrown and Sly and Robbie's Pop Goes the Dancehall remix of "Girls Just Want to Have Fun", retitled "Hey Now (Girls Just Want to Have Fun)". By the end of 1996, Murder Love's "Si We Dem Nuh Know We" received a Juno nomination for Best Reggae Recording. Overall, the album produced three music videos: "Anything For You", "Anything For You (All Star Cast Remix)", and "Sexy Girl". In the film , Snow appears performing "Rivertown".[26]

Snow followed up Murder Love with an album named after his daughter, Justuss. The first single "Boom Boom Boogie" took Asia by storm, achieving gold status with the music video appearing on MTV Japan five to six times a day. Released in the United States and Canada in 1997, the single "If This World Were Mine" failed to chart but the video regularly appeared on The Box. The album reached number 12 on the U.S. reggae charts and in 1998 was nominated for Best Reggae album at the Juno Awards in Vancouver, British Columbia.[27] In late 1997, Snow released a "Greatest Hits" compilation, called The Greatest Hits of Snow.[28][29]

In 1999, Snow reunited with M.C. Shan, producing the album Cooler Conditions in Japan. The only single, "The Plumb Song", spent eight weeks on the Japan Singles chart, peaking at number 27.[30] It was recorded at Metalworks Studios in Mississauga, Ontario.

Return to the Canadian charts[]

In 2000, Snow signed to Virgin Music Canada.[31] Later that year, he released the album Mind on the Moon. The single "Everybody Wants to Be Like You" landed Snow back on the Canadian Singles chart and earned him three Juno nominations.[32][33]

In 2002, Snow worked with Shaggy and Blu Cantrell's producer to record Two Hands Clapping. "Legal", the first single, reached number 13 on the Canadian Singles Chart.[34]

2009–2013[]

In November 2009, Snow's then-common law wife and the subject of many of his songs, Tamei Edberg, was diagnosed with cancer; she died three weeks later on November 27, 2009 at the age of 41. With Tamei, Snow has a daughter, Justuss born in April of 1996 and of whom he was inspired to name his third album after respectively. In 2018 Snow became a grandfather, as Justuss gave birth to a son, Lyrix Tre. Justuss was featured on the song "J Dot" when she was six years old on his sixth and most recent full-length album to date, Two Hands Clapping (2002). He also has another daughter from another relationship, who was born in January of the same year (making his two daughters just three months apart). On June 24, 2010 Snow held a fundraiser called "ClosURE For Cancer" at Alley Catz Restaurant in Toronto during which they raised $15,000.[35] Snow also started his own non-governmental organization called "Pure Snow NGO," which assists "tenants living in non-profit housing". Periodically, Snow releases new songs from his site and over the internet.[36]

In 2013, after Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer complained about the company's "hold" music during a fourth-quarter earnings call, Snow and the Jingle Punks recorded a much publicized jingle for Yahoo. The lyrics went, "You're on hold / Hold on at Yahoo / Gimme a second while I patch you through," goes the first verse. "The CEO didn't like the hold music / So Daddy Snow wrote this jam for you."[37]

2014–present[]

In summer 2014 while in Miami, Florida, Snow signed with Bugatti Music Entertainment and teamed up with Grammy-winning producers Cool & Dre, Kent Jones and Scott Storch and began recording again.[38]

On October 2, 2014, Snow's new single "Shame" was released, featuring Mykal Rose (Black Uhuru).[39] On October 11, 2014, Snow announced that all proceeds from "Shame" will be donated to the fight against cancer.

In May 2016, Snow married model/actress Tara Elizabeth Singh at St. Anselm Catholic Church in Toronto. CTV News covered the ceremony and local radio station KISS 92.5 interviewed the newlyweds on The Roz and Mocha Show on May 22, 2016.[40]

On June 19, 2017, Snow was awarded the Socan Classics 100,000 Radio Performances in Canada for commemorating more than 100k times his music has played on radio.[41]

