Spain at the 1992 Summer Paralympics

Spain at the
1992 Summer Paralympics
Spain at the; 1992 Summer Paralympics
IPC code	ESP
NPC	Spanish Paralympic Committee
Website	www.paralimpicos.es (in Spanish)
in Barcelona
Medals; Ranked 5th	Gold 34 Silver 31 Bronze 42 Total 107
Summer Paralympics appearances (overview)
	1968; 1972; 1976; 1980; 1984; 1988; 1992; 1996; 2000; 2004; 2008; 2012; 2016; 2020;

In 1992, Spain had competitors in archery, wheelchair basketball, swimming, weightlifting, shooting, boccia, cycling, fencing, judo, tennis, 7-per-side football, table tennis and athletics.^[1]

Spain won 34 gold medal, 31 silver medals and 42 bronze medals.^[1] Spain finished fifth in total medals.^[2]

Background[]

The Games were held in Barcelona. Competitors with spinal cord injuries, amputations, cerebral palsy, Les Autres and vision impairments were eligible to compete in these Games.^[3]

Hosting[]

In 1992, the Games were held at home for Spain, with the Games being staged in Barcelona.^[4] 82 countries participated.^[5] These were the first Games to be broadcast live on television.^[6] The Games used the same venues as the Summer Olympics.^[7]

Organizers decided to not charge an admission fee to events in order to attempt to foster interest locally in disability sport.^[8] Domestically, there was very little interest in the Paralympic Games when compared to the Olympic Games.^[2]

Intellectual disabilities[]

A separate competition was held in Madrid where competitors with intellectual disabilities competed that ran immediately following the completion of the 1992 Paralympics. The Games were sponsored by the Association Nacional Prestura de Servicio (ANDE) and sanctioned by the International Coordinating Committee of World Sport Organizations for the Disabled and the International Association of Sport for the Mentally Handicapped Spain led efforts to include competitors with intellectual disabilities into the Paralympic movement, creating an international federation for these competitors in 1986.^[9]^[10]^[11]

Archery[]

1 of Spain's silver medals came in archery. It was won by an archer with a physical disability.^[1]

Event	Gold	Silver	Bronze
Men's teams open	South Korea (KOR)	Spain (ESP) Antonio Rebollo	France (FRA)

Athletics[]

22 of Spain's gold medals, 14 silver medals and 12 bronze medals came in athletics. 35 medals were won by athletes with vision impairments, 9 by athletes with physical disabilities and 4 by athletes with cerebral palsy.^[1]

