Sports agent

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A sports agent is a legal representative (hence agent) for professional sports figures such as athletes and coaches. They procure and negotiate employment and endorsement contracts for the athlete or coach whom they represent. Because of the unique characteristics of the sports industry, sports agents are responsible for communications with team owners, managers, and other individuals. Also, they are responsible for making recommendations. In addition to finding income sources, agents often handle public relations matters for their clients. In some large sports agencies, such as IMG, Creative Artists Agency, Roc Nation Sports and Octagon, agents deal with all aspects of a client's finances, from investment to filing taxes.

Sports agents may be relied upon by their clients for guidance in all business aspects, and sometimes even more broadly. For example, hockey agents start recruiting clients as young as 15, allowing the agent to guide the athlete's career before the NHL draft, which happens usually at 18 years of age.

Due to the length and complexity of contracts, many sports agents are lawyers or have a background in contract law. Agents are expected to be knowledgeable about finance, business management, and financial and risk analysis, as well as sports. It is important for a sports agent to follow trends in sports. Other skills an agent must possess are excellent communication and negotiation skills. Agents must be highly motivated, willing to work long hours, and capable of multitasking. It is very common for agents to be in negotiations on behalf of several clients at one time.[1]

Some agents are part of large companies, and some are on their own.[2] The number of clients an individual agent can handle and how many clients his or her employing agency can handle in total are interdependent variables.

Before the 1990s, most football players did not use agents. In some cases, they used their parents as agents. Because of most parents' naivety about the football business, these young footballers were often given less-than-stellar contracts by football clubs, which yielded lower salaries than they thought they deserved.[3] In Sweden, there were only three licensed agents in 1995.[4] As of 2002, there were 33. According to FIFA, there were 5,187 licensed association football agents worldwide, with 600 agents in Italy alone.[5] Since 2001, agents have not been licensed by FIFA. Instead, agents are now licensed directly by each association.

Sports agents generally receive between 4 and 10% of the athlete's playing contract, and 10 to 20% of the athlete's endorsement contract, although these figures vary. NFL agents are not permitted to receive more than 3%, and NBA agents not more than 4%, of their client's playing contracts.

Media depictions[]

The popularity of television shows such as Entourage, which stars a talent agent named Ari Gold, and Arliss, have helped glamorize the profession.[6] Prior to that, movies such as Jerry Maguire, Two for the Money, and Any Given Sunday depicted sports agents. In England, ITV's Footballers' Wives put a new spin on sports agents by casting a no-holds-barred female agent Hazel Bailey. The television show Ballers, which started in 2015, also shows a strong depiction of sports agents.

Due to the popularity of these works, there has been increase of attention in the profession. Former Prime Minister Tony Blair's son decided to become a football agent.[7]

Notable sports agents[]

American football[]

Football agent Drew Rosenhaus
Football agent Leigh Steinberg

Australian football[]

  • Ricky Nixon: former player, who was the AFL's first full-time player manager[14]

Baseball[]

Scott Boras

Basketball[]

David Falk
  • Jeff Austin is head of Octagon's basketball division, and was ranked 11th in the "12 Best Sport Agents in the World" in 2010 by Business Insider.[19] His clients include David Robinson, Moses Malone, Kirk Hinrich, Stephen Curry and Jimmer Fredette.
  • Doug Davis: Clients include Metta World Peace and Roger Mason Jr..
  • Bill Duffy: Clients include Rajon Rondo, Joakim Noah, Greg Oden, Yao Ming, Klay Thompson, and Steve Nash.
  • David Falk: Currently semi-retired. Past clients included Michael Jordan, Patrick Ewing, Allen Iverson, and Dikembe Mutombo. In the 1990s, was generally considered the most influential player agent in the NBA.[20][21]
  • Dan Fegan: Noted for creating several nuances in the most recently expired NBA Collective Bargaining Agreement. Clients include John Wall, Dwight Howard and Ricky Rubio.
  • Aaron Goodwin: Terminated by LeBron James, Dwight Howard, Al Horford, and Jamal Crawford. Goodwin now represents over 20 NBA players.
  • Roger Montgomery: Works for Jay-Z and his company Roc-Nation. Managed Desmond Mason, Maurice Evans and Jeremy Lin.[22]
  • Rob Pelinka: Former basketball player at the University of Michigan and graduate of their law school; worked as an agent before becoming general manager of the Los Angeles Lakers. Past clients include Kobe Bryant and Carlos Boozer.[23]
  • Ticha Penicheiro: 2019 inductee of the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame as a player; currently an agent with about 30 clients, among them Kayla McBride and Courtney Vandersloot.[24]
  • Leon Rose: Former agent of LeBron James.
  • Arn Tellem: Clients include Tracy McGrady, Jermaine O'Neal, Pau Gasol, and Joe Johnson. His clients' total salaries in 2007–08 season added up to more than $210 million.[25] Tellum left the agent business to become President of the Detroit Pistons.