On January 23, 2019, Puerto Rican rapper Daddy Yankee released the reggaeton and dancehall song "Con Calma" featuring Snow, which has been described as a remake or reimagination of "Informer".[42] The single peaked at number 22 on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Snow's first entry on the chart since 1993,[43] and reached number one on the US Hot Latin Songs list. Internationally, the track topped the charts of five Spanish-language countries and reached the top 10 in 10 others in Latin America. Across Europe, the song entered the charts of numerous countries, peaking at number 14 in Italy and number 23 in Switzerland. In the Netherlands, the song rose to number one in April 2019. "Con Calma" also became Snow's first entry on the Canadian Hot 100 chart after debuting at number 99 in February 2019. It eventually peaked at number 6. [44] [45] [46]

On October 17, 2019, Snow and his wife Tara O'Brien attended the 5th Annual Latin American Music Awards in Hollywood, California at the Dolby Theatre. Snow was nominated for three awards.[47]

Snow and his wife Tara O'Brien on the pink carpet at the Premio Lo Nuestro Awards

In February 2020, Snow won four awards Song of the Year with Daddy Yankee for "Con Calma" at Premio Lo Nuestro Awards.[citation needed]

In March 2020, Snow was given the Pop Music Award from SOCAN.[citation needed]

Snow and Daddy Yankee won the Top Latin Song of the Year at the 2020 Billboard Music Awards, and "Con Calma" wins big at the Latin Billboard Music Awards on October 21, 2020, with Snow taking home six awards. Snow attended the awards with Tara O'Brien in Florida.[citation needed]

Television and film appearances[]

Drew Carey, a long time Snow fan, had Snow record a reggae version of The Drew Carey Show theme song, "Moon Over Parma", for the series' eighth and ninth seasons.[48]

In 2001, Snow played a prison guard in the film Prison Song.[49] Snow appears as himself in the 2012 film The Movie Out Here produced by Canadian brewing company Kokanee and Alliance Films.

In 2015, Snow and his then-fiancée, Tara Elizabeth, appeared on a CBC webseries called True Dating Stories[50] to tell the story of one of their first dates: A walk in a ravine turned police operation. Their episode was the most watched and the entire series won Best Web Series at the Hollywood Comedy Shorts Film Festival.

Ethnicity and Canadian identity[]

In Ethnicity, Politics, and Public Policy: Case Studies in Canadian Diversity, Rebecca J. Haines examined Snow as a symbol of Canadian ethnic identity. Instead of hiding his "whiteness" and "Canadian-ness," Haines argues, Snow proudly boasts of his Irish heritage and pride in his family, the O'Briens, and traces his reggae roots to the diverse community of Allenbury. While other artists, such as Snoop Dogg, don a Toronto Maple Leafs jersey because of its resemblance to cannabis, "in the video for his single Anything For You, shot on location in Jamaica, the white Canadian reggae artist Snow is seen wearing the same jersey, perhaps in an attempt to proclaim his Canadian roots among the all-black cast of this video."[51]

Many reggae purists viewed Snow, along with Ini Kamoze, Diana King, UB40, Shaggy and Shabba Ranks, as another example of "watered down" commercial reggae that rose to international popularity in the 1990s.[52] The sketch comedy show In Living Color, parodied "Informer" by featuring fellow Canadian Jim Carrey as Snow in a sketch titled "Imposter".[53]

In 1996, WBLS New York disc jockey Pat McKay observed, "purists have a problem with a non-Jamaican doing reggae. But I choose to think of it as the greatest compliment to reggae culture, and Snow is a genuine, dedicated artist. He has a fine singing voice, he's a great writer, and he very generously includes other artists in all of his work. His authenticity amplifies the realities of his generation, and his sensitivity conjures up intimacy with all of his love songs."[54]

Discography[]

Studio albums[]

Year Album Peak chart positions Certifications
CAN
[55] 		JP
[56] 		US
[57] 		US R&B
[57] 		US Reggae
[57]
1993 12 Inches of Snow 3 — 5 12 4
1995 Murder Love
  • Released: February 21, 1995
  • Label: East West Records
 — 14 — — 1
1997 Justuss
  • Released: January 14, 1997
  • Label: East West Records
 — — — — 12
1999 Cooler Conditions
  • Released: September 13, 1999
  • Label: JVC
 — — — — —
2000 Mind on the Moon
  • Released: August 15, 2000
  • Label: EMI
 45 — — — —
2002 Two Hands Clapping
  • Released: November 19, 2002
  • Label: Virgin Music
 — — — — —