Event	Gold	Silver	Bronze
100 m B1 details	Sergei Sevastianov Unified Team		José Manuel Rodríguez Spain
100 m B1 details	Júlio Requena Spain		José Manuel Rodríguez Spain
100 m B2 details	Marcelino Paz Spain	Omar Turro Cuba	Miroslaw Pych Poland
200 m B1	Portugal	Julio Requena Spain	Darren Collins Australia
200 m B2	Marcelino Paz Spain	Germany	Omar Turro Cuba
200 m C8	Frank Bruno Canada	South Korea	Spain
400 m B2	Omar Turro Cuba	Jose Antonio Sanchez Spain	Germany
400 m C8	Frank Bruno Canada	Javier Salmeron Spain	José Manuel González Spain
800 m B2	Waldemar Kikolski Poland	Jose Antonio Sanchez Spain	Noel Thatcher Great Britain
800 m TS4	Javier Conde Spain	Patrice Gerges France	Unified Team
1500 m B2	Noel Thatcher Great Britain	Waldemar Kikolski Poland	Jose Antonio Sanchez Spain
1500 m TS4	Javier Conde Spain	Unified Team	China
5000 m B2	Mariano Ruiz Spain	Waldemar Kikolski Poland	France
5000 m TS4	Javier Conde Spain	China	Angel Marin Spain
10000 m TS4	Javier Conde Spain	Angel Marin Spain	Unified Team
Marathon B2 details	Stephen Brunt Great Britain	José Ortiz Spain	France
4 × 100 m relay B1–B3	Spain (ESP) Jorge Nunez Marcelino Paz Juan Antonio Prieto Júlio Requena	Great Britain (GBR)	United States (USA)
4 × 100 m relay C5–8	United States (USA) Freeman Register	Spain (ESP) Javier Salmeron Marcelino Saavedra José Manuel González	Portugal (POR)
4 × 400 m relay B1–B3	Spain (ESP) Jose Antonio Sanchez Sergio Sanchez Juan Antonio Prieto Enrique Sanchez	Great Britain (GBR) Noel Thatcher	Italy (ITA) Claudio Costa Aldo Manganaro
High jump B2 details	Alejo Velez Spain	Juan Carlos Prieto Spain	Malaysia
High jump B2 details	Alejo Velez Spain	Juan Carlos Prieto Spain	Akihito Motohashi Japan
Long jump B2	China	Juan Viedma Spain	Koichi Takada Japan
Long jump J4	Spain	Greece	Patrice Gerges France
Triple jump B1	José Manuel Rodríguez Spain	Sergei Sevastianov Unified Team	Great Britain
Triple jump B2	Juan Viedma Spain	Unified Team	China
Triple jump J3–4	China	China	Spain
Discus throw B1 details	Alfonso Fidalgo Spain	Germany	United States
Javelin throw B1	Jorge Mendoza Spain	United States	Mineho Ozaki Japan
Shot put B1	Alfonso Fidalgo Spain	Andres Martinez Spain	United States
Pentathlon B1	Sergei Sevastianov Unified Team	Lithuania	Jorge Mendoza Spain
Pentathlon B2	Miroslaw Pych Poland	Juan Antonio Prieto Spain	Frantisek Godri Czechoslovakia
Pentathlon PW3–4	Czechoslovakia	Jose Abal Spain	Kevin Saunders United States
100 m B1	Purificacion Santamarta Spain	Purificacion Ortiz Spain	Tracey Hinton Great Britain
100 m B2	Adria Santos Brazil	Rima Batalova Unified Team	Beatriz Mendoza Spain
200 m B1	Purificacion Santamarta Spain	Tracey Hinton Great Britain	Purificacion Ortiz Spain
200 m B2	Rima Batalova Unified Team	Marsha Green Australia	Beatriz Mendoza Spain
400 m B1	Purificacion Santamarta Spain	Tracey Hinton Great Britain	Lithuania
800 m B1	Purificacion Santamarta Spain	Lithuania	Czechoslovakia
1500 m B1	Czechoslovakia	Lithuania	Mayte Espinosa Spain
Long jump B1	Purificacion Ortiz Spain	Germany	Germany
Long jump B2	Unified Team	Magdalena Amo Spain	Ana Lopez Spain

Boccia[]

2 of Spain's gold medals came in boccia. Both were won by players with cerebral palsy.^[1]

Event	Gold	Silver	Bronze
Mixed individual C1	Antonio Cid Spain	United States	Henrik Jorgensen Denmark
Mixed team C1–C2	Spain (ESP) Antonio Cid	Denmark (DEN) Henrik Jorgensen	Ireland (IRL) Thomas Leahy William Johnston

Cycling[]

1 of Spain's gold medals and 3 bronze medals came in cycling. 2 medals were won by athletes with vision impairments, and 2 with physical disabilities.^[1]

Event	Gold	Silver	Bronze	South Korea
Men's road race LC1	France	Austria	Spain
Men's road race LC3	Austria	United States	Miguel Perez Spain
Men's tandem open	Germany (GER) Frank Hoefle	Netherlands (NED)	Spain (ESP) Juan Carlos Molina
Mixed tandem open	Spain (ESP) Belen Perez	United States (USA)	Italy (ITA)

Wheelchair fencing[]

1 of Spain's gold medals and 2 bronze medals came in fencing. All were won by fencers with physical disabilities.^[1]

