Sonora (snake)

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Sonora
Sonora semiannulata semiannulata, Ozark County, Missouri, by Peter Paplanus.jpg
Western ground snake (Sonora semiannulata)
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Colubridae
Subfamily: Colubrinae
Genus: Sonora
Baird & Girard, 1853
Type species
Sonora semiannulata
Synonyms[1]

Chilomeniscus, Chionactis, Contia, Homalocranium, Homalosoma, Lamprosoma, Ogmius, Scolecophis

Sonora is a small genus of small harmless colubrid snakes commonly referred to as ground snakes, which are endemic to North America.

Geographic range[]

They range through central and northern Mexico, and the Southwestern United States.

Habitat[]

They are sand dwellers.[2]

Species[]

Image Scientific name Common Name Distribution
(Cope, 1879) filetail ground snake
Sonora annulatus 12329147.jpg (Baird, 1859) Colorado Desert shovelnose snake SE California, Arizona, Baja California
Cope, 1861 Arizona ground snake, banded burrowing snake, horse snake, red and black ground snake, Sonora ringed snake[1] USA (S Arizona), Mexico (N Baja California Sur, W Sonora)
Kennicott, 1859 ground snake USA (Missouri, N Arkansas, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, SE Colorado, S/E New Mexico), Mexico (Coahuila)
Cope, 1892 variable sand snake, banded sand snake Mexico (Baja California)
(Dugès, 1884) Michoacán ground snake Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, Michoacan; Morelos, Puebla)
, 1938 Mosauer's ground snake Mexico (Baja California Sur)
, 1943 Michoacán ground snake Mexico (Jalisco, Nayarit, Aguascalientes, southern Zacatecas, S Sinaloa)
Chionactis occipitalis07.jpg Sonora occipitalis (Hallowell, 1854) western shovelnose snake USA (SE California, S Nevada, SW Arizona), Mexico (Baja California Norte)
Sonora palarostris (Klauber, 1937) Sonoran shovelnose snake USA (S Arizona), Mexico (Sonora)
, 1954 Savage's sand snake[3] Mexico (Baja California)
Sonora semiannulata semiannulata, Ozark County, Missouri, by Peter Paplanus.jpg Sonora semiannulata Baird & Girard, 1853 western ground snake USA (W Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Oklahoma, S Colorado, S Kansas, SW Missouri, SE Utah, California, Arkansas), Mexico (N Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Tamaulipas, NW Nuevo León, NE Durango)
Cope, 1860 variable sand snake, banded sand snake Mexico (S Baja California Sur, Sinaloa)
(Boulenger, 1894) ground snake[3] S Texas, adjacent Mexico

References[]

  1. ^ a b Wright AH, (1957). Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates, a division of Cornell University Press. 1,105 pp. (in 2 volumes). ("Genus Chilomeniscus", pp. 116–120; "Genus Sonora", pp. 669–692).
  2. ^ Goin CJ, , Zug GR (1978). Introduction to Herpetology, Third Edition. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. xi + 378 pp. ISBN 0-7167-0020-4. (Subfamily Colubrinae, Genus Sonora, p. 324).
  3. ^ a b Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Chilomeniscus savagei, p. 233; Sonora taylori, p. 262).

External links[]

Further reading[]

  • Baird SF, Girard CF (1853). Catalogue of North American Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Part I.—Serpents. Washington, District of Columbia: Smithsonian Institution. xvi + 172 pp. (Sonora, new genus, p. 117).
  • Conant R (1975). A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. xviii + 429 pp. ISBN 0-395-19979-4 (hardcover), ISBN 0-395-19977-8 (paperback). (Genus Sonora, p. 213).
  • Schmidt KP, Davis DD (1941). Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 365 pp. (Genus Sonora, p. 197).
  • Smith HM, (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. ISBN 0-307-13666-3 (paperback). (Genus Sonora, p. 166).


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