Compilation albums[]

  • The Greatest Hits of Snow (1997)

Remix albums[]

  • Best Remix of Snow (1998)

Singles[]

Year Title Peak positions Certifications Album
CAN
[60][61]
[62] 		AUS
[63] 		IRE
[64] 		NED
[63] 		NZ
[63] 		SWE
[63] 		UK
[65] 		US
[66] 		US R&B
[1]
1993 "Informer" 9 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 10 12 Inches of Snow
"Girl I've Been Hurt" 28 26 20 28 17 37 48 19 78
"Uhh in You" — — — — — — 67 — —
1994 "Si Wi Dem Nuh Know We" (featuring Ninjaman & Junior Reid) — — — — — — — — — Murder Love
1995 "Sexy Girl" 80 — — — — — — — —
1997 "Boom Boom Boogie" — — — — — — — — — Justuss
"Anything for You" (All Star Cast Remix) (featuring Nadine Sutherland) 74 — — — — — — — —
1999 "Someday Somehow" — — — — — — — — — Cooler Conditions
2000 "Everybody Wants to Be Like You" 2 — — — — — — — — Cooler Conditions and Mind on the Moon
"Jimmy Hat" — — — — — — — — —
"The Plumb Song" — — — — — — — — —
2001 "Joke Thing" — — — — — — — — — Mind on the Moon
"Nothin' on Me" — — — — — — — — —
2002 "Legal" 13 — — — — — — — — Two Hands Clapping
2003 "That's My Life" (featuring Jelleestone) — — — — — — — — —
2008 "Just 4 U" (featuring Kobra Khan) — — — — — — — — — Non-album singles
2009 "Adore You" — — — — — — — — —
2014 "Shame" (featuring Mykal Rose) — — — — — — — — —
2018 "Informer" (Audiofreaks Remix) — — — — — — — — —
"Paye Nous" (featuring 2s, Ednocveli, YBG, and Lil C) — — — — — — — — —
2019 "Con Calma" (Daddy Yankee featuring Snow
or Daddy Yankee and Katy Perry featuring Snow) 		6 — 43
[67] 		4 — 21
[68] 		66 22 — El Disco Duro

Awards and nominations[]

Latin Billboard Music Awards

Year Nominee / work Award Result Ref.
2020 "Con Calma" Latin Rhythm Song of The Year Won
Won
Airplay Song of The Year Won
Hot Latin Song of The Year Won
Hot Latin Song Vocal Event of The Year Won
Digital Song of The Year Won
Crossover Artist of The Year Nominated
Top Latin Song of The Year Won


Billboard Music Awards

Year Nominee / work Award Result Ref.
1993 Snow Top Hot 100 Artist - Male Nominated [72]
"Informer" Top Rap Song Nominated
12 Inches of Snow Top Reggae Album Nominated
2020 Con Calma - Daddy Yankee & Snow Top Latin Song of The Year Won

Juno Awards

Year Nominee / work Award Result
1994 "Informer" Best Reggae Recording Won
1994 Snow Best Male Vocalist Nominated
1994 12 Inches of Snow Best Album Nominated
1996 "Si Wi Dem Nuh Know We" Best Reggae Recording Nominated
1998 "Justuss" Best Reggae Recording Nominated
2001 Snow Best Male Artist Nominated
2001 Snow/Patterson Best Song Writer Nominated
2001 Mind on the Moon Best Pop Album Nominated
2002 "The Plumb Song" Best Video Nominated
2003 "Two Hands Clapping" Best Reggae Recording Nominated

Latin Grammy Awards

Year Nominee / work Award Result
2019 "Con Calma"
(Shared with Daddy Yankee) 		Best Urban Fusion/Performance[73] Nominated

Lo Nuestro Awards

Year Nominee / work Award Result
2020 "Con Calma"
(Shared with Daddy Yankee) 		Song of the Year[74] Won
Single of the Year Won
Crossover Collaboration of the Year Won
Urban Song of the Year Won
Urban Collaboration of the Year Nominated

