Stephen, Count of Blois

Stephen
Seal of Stephen
Born	c. 1045
Died	19 May 1102 (aged 56–57) Ramla, Kingdom of Jerusalem
Noble family	House of Blois
Spouse(s)	Adela of Normandy
Issue	William, Count of Sully Odo of Blois Theobald II, Count of Champagne Adela Stephen, King of England Lucia-Mahaut, Countess of Chester Philip of Blois, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne Agnes de Puiset Alix of Joigni Henry, Bishop of Winchester Eleanor of Champagne
Father	Theobald III, Count of Blois
Mother	Garsinde du Maine

Stephen Henry (in French, Étienne Henri, in Medieval French, Estienne Henri; c. 1045 – 19 May 1102), Count of Blois and Count of Chartres, was the son of Theobald III, count of Blois, and Gersent of Le Mans.^[1]

In 1089, upon the death of his father, Stephen became the Count of Blois and Chartres, although Theobald had given him the administration of those holdings in 1074.

Stephen was one of the leaders of the First Crusade, leading one of the major armies of the crusade and often writing enthusiastic letters to his wife Adela of Normandy about the crusade's progress.^[2] Present at the Siege of Nicaea, he asserts, in his letter, the surrender of the city to fear of siege towers.^[3] Stephen returned home in 1098 during the lengthy Siege of Antioch, fleeing the battlefield, without having fulfilled his crusading vow to forge a way to Jerusalem.^[4] He was pressured by Adela into making a second pilgrimage, and joined the subsequent Crusade of 1101 in the company of others who had also returned home prematurely.^[5] In 1102, Stephen was killed at the Second Battle of Ramla at the age of fifty-seven.^[6]

Family[]

Stephen married Adela of Normandy,^[7] a daughter of William the Conqueror, around 1080 in Chartres. Their children were:

1. William, Count of Sully^[7]
2. Theobald II, Count of Blois^[7]
3. Odo, who died young
4. Stephen, King of England^[7]
5. Lucia-Mahaut, married Richard d'Avranches, 2nd Earl of Chester. Both drowned on 25 November 1120 in the White Ship disaster.
6. Agnes, married Hugh III of Le Puiset^[8]
7. Eleanor (died 1147) married Ralph I, Count of Vermandois; they were divorced in 1142.
8. Alix (c. 1095 – 1145) married Renaud III of Joigni (d. 1134) and had issue
9. Adelaide, married Milo II of Montlhéry, Viscount of Troyes (divorced 1115)
10. Henry, Bishop of Winchester (c. 1096 – 1171)^[7]
11. Humbert, died young

A late 14th century source gives Stephen an illegitimate daughter Emma, wife of Herbert of Winchester and mother of William of York, archbishop of York,^[9] but recent research suggests a different parentage for her.^[10]

References[]

Sources[]

• Brundage, James A. (1960). "An Errant Crusader: Stephen of Blois". Traditio. 16: 380–395. doi:10.1017/S0362152900006139.
• Claster, Jill N. (2009). Sacred Violence: The European Crusades to the Middle East, 1095-1396. University of Toronto Press.
• Davis, Ralph H. C. (1967). King Stephen, 1135-1154. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0582040007.
• Evergates, Theodore, ed. (1999). Aristocratic Women in Medieval France. University of Pennsylvania Press.
• Evergates, Theodore (2007). The Aristocracy in the County of Champagne, 1100-1300. University of Pennsylvania Press.
• Evergates, Theodore (2016). Henry the Liberal: Count of Champagne, 1127-1181. University of Pennsylvania Press.
• Munro, D. Carleton (1902). Letters of the crusaders. Dept. of history of the University of Pennsylvania.
• Rogers, Randall (2002). Latin Siege Warfare in the Twelfth Century. Oxford University Press.
• Tyerman, Christopher (2006). God's war: a new history of the Crusades. Harvard University Press.