Cricket[]

European basketball[]

Association football[]

Golf[]

  • Mark Steinberg: Clients include Tiger Woods; former head of golf division at IMG.[34]
  • Andrew Chandler: Former European Tour golfer. Clients include golfers Lee Westwood, Ernie Els, Darren Clarke, Louis Oosthuizen, Charl Schwartzel, and Christina Kim.[35] Rory McIlroy was a client of Chandler until October 2011, when he left for Dublin-based Horizon Sports Management.[36]

Ice hockey[]

Motorsport[]

Olympics[]

  • Peter Carlisle: Clients include Michael Phelps, Natalie Coughlin, Apolo Ohno, Seth Wescott and Chris Klug.[42]

Notable former sports agents[]

  • Colleen Howe (deceased): ice hockey, late president of Power Play International and Power Play Publications managing hockey careers and business interests of her husband Gordie Howe and their sons Marty and Mark Howe.[43]
  • Camilo Marin (deceased): Cuban-born horse racing agent. Clients included Laffit Pincay Jr., Braulio Baeza, Jorge Velásquez and Manuel Ycaza.
  • Mark McCormack (deceased): American golf agent, and principal originator of modern sports agency industry.[citation needed] First client was Arnold Palmer. Founded IMG (originally "International Management Group").
  • Jeff Moorad: Former baseball agent and former partner of Leigh Steinberg, now baseball executive and part-owner of San Diego Padres.
  • Rob Pelinka: Former basketball player at the University of Michigan. Clients include Kobe Bryant, Carlos Boozer, and Buddy Hield. Pelinka stepped down from being an agent to be run the Los Angeles Lakers in March 2017.
  • Charles C. Pyle (deceased): American football; clients included Red Grange and Wildcat Wilson; founder of first American Football League (1926).
  • Gary Wichard (deceased): American football, three dozen clients, the inspiration for the movie Jerry Maguire.

Sports agency groups[]

There have been some efforts to transform the sports agency business from an individual, entrepreneurial business, to more of a corporate structure. These experiments met with varying degrees of longevity and success.

  • Allegiant Athletic Agency – representing NBA and NFL players
  • Creative Artists Agency: "CAA" – acquired various pieces of the sports agency business of SFX (see below), starting with football.
  • IMG – International Management Group – corporate agency established by entrepreneur Mark McCormack, originally with a specialization in golf and tennis. After the death of McCormack the company was acquired by private equity group Forstmann Little.
  • Infront - international sports rights vendor, representing Serie A, FIFA, and others.[44]
  • International Sports Management – British sports agency run by former European Tour golfer Andrew "Chubby" Chandler.[45]
  • Interperformances – International full-service sports agency, specializing in the basketball market.[46] In January 2017, the company expanded in the United States with intentions of developing into areas beyond basketball; it is known as InterperformancesUSA (IPZ).[47]
  • Octagon Worldwide – Full-service sports agency and event marketing group, traded with advertising and marketing companies in the Interpublic Group.
  • Priority Sports and Entertainment- Agency representing the most NBA players, run by Mark Bartelstein.
  • Roc Nation Sports – sports agency founded in 2013 by Shawn Carter, better known as Jay-Z. Currently in partnership with CAA; first client signed was Robinson Canó.[48]
  • Rosenhaus Sports- sports agency run by Drew Rosenhaus.
  • Sponsoo - globally operating digital marketplace for sport sponsorship, also servicing smaller clubs and athletes.[49][50]
  • Sportfive, formerly Lagardère Sports and Entertainment – international sports agency, sports consulting and event management, active in the football, tennis and golf markets.
  • Sports Management Worldwide – international sports agency[51] and private for-profit sports management training institution,[52] founded and run by Dr. Lynn Lashbrook.
  • Wasserman Media Group (WME) _ acquired Arn Tellem's basketball agency from SFX, and usually represents the most players in NBA lottery draft each year.[53]
  • Independent Sports and Entertainment (ISE) – sports agency which tries to mix athletes into the world of entertainment and film.
  • Imago Sports Management _ Imago Sports Management is a Bangladeshi talent and sports based agency.[54]