Event	Gold	Silver	Bronze
Épée 2	Esther Weber Germany	Mariella Bertini Italy	Gema Victoria Hassen Bey Spain
Épée 3–4	Francisca Bazalo Spain	France	Italy
Team épée	Italy (ITA) Mariella Bertini	France (FRA)	Spain (ESP) Francisca Bazalo Gema Victoria Hassen Bey

Judo[]

1 of Spain's gold medals, 1 silver medal came in athletics. Both were won by athletes with vision impairments.^[1]

Event	Gold	Silver	Bronze
Men's 65 kg	Spain	Shinichi Ishizue Japan	Unified Team
Men's 65 kg	Spain	Shinichi Ishizue Japan	Great Britain
Men's 71 kg	Simon Jackson Great Britain	Mario Talavera Spain	Pier Morten Canada
Men's 71 kg	Simon Jackson Great Britain	Mario Talavera Spain	Japan

Shooting[]

1 of Spain's silver medals came in shooting. It was won by a shooter with a physical disability.^[1]

Event	Gold	Silver	Bronze
Mixed sport pistol SH1–3	Jan Boonen Belgium	Spain	Austria

Swimming[]

7 of Spain's gold medals, 14 silver medals and 22 bronze medals came in swimming. 9 medals were won by swimmers with vision impairments, 28 by swimmers with physical disabilities and 6 by swimmers with cerebral palsy.^[1]

Event	Gold	Silver	Bronze
50 m butterfly S5	Pascal Pinard France	France	Javier Torres Spain
50 m butterfly S6	France	Denmark	Jesus Iglesias Spain
50 m freestyle B2	Christopher Holmes Great Britain	Pablo Corral Spain	Kingsley Bugarin Australia
50 m freestyle B2	Christopher Holmes Great Britain	Pablo Corral Spain	Sweden
50 m freestyle S3	France	Spain	Great Britain
50 m freestyle S4	Pierre Bellot France	United States	Spain
50 m freestyle S6	Denmark	Jesus Iglesias Spain	United States
100 m breaststroke B1	Denmark	John Morgan United States	Spain
100 m breaststroke B2	Vitalii Krylov Unified Team	Kingsley Bugarin Australia	Spain
100 m breaststroke SB3	Germany	John Petersson Denmark	Javier Torres Spain
100 m breaststroke SB6	Germany	Sweden	Spain
100 m butterfly B1–2	John Morgan United States	Tim Reddish Great Britain	Pablo Corral Spain
100 m freestyle B2	Christopher Holmes Great Britain	Pablo Corral Spain	Tim Reddish Great Britain
100 m freestyle S3	France	Great Britain	Spain
100 m freestyle S4	Pierre Bellot France	Spain	Norway
100 m freestyle S6	Denmark	United States	Jesus Iglesias Spain
150 m individual medley SM3	France	Kenneth Cairns Great Britain	Spain
150 m individual medley SM4	Krzysztof Sleczka Poland	Javier Torres Spain	John Petersson Denmark
200 m backstroke B2	Christopher Holmes Great Britain	Spain	Ziv Better Israel
200 m breaststroke B2	Vitalii Krylov Unified Team	Kingsley Bugarin Australia	Spain
200 m freestyle S6	Denmark	Canada	Jesus Iglesias Spain
200 m individual medley B2	Christopher Holmes Great Britain	Kingsley Bugarin Australia	Pablo Corral Spain
200 m individual medley SM6	Eric Lindmann France	Belgium	Spain
400 m freestyle B2	Christopher Holmes Great Britain	Ziv Better Israel	Daniel Llambrich Spain
4×50 m freestyle relay S1–6	Spain (ESP) Juan Fuertes Javier Torres Jesus Iglesias	France (FRA) Pascal Pinard Eric Lindmann	Great Britain (GBR)
4×50 m medley relay S1–6	France (FRA) Eric Lindmann Pascal Pinard	Spain (ESP) Juan Fuertes Javier Torres Jesus Iglesias	United States (USA) Gregory Burns
50 m backstroke S2	Sonia Guirado Spain	Mairead Berry Ireland	France
50 m backstroke S3–4	Spain	Spain	Portugal
50 m breaststroke SB2	Tara Flood Great Britain	Spain	Netherlands
50 m butterfly S3–4	Tracy Barrell Australia	Spain	Netherlands
50 m freestyle S2	Norway	France	Sonia Guirado Spain
50 m freestyle S3–4	Spain	Spain	Tara Flood Great Britain
100 m breaststroke SB4	Sweden	Jenny Newstead New Zealand	Spain
100 m breaststroke SB9	Begona Reina Spain	Sweden	Germany
100 m butterfly S8	Laura Tramuns Spain	Silvia Vives Spain	Sweden
100 m butterfly S10	Claudia Hengst Germany	Ana Bernardo Spain	Judith Young Australia
100 m freestyle S2	Norway	France	Sonia Guirado Spain
100 m freestyle S3–4	Spain	Tara Flood Great Britain	Spain
400 m freestyle S10	Claudia Hengst Germany	Sarah Bailey Great Britain	Ana Bernardo Spain

