Styphnolobium

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Styphnolobium
SophoraJaponicaLeaf.jpg
Styphnolobium japonicum foliage
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Clade: Cladrastis clade
Genus: Styphnolobium
Schott
Type species
Styphnolobium japonicum
(L.) Schott
Species

9; see text

Synonyms
  • Sophora sect. Styphnolobium (Schott) Yaklovev

Styphnolobium is a small genus of three or four species of small trees and shrubs in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae, formerly included within a broader interpretation of the genus Sophora. It was recently assigned to the unranked, monophyletic Cladrastis clade.[1][2][3] They differ from the genus Calia (mescalbeans) in having deciduous leaves and flowers in axillary, not terminal, racemes. The leaves are pinnate, with 9–21 leaflets, and the flowers in pendulous racemes similar to those of the black locust. Necklacepod is a common name for plants in this genus.[4]

Etymology[]

From Greek styphno-, stryphno- "sour, astringent" and lobion "pod", because of the fresh pods' pulp taste.[5]

Species[]

Styphnolobium comprises the following species:[6][7][8]

Section Oresbios[]

  • (Torr. & A. Gray) Walp., the coralbean or Eve's necklace is native to the southern United States in Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Louisiana. It is a large shrub or small tree, growing to 5–7 m tall, with white or pale violet flowers. The seeds of this species are believed to be poisonous.[9] The sapwood leaches a yellow dye on contact with water.[10]
  • M. Sousa & Rudd
  • M. Sousa & Rudd is native to Nicaragua.
  • (Standl.) M. Sousa & Rudd
  • M. Sousa & Rudd is native to Central America.
  • M. Sousa & Rudd
  • M. Sousa & Rudd
  • M. Sousa & Rudd

Section Styphnolobium[]

  • Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott, the pagoda tree (Chinese Scholar, Japanese pagodatree; syn. Sophora japonica), is native to eastern Asia (mainly China; despite the name, it is introduced in Japan), is a popular ornamental tree in Europe, North America and South Africa, grown for its white flowers, borne in late summer after most other flowering trees have long finished flowering. It grows into a lofty tree 10–20 m tall with an equal spread, and produces a fine, dark brown timber.

Uses[]

The pagoda tree is widely used in bonsai gardening. The Guilty Chinese Scholartree was a historic pagoda tree in Beijing, on which the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Chongzhen, hanged himself.

Styphnolobium japonicum (Chinese: 槐; pinyin: huái; formerly Sophora japonica) is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine.

References[]

  1. ^ Cardoso D, Pennington RT, de Queiroz LP, Boatwright JS, Van Wyk B-E, Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M (2013). "Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes" (PDF). S Afr J Bot. 89: 58–75. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001.
  2. ^ Cardoso D, de Queiroz LP, Pennington RT, de Lima HC, Fonty É, Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M (2012). "Revisiting the phylogeny of papilionoid legumes: new insights from comprehensively sampled early-branching lineages". Am J Bot. 99 (12): 1991–2013. doi:10.3732/ajb.1200380. PMID 23221500.
  3. ^ Wojciechowski MF (2013). "The origin and phylogenetic relationships of the Californian chaparral 'paleoendemic' Pickeringia (Leguminosae)". Syst Bot. 38 (1): 132–142. doi:10.1600/036364413X662024. S2CID 86331839.
  4. ^ "Styphnolobium". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  5. ^ "Styphnolobium". Kew. Archived from the original on 2017-02-03. Retrieved 2017-01-23.
  6. ^ "ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for Styphnolobium". International Legume Database & Information Service. Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
  7. ^ USDA; ARS; National Genetic Resources Program. "GRIN species records of Styphnolobium". Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
  8. ^ Sousa-Sánchez M, Rudd VE (1993). "Revisión del género Styphnolobium (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Sophoreae)" [Revision of the genus Styphnolobium (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Sophoreae)]. Ann Missouri Bot Gard. 80 (1): 270–283. doi:10.2307/2399827. ISSN 0026-6493. JSTOR 2399827.
  9. ^ "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - the University of Texas at Austin".
  10. ^ "Dirt Doctor - Library Topics".

External links[]

Media related to Styphnolobium japonicum at Wikimedia Commons

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