Formerly active agencies[]

Some sports agency firms were once prominent, but are now gone or reorganized:

  • Assante Corporation – Canadian public company that acquired the Steinberg, Moorad & Dunn agency, then acquired other than agencies including Dan Fegan & Associates and Maximum Sports Management in an unsuccessful effort to build multi-sport corporate agency.[55]
  • SFX Entertainment (now Live Nation, a publicly traded company) – in 1998 SFX agreed to pay up to $150 million in cash, stock, and bonuses for F.A.M.E., the sports agency run by David Falk, the agent for basketball players Michael Jordan and Patrick Ewing. SFX also acquired two other major sports agencies, Arn Tellem's agency (Tellem & Associates) and the baseball-oriented firm run by Randy Hendricks and Allan Hendricks.[56] SFX would later reverse course, and sell off the pieces of its large sports agency business.
  • Steinberg, Moorad & Dunn ("SMD") – a multi-sport agency sold in October 1999 for reported $120 million to Canadian financial firm. Defections of principals, and litigation, followed. Originally led by entrepreneurial agents Leigh Steinberg and Jeff Moorad.[57]

See also[]

  • Entertainment Law
  • Talent agent: discussion of the agents that represent entertainment talent and may also participate in sports agency.

References[]

  1. ^ Job Profiles.org Archived January 9, 2010, at the Wayback Machine – description of roles of sports agent and some educational programs to prepare for the field
  2. ^ An Industry Of Conglomerates Sports Agent Blog, July 16, 2007
  3. ^ "The Big Interview: Neil Webb" Sunday Times, November 28, 2004, interview with soccer/football player
  4. ^ "Market Saturation of Agents" Archived August 10, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, May 23, 2002, note: source can be translated into English on the website
  5. ^ [ FIFA – Players' agents list – by country]
  6. ^ "So, You Want To Be An Agent? The Entourage Effect" Sports Agent Blog, Dec. 4, 2008
  7. ^ "Blair's son to become a football agent" November 28, 2009, The Independent
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b , Wikipedia, February 14, 2020, retrieved February 19, 2020
  9. ^ , Wikipedia, February 12, 2020, retrieved February 19, 2020
  10. ^ , Wikipedia, February 11, 2020, retrieved February 19, 2020
  11. ^ Hanzus, Dan (March 4, 2013). "Joe Flacco's Ravens contract includes $52M guaranteed". Around the League. NFL.com. Retrieved March 4, 2013.
  12. ^ "Authentic Athletix Clients". AgentAA.com. Archived from the original on July 9, 2015. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
  13. ^ Meisel, Barry (April 28, 1996). "Toomer Catches Fancy Of Giants". New York Daily News.
  14. ^ Butler, Steve (March 3, 2008); Show me the money, Ricky Nixon; Realfooty.com.au; Retrieved on March 14, 2009
  15. ^ "Agent says Boras' group 'stalking' his client – MLB – ESPN". Sports.espn.go.com. May 1, 2006. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
  16. ^ Nicholson, Ben (December 23, 2010). "Nationals Sign Sean Burnett To Two-Year Extension". MLBTradeRumors.com. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
  17. ^ McGrath, Ben (August 1, 2011). "Tampa Bay Ray's Late Bloomer Super Sam Fuld". The New Yorker. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
  18. ^ "Interview with Matt Sosnick" SportsAgentBlog.com.
  19. ^ Gus Lubin (November 29, 2010). "The 12 Best Sports Agents In The World". Business Insider. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  20. ^ "Agents again at forefront of NBA labor dispute", CNN/SI, December 28, 1998, accessed June 16, 2007.
  21. ^ Migala, Dan. "Career Spotlight: David Falk", WorkInSports.com, June 4, 2001, accessed June 30, 2007.
  22. ^ Janowitz, Neil (March 9, 2012). "After Backing a Dark Horse, Lin's Agent Is Riding High". The New York Times. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  23. ^ https://www.forbes.com/pictures/fiei45fdil/9-rob-pelinka/#413e11381ab0
  24. ^ Megargee, Steve (June 7, 2019). "Penicheiro's new career has Hall of Famer focusing on future". Yahoo Sports. Associated Press. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
  25. ^ "HoopsHype.com Agents". Retrieved May 8, 2008.
  26. ^ Nets Star Has Deal to Play in Turkey;The New York Times, 7 July 2011
  27. ^ Perry, Michael (May 3, 1999). "Agents court Xavier star Posey". Cincinnati Enquirer.
  28. ^ Bremer still leading the way in Europe Olean Times Herald