Recording Industry Association of Japan

Year Nominee / work Award Result
1994 Snow Best New Recording Artist[75] Won

Society of Composers, Authors, and Music Publishers of Canada Video Award

Year Nominee / work Award Result
2020 "" Socan Pop Music Award Won
2001 "Everybody Wants to Be Like You" Much Music Top Video[76] Won

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b Billboard Allmusic.com (Retrieved March 3, 2010)
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c Snow's early background is provided by Snow in 12 Inches of Snow, VHS (New York: A-Vision, 1993); SNOW, DVD, (Toronto: EMI Virgin Canada, 2003); and testimony from O'Brien, M.C. Shan and Prince is taken from Prince V. O'Brien, see: https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=13886394386652351580&q=Prince+v.+O%27BRIEN,+256+AD2d+208&hl=en&as_sdt=100000000000002&as_vis=1 For further biographical information, see Dennis Hunt, "A Hot Reggae Artist Named Snow," Los Angeles Times, March 25, 1993, 10C; Mary Talbot with Jennifer Boeth, "A Blizzard Headed Our Way," Newsweek, March 29, 1993, 47; and Anne Trebbe, "Hard Core Jamaican Style Rap is Snow's Business," USA Today, April 1, 1993, 3d.
  3. ^ According to the official credits, Darrin O'Brien, M.C. Shan, and Edmond Leary officially wrote Informer. See 12 Inches of Snow, CD (New York: East-West Records, 1993). Years later, after Snow and Prince had their falling out, Prince unsuccessfully sued Snow for compensation. See Betsey Powell, "Snow Vindicated: Court Overturns 1.5 Million Judgement," Toronto Star, January 21, 1999, 1.
  4. ^ For the Guinness Book of World Records, see: Mark Young and Chris McWhirter, The Guinness Book of Records 1999(Guinness Records, 1998), 236–37. See Mike Ross, "Snow Alert," Jam, October 14, 2000. Available Online at: http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Artists/S/Snow/2000/10/14/749728.html. Accessed September 14, 2010. For a synopsis of the success of Informer see http://www.artistdirect.com/artist/bio/snow/495020
  5. ^ See: RIAJ Certification Awards, www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/gdlist/pdf/gd1-20_list.pdf (Accessed November 3, 2010).
  6. ^ For a brief overview of Jamaican immigration and identity, see: T. A. Jones, "Race, Place, and Social Mobility of Jamaicans in Toronto," in Frazier, John W., ed. and Edward, Joe T. The African Diaspora in the United States and Canada at the Dawn of the 21st Century (New York: SUNY University, 2009), 80–86.
  7. ^ Bill Delingatt, "Shoveling Snow with DKO," Cashbox Magazine, October 2, 2009, 1.
  8. ^ The origin of Snow's stage name is also a central issue in the legal battle between Marvin Prince and Darrin O'Brien. See the following court documents: Prince v. O'brien, 256 AD 2d 208 1998 683 NY 2d 504. Also available online: https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=13886394386652351580&q=Prince+v.+O%27Brien,+234+A.D.2d&hl=en&as_sdt=100000000000002&as_vis=1.
  9. ^ See O'Brien v. Prince, https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=13886394386652351580&q=Prince+v.+O%27BRIEN,+256+AD2d+208&hl=en&as_sdt=100000000000002&as_vis=1
  10. ^ "Prince v. O'BRIEN, 256 AD2d 208 – Google Scholar". Scholar.google.com. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  11. ^ See: Betsey Powell, "Snow Vindicated: Court Overturns 1.5 Million Judgement," Toronto Star, January 21, 1999, 1.
  12. ^ Jim Slotek, "Clear Skies After Legal Snow Storm, Toronto Sun, January 27, 1999, 1.
  13. ^ Entertainment Report Podcast,"DJ Marvin Prince," Jun 7, 2019. Accessed May 16, 2020.
  14. ^ Entertainment Report Podcast,"DJ Marvin Prince," Jun 7, 2019. Accessed May 16, 2020.
  15. ^ https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/r74z46/the-guy-who-produced-snows-informer-now-makes-bubbles-in-madison-square-park
  16. ^ See David Kenneth Eng's personal website: http://davidkennetheng.com/More_About_DK_Eng.html. Accessed September 14, 2010.
  17. ^ See Peter Howell, "Pop," Toronto Star, February 25, 1995, K14; For Collaborations, see the credits for: Snow, Murder Love, CD (New York: East/West, 1995).
  18. ^ For the Billboard article, see: Elena Omanu, "Snow Displays Versatility, Growth on Justuss", Billboard, December 14, 1996, 9.
