Sphaeropleales

Sphaeropleales
Scientific classification
(unranked):	Viridiplantae
Phylum:	Chlorophyta
Class:	Chlorophyceae
Order:	Sphaeropleales; Luerssen
Families
	; ; Bracteamorphaceae; Characiaceae; ; ; Dictyochloridaceae; ; Hydrodictyaceae; Microsporaceae; ; Neochloridaceae; ; Radiococcaceae; ; Scenedesmaceae; ; ; Selenastraceae; Sphaeropleaceae; Treubariaceae; ;

Sphaeropleales is an order of green algae that used to be called Chlorococcales.^[1] The order includes some of the most common freshwater planktonic algae such as Scenedesmus and Pediastrum.^[2] The Spaeropleales includes vegetatively non-motile unicellular or colonial taxa that have biflagellate zoospores with flagella that are directly opposed in direction (the DO arrangement): Sphaeroplea, Atractomorpha, Neochloris, Hydrodictyon, and Pediastrum. All of these taxa have basal body core connections.^[1]

With an increase in the number of taxa for which sequence data are available, there is evidence of an expanded DO clade that includes additional zoosporic (Bracteacoccus, Schroederia) and some strictly autosporic genera such as Ankistrodesmus, Scenedesmus, Selenastrum, and Monoraphidium. The filamentous Microspora has been allied with the coccoid genus Bracteacoccus based on molecular data.

Monophyly of the DO clade is supported by phylogenetic analysis of multi-gene data.^[2]^[3]

References[]

^ ^a ^b Lewis, LA; McCourt, RM (2004). "Green algae and the origin of land plants". American Journal of Botany. 91 (10): 1535–1556. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535. PMID 21652308.
^ ^a ^b Leliaert, F; Smith, DR; Moreau, H; Herron, MD; Verbruggen, H; Delwiche, CF; De Clerck, O (2012). "Phylogeny and molecular evolution of the green algae" (PDF). Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 31: 1–46. doi:10.1080/07352689.2011.615705.
^ Tippery, NP; Fučíková, K; Lewis, PO; Lewis, LA (2012). "Probing the monophyly of the Sphaeropleales (Chlorophyceae) using data from five genes". Journal of Phycology. 48 (6): 1482–1493. doi:10.1111/jpy.12003. PMID 27009998.

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[LewisMcCourt2004-1] Lewis, LA; McCourt, RM (2004). "Green algae and the origin of land plants". American Journal of Botany. 91 (10): 1535–1556. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535. PMID 21652308.

[LeliaertSmith2012-2] Leliaert, F; Smith, DR; Moreau, H; Herron, MD; Verbruggen, H; Delwiche, CF; De Clerck, O (2012). "Phylogeny and molecular evolution of the green algae" (PDF). Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 31: 1–46. doi:10.1080/07352689.2011.615705.

[TipperyFučíková2012-3] Tippery, NP; Fučíková, K; Lewis, PO; Lewis, LA (2012). "Probing the monophyly of the Sphaeropleales (Chlorophyceae) using data from five genes". Journal of Phycology. 48 (6): 1482–1493. doi:10.1111/jpy.12003. PMID 27009998.

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