Table tennis[]

3 of Spain's bronze medals came in table tennis. All medals were won by table tennis players with physical disabilities.^[1]

Event	Gold	Silver	Bronze
Open 6–10	Finland	Germany	Gilles de la Bourdonnaye France
Open 6–10	Finland	Germany	Enrique Agudo Spain
Singles 5	Hong Kong	France	South Korea
Singles 5	Hong Kong	France	Manuel Robles Spain
Singles 10	Germany	Gilles de la Bourdonnaye France	Austria
Singles 10	Germany	Gilles de la Bourdonnaye France	Enrique Agudo Spain

Wheelchair basketball[]

When Spain played the United States on the second day of competition, 12,500 people were in attendance. Organizers had to turn away 4,000 people who had wanted to attend.^[12] Philip Craven, future President of the International Paralympic Committee, played his first Paralympic Games wheelchair basketball at these games when he scored 30 points against the Spanish team.^[13]

References[]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k http://www.paralimpico.es/publicacion/5SC_juegos/259SS_juegosparal.asp
^ ^a ^b James Riordan; Arnd Krüger (1 January 2003). European Cultures in Sport: Examining the Nations and Regions. Intellect Books. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-84150-014-0. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
^ Karen P. DePauw; Susan J. Gavron (2005). Disability Sport. Human Kinetics 1. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-4504-0847-9. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
^ Centre of Excellence Defence Against Terrorism (1 January 2007). Amputee Sports for Victims of Terrorism. IOS Press. pp. 3–. ISBN 978-1-58603-808-3. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
^ Kristine Toohey; Anthony James Veal (2007). The Olympic Games: A Social Science Perspective. CABI. pp. 79–. ISBN 978-1-84593-346-3. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
^ Stephen Halliday (9 March 2012). Amazing & Extraordinary Facts - The Olympics. David & Charles. pp. 119. ISBN 978-1-4463-5617-3. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
^ Robert Daniel Steadward; Watkinson, E. J. (Elizabeth Jane); Garry David Wheeler (2003). Adapted Physical Activity. University of Alberta. pp. 483. ISBN 978-0-88864-375-9. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
^ David Howe (11 February 2008). The Cultural Politics of the Paralympic Movement: Through an Anthropological Lens. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-50609-7. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
^ Karen P. DePauw; Susan J. Gavron (2005). Disability Sport. Human Kinetics 1. p. 283. ISBN 978-1-4504-0847-9. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
^ "Madrid 1992 – the Paralympic Games that time forgot!". Paralympicanorak.wordpress.com. June 25, 2012. Retrieved October 13, 2012.
^ DePauw, Karen P; Rich, Sarah (Winter 1993). "Paralympics for the mentally handicapped". Palaestra. Vol. 9 no. 2. pp. 59–64.
^ Steve Bailey (28 February 2008). Athlete First: A History of the Paralympic Movement. John Wiley & Sons. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-470-72431-6. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
^ Horst Strohkendl (1996). The 50th Anniversary of Wheelchair Basketball: A History. Waxmann Verlag. pp. 66–. ISBN 978-3-8309-5441-5. Retrieved 22 July 2013.