  19. ^ For an example of the continued popularity of "Anything For You," see Andre Jebbinson, "Mellow Vibes, Musice and Crowd," Jamaica Gleaner News, May 2, 2006.
  20. ^ Jamaican sales and charting data for "Anything For You" can be found in Kevin O'Brien Chang and Wayne Chen, Reggae Routes: The Story of Jamaican music (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998), 211.
  21. ^ Jamaican charting data for "Si Wi Dem Nuh Know We" can be found in Pace (Johannesburg: Pace-Maker, 1995), 41.
  22. ^ See Japan charts for February 1995, with "Sexy Girl" reaching number one and remaining on the charts for 16 weeks.
  23. ^ For an online source see Super B.P.M Charts Tokyo at: http://www.sound.jp/tnsn/az/tokio-bpm_f.html
  24. ^ For more on Joey Boy and Snow, see "Joey Boy Has Fun With Snow," Billboard, November 23, 1996, 67.
  25. ^ "More About DK Eng". Davidkennetheng.com. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  26. ^ For a collection of Snow's videos, see the VHS video: The Greatest Hits of Snow (Tokyo: East West Japan, 1998).
  27. ^ Elena Omanu, "Snow Displays Versatility, Growth on Justuss," Billboard, December 14, 1996, 9.
  28. ^ See Stephanie Thomas Erlewine of the All Music guide at: https://www.allmusic.com/album/r315363 Accessed September 14, 2010.
  29. ^ For "If This World Were Mine" on The Box, see: "Video Monitor", Billboard, May 17, 1997, 73.
  30. ^ Japan (Tokyo) Charts, July 1999 for 27 weeks.
  31. ^ "Snow Signs To Virgin Music Canada". Chart Attack. Archived from the original on June 24, 2003. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
  32. ^ See Mike Bell, "Snow Storm Returns," Jam, February 13, 2002. Available online at:http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Artists/S/Snow/2001/02/13/749727.html
  33. ^ See Mike Ross, "Snow Alert," Jam, October 14, 2000. Available Online at: http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Artists/S/Snow/2000/10/14/749728.html. Accessed September 14, 2010.
  34. ^ For more on Two Hands Clapping, see Gwen Michael, "Snow Dreams it All Up Again," Jam, November 19, 2002. Available online at: http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Artists/S/Snow/2002/11/19/749720.html; Karen Bliss, "Snow Cuts Demo With Blu Cantrell," Jam, October 10, 2001. Available online at: http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Artists/C/Cantrell_Blu/2001/10/10/743745.html; and Paul Cantin, "Snow: Snow Working with Shaggy's Producers," Jam, February 11, 2002. Available online at: http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Artists/S/Snow/2002/02/11/749725.html. Accessed September 14, 2010.
  35. ^ See "ClosURE For Cancer Fundraiser," Snap North Toronto. Available online at: http://www.snapnorthtoronto.com/index.php?option=com_sngevents&id[0]=183562. Accessed September 14, 2010.
  36. ^ See "Pure Snow NGO." Available online at: http://puresnowngo.com/snowNGO.html Archived January 7, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Accessed September 14, 2010.
  37. ^ See Ben Rayner, "Toronto Rapper Snow New Voice of Yahoo Telephone System," Toronto Star, February 6, 2013. Available online at: https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/2013/02/06/toronto_rapper_snow_new_voice_of_yahoo_telephone_system.html Accessed April 26, 2014.
  38. ^ Morgan, Simone (2014) "Looks like it’s gonna Snow", Jamaica Observer, October 12, 2014. Retrieved October 14, 2014</
  39. ^ Morgan, Simone (2014) "Looks like it’s gonna Snow", Jamaica Observer, October 12, 2014. Retrieved October 14, 2014
  40. ^ CTV Toronto https://toronto.ctvnews.ca/video?clipId=875526 Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  41. ^ For award information, see: SOCAN: https://www.socan.com/2017/ .Accessed May 15,2020
  42. ^ Billboard, "Daddy Yankee's Con Calma Challenges Best videos," February 1, 2019. Accessed May 15, 2020.
  43. ^ David Browne, "Winter Is Here: Inside the Return of ‘Informer’ Rapper Snow," Billboard, May 21, 2019. Accessed May 15, 2020.
  44. ^ platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on July 9, 2019 for units of over 660,000 sales plus track-equivalent streams.>
