Family of sharks
Sleeper sharks
Somniosus microcephalus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Chondrichthyes
Order:
Squaliformes
Family:
Somniosidae D. S. Jordan , 1888
Diversity
6 genera, 20 species; See text .
The Somniosidae are a family of sharks in the order Squaliformes , commonly known as sleeper sharks .[1] The common name "sleeper shark" comes from their slow swimming, low activity level, and perceived non-aggressive nature.[2] [3]
Distribution and habitat [ ]
The Somniosidae can be found in:
Arctic to subantarctic waters
Shelves in cold waters
Continental and slopes
Temperate and tropical waters[4]
Diet [ ]
Beaks recovered from the stomachs of sleeper sharks suggest they feed on colossal squid .[5]
Genera and species [ ]
Centroscymnus Barbosa du Bocage & , 1864
Centroscymnus coelolepis Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864 (Portuguese dogfish)
Centroscymnus owstonii Garman , 1906 (roughskin dogfish)
Centroselachus Garman, 1913
Centroselachus crepidater Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864 (longnose velvet dogfish)
Scymnodalatias Garrick , 1956
Scymnodalatias albicauda & Garrick, 1986 (whitetail dogfish)
Scymnodalatias garricki Kukuyev & Konovalenko, 1988 (Azores dogfish)
Scymnodalatias oligodon Kukuyev & Konovalenko, 1988 (sparsetooth dogfish)
Scymnodalatias sherwoodi Archey , 1921 (Sherwood dogfish)
Scymnodon Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864
Scymnodon ichiharai & , 1984 (Japanese velvet dogfish)
Scymnodon macracanthus Regan , 1906 (largespine velvet dogfish)
Scymnodon plunketi Waite , 1910 (Plunket's shark)
Scymnodon ringens Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864 (knifetooth dogfish)
Somniosus Lesueur , 1818
Somniosus antarcticus Whitley , 1939 (southern sleeper shark)
Somniosus longus Tanaka, 1912 (frog shark)
Somniosus microcephalus Bloch & J. G. Schneider , 1801 (Greenland shark)
Somniosus pacificus Bigelow & Schroeder , 1944 (Pacific sleeper shark)
Somniosus rostratus Risso , 1827 (little sleeper shark)
Somniosus sp. A Not yet described (longnose sleeper shark)
Zameus D. S. Jordan & Fowler , 1903
Zameus squamulosus Günther , 1877 (velvet dogfish)
Hákarl [ ]
Greenland sharks of the family Somniosidae are hunted for food in Iceland . In modern times, many Greenlandic sharks used for hákarl production are purchased from fishing ships where the sharks were trapped in the fishing nets. The shark carcass is traditionally fermented in a shallow pit, with stones placed on top of the shark, allowing poisonous internal fluids, like urea and trimethylamine oxide, to be pressed and drained out of the body. The meat is then cured for several months, rendering it safe for human consumption.[6]
Sharks portal
References [ ]
^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2011). "Somniosidae" in FishBase . February 2011 version.
^ Erin McCarthy (December 18, 2014). "7 Cool Facts About Greenland Sharks" . MentalFloss.com. Retrieved August 17, 2016 .
^ Bruce A. Wright (December 8, 2000). "Sleeper Sharks Not So Sleepy" . Arctic Science Journeys, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Retrieved August 17, 2016 .
^ "Family Somniosidae - Sleeper sharks" . Fish Base. Retrieved 29 December 2012 .
^ Cherel, Y. & G. Duhamel 2004. "Antarctic jaws: cephalopod prey of sharks in Kerguelen waters" (PDF) .[permanent dead link ] (531 KB) Deep-Sea Research Part I 51 : 17–31.
^ Wheatley, Gale (20 September 2010). "Iceland's Wild Culinary Traditions: Hákarl and Brennivín" .
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