[cpe2-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k http://www.paralimpico.es/publicacion/5SC_juegos/259SS_juegosparal.asp

[RiordanKrüger2003-2] James Riordan; Arnd Krüger (1 January 2003). European Cultures in Sport: Examining the Nations and Regions. Intellect Books. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-84150-014-0. Retrieved 22 July 2013.

[DePauwGavron2005-3] Karen P. DePauw; Susan J. Gavron (2005). Disability Sport. Human Kinetics 1. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-4504-0847-9. Retrieved 22 July 2013.

[Terrorism2007-4] Centre of Excellence Defence Against Terrorism (1 January 2007). Amputee Sports for Victims of Terrorism. IOS Press. pp. 3–. ISBN 978-1-58603-808-3. Retrieved 22 July 2013.

[TooheyVeal2007-5] Kristine Toohey; Anthony James Veal (2007). The Olympic Games: A Social Science Perspective. CABI. pp. 79–. ISBN 978-1-84593-346-3. Retrieved 22 July 2013.

[Halliday2012-6] Stephen Halliday (9 March 2012). Amazing & Extraordinary Facts - The Olympics. David & Charles. pp. 119. ISBN 978-1-4463-5617-3. Retrieved 22 July 2013.

[SteadwardJane)2003-7] Robert Daniel Steadward; Watkinson, E. J. (Elizabeth Jane); Garry David Wheeler (2003). Adapted Physical Activity. University of Alberta. pp. 483. ISBN 978-0-88864-375-9. Retrieved 22 July 2013.

[Howe2008-8] David Howe (11 February 2008). The Cultural Politics of the Paralympic Movement: Through an Anthropological Lens. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-50609-7. Retrieved 22 July 2013.

[DePauwGavron2005p283-9] Karen P. DePauw; Susan J. Gavron (2005). Disability Sport. Human Kinetics 1. p. 283. ISBN 978-1-4504-0847-9. Retrieved 22 July 2013.

[paralympicanorak-10] "Madrid 1992 – the Paralympic Games that time forgot!". Paralympicanorak.wordpress.com. June 25, 2012. Retrieved October 13, 2012.

[11] DePauw, Karen P; Rich, Sarah (Winter 1993). "Paralympics for the mentally handicapped". Palaestra. Vol. 9 no. 2. pp. 59–64.

[Bailey2008-12] Steve Bailey (28 February 2008). Athlete First: A History of the Paralympic Movement. John Wiley & Sons. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-470-72431-6. Retrieved 22 July 2013.

[Strohkendl1996-13] Horst Strohkendl (1996). The 50th Anniversary of Wheelchair Basketball: A History. Waxmann Verlag. pp. 66–. ISBN 978-3-8309-5441-5. Retrieved 22 July 2013.

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v t Nations at the 1992 Summer Paralympics in Barcelona, Spain
Africa	Algeria Burkina Faso Egypt Kenya Morocco Namibia Nigeria Seychelles South Africa Tanzania Tunisia
America	Argentina Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Ecuador Jamaica Mexico Panama Puerto Rico United States Uruguay Venezuela
Asia	Bahrain China Chinese Taipei Hong Kong India Iran Iraq Japan Kuwait Macau Malaysia Myanmar Oman Pakistan Philippines Singapore South Korea Syria Thailand United Arab Emirates Yemen
Europe	Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czechoslovakia Denmark Estonia Faroe Islands Finland France Germany Great Britain Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Unified Team Independent Paralympic Participants
Oceania	Australia New Zealand