  45. ^ "Snow Chart History (Canadian Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved February 20, 2019.
  46. ^ "Con Calma" was certified triple platinum by the Spanish Music Producers (PROMUSICAE), double platinum by the Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana (FIMI), and gold by the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique (SNEP) and Music Canada.
  47. ^ McKenna Aiello, "2019 Latin AMAs Winners: The Complete List," E-News, October 17, 2019. Accessed May 15, 2020
  48. ^ See Jim Slotek, "Expect Snow on Drew Carey," Jam, September 20, 2002. Available online at: http://jam.canoe.ca/Television/TV_Shows/D/Drew_Carey_Show/2002/09/20/734583.html. Accessed September 14, 2010.
  49. ^ See Karen Bliss, "Snow to Star in De Niro Film," Jam, October 28, 1999. Available online at: http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Artists/S/Snow/1999/10/28/749729.html. Accessed September 14, 2010.
  50. ^ True Dating Stories: Tara (and Snow), October 20th, 2015. Available online at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tWgwx6D-1VI Accessed October 23, 2015.
  51. ^ Rebecca J. Haines, "Rap Music and Hip Hop Culture in Canada," in Ethnicity, Politics, and Public Policy: case studies in Canadian diversity, Eds., Harold Martin Trooper and Morton Weinfield, (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999): 65–66 and 72.
  52. ^ Kevin O'Brien Chang and Wayne Chen, Reggae Routes: The Story of Jamaican music (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998), 6–8.
  53. ^ Carrey's parody can be seen at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Icb_tRTnA4g (accessed October 30, 2010)
  54. ^ Elena Omanu, "Snow Displays Vesatility, Growth on Justuss, Billboard, December 14, 1996, 9.
  55. ^ 112–159 Archived October 20, 2012, at the Wayback Machine RPM
  56. ^ For Murder Love's peak position in Japan, see: http://www.geocities.jp/object_ori/950327a.html Archived October 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  57. ^ Jump up to: a b c Snow – Album & Song Chart History Billboard.com
  58. ^ "Snow Album Certifications". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved April 11, 2010.
  59. ^ Jump up to: a b "Gold/Platinum - Snow". Music Canada. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
  60. ^ "Snow Top Singles positions (97–155)". RPM. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved 2010-05-13.
  61. ^ "Snow – Billboard Singles". AllMusic. Retrieved 2010-05-13.
  62. ^ "Snow Chart History: Canadian Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved February 20, 2019.
  63. ^ Jump up to: a b c d International peaks
  64. ^ Search for Irish peaks
  65. ^ UK peaks
  66. ^ "Snow Chart History: Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
  67. ^ "IRMA – Irish Charts". Irish Recorded Music Association. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
  68. ^ "Veckolista Singlar, vecka 18". Sverigetopplistan. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
  69. ^ "Italian certifications – Snow" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Select "2019" in the "Anno" drop-down menu. Select "Snow" in the "Filtra" field. Select "Tutte le sezioni" under "Sezione".
  70. ^ "Con Calma – Daddy Yankee & Snow". Productores de Música de España. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
  71. ^ "French single certifications – Con Calma" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved December 11, 2019.
  72. ^ http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/1993/bbyearend.htm
  73. ^ Cobo, Leila (November 14, 2019). "Latin Grammys 2019 Winners: Complete List". Billboard. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
  74. ^ Fernandez, Suzette (February 20, 2020). "Daddy Yankee Wins Big at Premio Lo Nuestro 2020: See Full List". Billboard. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
  75. ^ For nomination and award, see riaj infor at: www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/gdlist/pdf/gd1-20_list.pdf (Accessed November 3, 2010).
  76. ^ "Songwriters and Publishers," Billboard, February 10, 2001, 48.

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