Spice (bomb)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Spice
Spice bomb front.JPG
Close-up front view of a Spice-guided bomb
TypeGuided bomb
Place of originIsrael
Service history
In service2003
Used byIsraeli Air Force
Indian Air Force
Greek Air Force
Production history
ManufacturerRafael Advanced Defense Systems
Specifications
Mass453 kg, 907 kg, or 113 kg (1000, 2000, or 250 pounds)
WarheadMk. 83 or Mk. 84 warheads
Accuracy3 m CEP
Launch
platform
F-15, F-16, Panavia Tornado, Gripen, Mirage 2000, Sukhoi-30 MKI, Tejas Mk2

The "SPICE" ("Smart, Precise Impact, Cost-Effective") is an Israeli-developed, EO/GPS-guided guidance kit for converting air-droppable unguided bombs into precision guided bombs.

The featured guidance system is a derivative of the respective system used in the "Popeye" (AGM-142 Have Nap) air-to-surface missile. The "Spice" family of guided bombs are a product of an Israeli company Rafael Advanced Defense Systems. It achieved initial operational capability during 2003, in Israeli Air Force F-16 squadrons.

Introduction[]

The "Spice" munition is more advanced than most EO-guided bombs (GBU-15, for example), since it combines the advantages of satellite guidance (such as the ability to engage camouflaged and hidden targets; to provide a "drop-and-forget" option for several such targets simultaneously, and to operate in all weather and lighting conditions) and those of electro-optical guidance (such as the ability to provide "man-in-the-loop" guidance for extremely high precision; the ability to engage relocatable targets; lower CEP than that of satellite-guided munitions; and independence from external information sources like satellites) into one bomb – reducing the number of munitions (and hence, payload) that an aircraft has to carry for a given strike mission, increasing its combat radius and maneuverability. This multiple guidance methods selectability is especially important in an "information warfare" battlefield, where an aircraft might approach a surface target while it is, for example, masked with smoke (in which case satellite guidance would be required) or moving around (in which case electro-optical guidance would be required).

Another advantage of the "Spice" is its ability to be fed, preflight, with up to 100 different targets it may have to engage. The one target it will actually engage may then be selected, inflight, by an aircrewman.

Since it has a total of 12 control surfaces in 3 groups (fore, mid-body and tail), the "Spice" has a very long glide range, of about 60 kilometers. This allows a striking aircraft to release a bomb at a target without entering the threat envelope of most short- and medium-range air defense systems which might protect it. This is achieved while saving the higher costs associated with propelled munitions.

Operational history[]

On February 26, 2019, Indian Air Force claims that its Mirage 2000s targeted an alleged "militant training camp" near the town of Balakot in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan using SPICE 2000 munitions. This claim by the Indian government was not confirmed by the international sources.[1][2][3][4]

During the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis, Israeli Air Force used Spice bombs against Al-Sharouk Tower in Gaza. The attack destroyed two residential buildings.[5]

Operation[]

On the ground, an unguided bomb is fitted with a "Spice" guidance kit.

Still on the ground, each bomb's memory may be loaded with up to 100 different targets, complete with their image (usually acquired by imagery intelligence) and geographical coordinates.

The bomb is then loaded on a strike aircraft. In the pylon to which the bomb is attached, there is a data link between the aircraft's cockpit and the bomb.

As the aircraft flies in the air and approaches a target, either the weapon systems officer (WSO – the backseater in such aircraft as the F-15E Strike Eagle or F-16I Sufa) or pilot (in single-seat aircraft) can use the TV\IIR display in the cockpit to see the image the bomb sends to him. Once he selected one of the preprogrammed targets or fed the bomb with a target himself (by feeding it with either an image or geographical coordinates to home on), the bomb is ready for release into a guided trajectory.

Once the bomb is released, it begins searching its target to acquire it and home on it. This can be done in several ways:

First, there is pure CCD or IIR (for low lighting conditions) image matching, when the guidance section uses algorithms to match the target image in its memory with the image provided by the seeker, and align the center of the seeker's FOV with the desired image (guidance method known as DSMAC).

Second, if the CCD\IIR seeker can not acquire its target for any reason (such as visual obstructions), the bomb can automatically switch to GPS\INS guidance. This means that the bomb aspires to bring itself to the target's altitude at a known geographical location. The bomb receives data on its current location from GPS satellites, or from an inertial navigation system in the bomb itself, that has been fed, through the pylon datalink, with the dropping aircraft's coordinates a fraction of a second before the drop, and can therefore calculate its coordinates from the dropping time and on.

Third, there is a manual "man-in-the-loop" guidance option, in which the WSO looks at a backseat TV display to see the seeker's view (sent to him through a RF command guidance datalink) and uses the backseat stick to control the bomb to the target. With a skilled WSO that has a "sensitive hand", this guidance method is probably the most accurate one employed today for air-dropped munitions and has no measurable miss distance. Its main drawback is that it allows for only one bomb to be guided at a time.

Variants[]

  • Spice 1000. An add-on kit for 450 kg (1000 lb) warheads such as the MK-83, MPR1000, BLU-110, RAP-1000 and others. The weapon has deployable wings similar to the JSOW and the SDB that substantially increase its range to 100 km[6] and facilitate the integration to light fighter aircraft.
  • Spice 2000. An add-on kit for 900 kg (2000 lb) warheads such as the MK-84, BLU-109, RAP-2000 and others.
  • Spice 250. A 113 kg (249 lb) glide bomb designed as a complete system rather than an add-on kit, with a stand-off range of 54 nmi (100 km; 62 mi).[7]
  • Spice 250 ER. This new variant incorporates a micro-turbojet engine with an internal JP-8/10 fuel tank to deliver over the range of 150 km (81 nmi; 93 mi).[8][9]

Operators[]

Specifications[]

Spice-1000

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Robert Fisk: Israel is playing a big role in India's escalating conflict with Pakistan". The Independent. 28 February 2019. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
  2. ^ Gettleman, Jeffrey; Kumar, Hari; Yasir, Sameer (2 March 2019). "Deadly Shelling Erupts in Kashmir Between India and Pakistan After Pilot Is Freed". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
  3. ^ Gross, Judah Ari (26 February 2019). "India used Israeli arms for strike inside Pakistan — report". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  4. ^ Snehesh Alex Philip (26 February 2019). "IAF's Balakot strike lasted 21 mins, used 1,000 kg Israeli bombs fed with GPS coordinates". The Print.
  5. ^ "Brave Cameraman Unfazed By 500 Kmph Israeli Rockets Destroying Two Buildings Near Him". India Times. 14 May 2021. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021.
  6. ^ ArmedForcesUpdate (17 November 2014). "Israeli Air force NASTY SURPRISE for Iran military" – via YouTube.
  7. ^ Israel to field lightweight Spice 250 bombs - Flightglobal.com, 24 May 2013
  8. ^ Update: Rafael unveils SPICE 250 ER development - janes.com, 03 February 2021
  9. ^ Rafael Unveils Turbojet-powered Spice Weapon. Aviation International News. 4 February 2021.

External links[]

https://m.timesofindia.com/india/ntro-surveillance-of-jem-camp-in-balakot-before-strikes-confirmed-300-active-targets/amp_articleshow/68257918.cms

Retrieved from ""