Sphecius

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Cicada killer wasps
Western CKs mating.jpg
Mating western cicada killers, Sphecius grandis (Big Bend, Texas, USA). The male is uppermost.
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Crabronidae
Tribe: Gorytini
Genus: Sphecius
Dahlbom, 1844
Type species
Sphecius speciosus
(Drury, 1773)
Species

Some 21, see text

Cicada killer wasps (genus Sphecius) are large, solitary, ground-dwelling, predatory wasps. They are so named because they hunt cicadas and provision their nests with them, after stinging and paralyzing them. Twenty-one species worldwide are recognized. The highest diversity occurs in the region between North Africa and Central Asia.

In North America, the term "cicada killer wasp" usually refers to the most well-known species, the eastern cicada killer (S. speciosus). A few other related genera also are sometimes referred to as "cicada killers", e.g. Liogorytes in South America and Exeirus in Australia.

The use of cicadas as prey is in keeping with the typical behavior of the tribe Gorytini, which tend to specialize on various members of the Cicadomorpha as prey items.

Species[]

Sphecius speciosus with prey. (Fitchburg, Massachusetts, USA)

This list of species is probably complete as of March 31, 2009. It has been adapted from the Catalog of Sphecius species (California Academy of Sciences). Notable subspecies are also given.

More recently, it has been suspected that the western cicada killer (S. grandis) represents more than one species. Also, some evidence suggests that either the eastern cicada killer (S. speciosus) has a subspecies or closely related species that mimics the Pacific cicada killer (S. convallis). Alternatively, when they were already well distinct species, significant hybridization has occurred between them, though not enough to fully overcome their reproductive isolation.[1]

  • (Klug, 1845) (Southern and Eastern Europe, Middle East, Central Asia)
  • Arnold, 1929 (South Africa)
  • Morice, 1911 (North Africa)
  • (Germar, 1817) (Balkans, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Greece)
    • Sphecius conicus creticus de Beaumont, 1965 (Crete)
    • Sphecius conicus syriacus (Klug, 1845) (Syria to China)
  • Sphecius convallis Patton, 1879 – Pacific cicada killer (Mexico: Baja California, Chihuahua, Jalisco, Nuevo León, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora; USA: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Washington)
  • (de Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar)
  • Sphecius grandis (Say, 1823) – western cicada killer (Costa Rica; Mexico: Baja California, Chihuahua, Jalisco, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Yucatán; Nicaragua; USA: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Washington)
  • Morice, 1911 (Algeria)
  • Sphecius hogardii (Latreille, 1806) – Caribbean cicada killer (Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, USA: southern Florida)
    • Sphecius hogardii bahamas Krombein, 1953 (Bahama Islands: Bimini)
  • Handlirsch, 1895 (Algeria)
  • (Radoszkowski, 1877) (Central Asia)
  • Handlirsch, 1895 (Indonesia: Timor, Sumbava)
  • R.Turner, 1915 (Zambia)
    • Sphecius milleri aurantiacus Arnold, 1940 (Ethiopia)
  • (Dufour, 1838) (Southern and Eastern Europe, North Africa)
  • (F.Smith, 1856) (Australia)
  • Gussakovskij, 1933 (Iran, Afghanistan)
  • (Gribodo, 1884) (Guinea, Somalia)
  • Roth, 1951 (North Africa)
  • Sphecius speciosus (Drury, 1773) – Eastern cicada killer (Central and North America: Honduras to Ontario, Canada)
  • (Taschenberg, 1875) – (Brazil, Argentina)
  • (Radoszkowski, 1877) (Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran)

References[]

  1. ^ Hastings, Jon M.; et al. (2008). "DNA barcoding of new world cicada killers (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1713: 27–38.

External links[]

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