Sterculia
| Sterculia | |
|---|---|
| |
| S. foetida | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Malvaceae |
| Subfamily: | Sterculioideae |
| Genus: | Sterculia L., 1753[1] |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Ripe fruit capsules releasing their smooth seeds, Malaysia
S. setigera, dry capsules and seeds – MHNT
S. pruriens, wood texture – MHNT
Sterculia[2] is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae: subfamily Sterculioideae (previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae[1]). Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. The scientific name is taken from Sterculius of Roman mythology, who was the god of manure; this is in reference to the unpleasant aroma of the flowers of this genus (e.g. Sterculia foetida). Sterculia may be monoecious or dioecious, and flowers unisexual or bisexual.
Sterculia species are food plants for the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the leaf miner Bucculatrix xenaula, which feeds exclusively on this genus. Gum karaya is extracted from Sterculia species, and is used as a thickener and emulsifier in foods, as a laxative, and as a denture adhesive. In India, this is sourced from: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madras, Madhya Pradesh and Chhota Nagpur.
Species[]
The Plant List counts 91 currently accepted species. The accepted species are listed here, except as noted.[3]
- E.L.Taylor ex Mondragón
- Cuatrec.
- Sterculia africana (Lour.) Fiori – Mopopaja tree
- Ducke
- Sterculia alexandri Harv. – Cape sterculia
- E.L.Taylor ex Mondragón
- E.L.Taylor
- Ducke
- Sterculia alexandri (Jacq.) H.Karst.
- Sterculia apetala (Jacq.) H.Karst. – Panama tree; manduvi tree
- K.Schum.
- Sterculia balanghas L. or Aiton (status unresolved)
- H.H. Hsue
- R. Br.
- R. Br.
- Baill.
- E.L. Taylor
- Sterculia cinerea Schweinf. or A.Rich. (status unresolved)
- Tsai & Mao
- Sterculia cochinchinensis Pierre Trôm nam in Vietnam (status unresolved)
- Sprague
- Sterculia colorata – Scarlet sterculia (synonym of Firmiana colorata)
- Sprague
- Little
- Pittier
- (Vell.) Taroda
- Sprague
- E.L. Taylor ex J.A.C. Silva & M.F. Silva
- W.W. Sm.
- Mart.
- Sterculia foetida L. – bastard poon tree, hazel sterculia, wild almond tree[4]
- Rich.
- H.H. Hsue
- Miq.
- S.J. Xu & P.T. Li
- Cuatrec.
- Sandwith
- Sterculia guttata Roxb. ex G.Don (status unresolved)
- Merr. and Chun
- Hemsl.
- K. Schum.
- Sterculia hypochroa Pierre – Trôm quạt in Vietnam (status unresolved)
- H.H. Hsue
- P.E. Berry
- Sterculia khasiana Debb.
- Standl. ex E.L.Taylor
- H.H. Hsue
- Sterculia lanceifolia Roxb.
- Sterculia lanceolata Cav. (synonym for S. tonkinensis Aug. DC.)
- E.L. Taylor
- E.L. Taylor
- R.Br.
- Engl.
- Chun and H.H. Hsue
- (A. Chev.) Roberty
- Sterculia monosperma Vent. – China chestnut, seven sisters' fruit, pheng phok
- E.L. Taylor
- Sterculia murex Hemsl. – Lowveld chestnut
- E.L. Taylor
- Sterculia oblonga Mast.
- E.L. Taylor
- Sterculia parviflora Roxb.
- Ducke
- (D.R. Simpson) E.L. Taylor ex Brako and Zarucchi
- E.L. Taylor
- Pierre
- Tsai & Mao
- Gagnep.
- (Aubl.) K.Schum.
- E.L. Taylor
- Sterculia quadrifida – Gorarbar (status unresolved)
- (Garcke) K.Schum. – Five-lobed sterculia
- E.L. Taylor
- Standl.
- K.Schum. – Red sterculia
- Ducke
- N.E. Br. – Ulumbu tree
- R.Br.
- Sterculia rubiginosa Vent – Bai rua long in Vietnam
- Hemsl.
- Sterculia schliebenii Mildbr.
- Sterculia setigera Delile
- Y.Y. Qian
- K.Schum.
- E.L. Taylor ex Mondragón
- Sterculia stigmarota Pierre (status unresolved)
- Ducke
- A. St.-Hil. & Naudin
- H.H. Hsue
- Chun & H.H. Hsue
- K.Schum.
- Baill.
- Mildbr.
- Aug. DC.
- Lindl.
- Sterculia urens – Gulu (synonym of Firmiana simplex)
- S. urens var. thorelii is a synonym of S. thorelii Pierre – (Bay thua Thorel in Vietnam)
- Pittier
- Steud. – Broad-leaved bottle tree
- Sterculia villosa Roxb.
- T. Wendt & E.L. Taylor
- H.H. Hsue & X.J.Xu
Panama tree, S. apetala
Formerly placed here[]
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Fossil record[]
A 27 million years old †Sterculia labrusca leaf fossil is described from the Evros region in Western Thrace, Greece.[7]
References[]
- ^ a b c "Genus: Sterculia L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2003-06-05. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2011-03-03.
- ^ Linnaeus C (1753) In: Species Plantarum 2: 1007.
- ^ "Sterculia". The Plant List, accessed 30 June 2018
- ^ "Species Information". www.worldagroforestry.org. Archived from the original on 2007-03-13.
- ^ "Firmiana simplex". The Plant List, accessed 30 June 2018.
- ^ "GRIN Species Records of Sterculia". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-03-03.
- ^ Review of the Cenozoic floras and vegetation of Greece by Dimitrios Velitzelos, Johannes M. Bouchal and Thomas Denk - Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Volume 204, May 2014, Pages 56-117
External links[]
Data related to Sterculia at Wikispecies
Media related to Sterculia at Wikimedia Commons- FAO: Species with edible "nuts" listed by families angiosperms (under Sterculiaceae)
Categories:
- Sterculia
- Malvaceae genera