  29. ^ [1] ESPN. Evan Alexander Demiriel. Retrieved July 23, 2011
  30. ^ Jump up to: a b Belzer, Jason (September 25, 2017). "The World's Most Powerful Sports Agents 2017". Forbes. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
  31. ^ Top 10 most influential football agents – Pere Guardiola, Pini Zahavi, Jorge Mendes, Paul Stretford, Mino Riaola | Metro News
  32. ^ Derbyshiretimes: "Loyalty and trust are hard to find in football' – Chesterfield hero Kevin Davies launches new business"
  33. ^ WEB Sports Management: "Why is being an ex professional footballer an advantage? There are many advantages of being an ex professional footballer. Over the 12 years playing in the many different leagues I have found myself in many different situations both on and off the pitch. Having been through these situations first hand, I can now give feedback on how to best navigate each one and translate to our clients the best way to successfully overcome each obstacle that they may encounter."
  34. ^ "How Tiger's Top Man is Managing the Crisis". Wall Street Journal. December 8, 2009.
  35. ^ Reilly, Rick (June 23, 2011). "Golf's new era is here". ESPN. Retrieved June 23, 2011.
  36. ^ Tait, Alistair (October 21, 2011). "McIlroy leaves Chandler's ISM for Horizon Sports". Golfweek. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
  37. ^ NHL.com – Features[permanent dead link]
  38. ^ Michael Barnett Archived October 10, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  39. ^ "Barnett joins Rangers' front office". New York Rangers. Retrieved September 3, 2014.
  40. ^ "Top 10 Sports Agents -Ask Men.com
  41. ^ "Octagon Sports – Hockey – Team Bios – Allan Walsh". Octagonhockey.com. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  42. ^ "From The Executive Editor: The education of Peter Carlisle". Sports-agent-directory.com. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  43. ^ "Colleen Howe, 'Mrs. Hockey', dies at 76". Associated Press. March 6, 2009. Retrieved March 7, 2009.[dead link]
  44. ^ "Serie A international rights snapped up by Infront for '€139m a year'". SportsPro Media. April 6, 2021. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  45. ^ Harig, Bob (July 17, 2011). "Darren Clarke returns in major triumph". ESPN. Retrieved July 18, 2011.
  46. ^ "Former No. 1 draft pick Kwame Brown might be looking to make an NBA comeback". Retrieved April 24, 2017.
  47. ^ "Interperformances Expands in United States". Archived from the original on April 25, 2017. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
  48. ^ "Jay-Z Launches Roc Nation Sports Teams With CAA to Co-Represent Robinson Cano". Variety. April 2, 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
  49. ^ "So finden kleine Sportvereine Sponsoren". FAZ. February 24, 2019. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  50. ^ "Sponsoo Closes €1.4m Series A Financing". FinSMEs.com. November 21, 2020. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  51. ^ "Our Mission and Values". smwwagency.com. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
  52. ^ "Good, profitable sports". www.bizjournals.com. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
  53. ^ "Wasserman Acquires Tellem Business; SFX Promotes Pelinka". Sports Business Daily. January 27, 2006. Retrieved August 7, 2017.
  54. ^ The business of sports | Dhaka Tribune
  55. ^ "These Drafts Come and Go, and So Do Agents' Fortunes" New York Times, April 28, 2003
  56. ^ "Steinberg Sells Sports Firm". New York Times. October 28, 1999. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
  57. ^ "Crash Landing"- ESPN, by Peter Keating, article about Leigh Steinberg

Further reading[]

  • How to Play the Game: What Every Sports Attorney Needs to Know, by Darren Heitner, 2014, ABA Book Publishing, ISBN 978-1-61438-916-3
  • The Business of Sports Agents, by Kenneth L. Shropshire, Timothy Davis, 2008, University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 978-0-8122-4084-9
  • License to Deal: A Season on the Run with a Maverick Baseball Agent, by Jerry Crasnick, 2005, Rodale Books, ISBN 978-1-59486-024-9
  • An Athlete's Guide to Agents: 5th Edition, by Bob Ruxin with Darren Heitner, 2009, Jones and Bartlett, ISBN 978-0-7637-7611-4
  • How To Be A Sports Agent, by Mel Stein, 2008, High Stakes Publishing, ISBN 978-1-84344-045-1
  • The Football Agent, by Knut Høibraaten, 2015, HHH Forlag, ISBN 978-8-26900-990-3
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