Subh Sukh Chain

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Subh Sukh Chain
Seal of Azad Hind.svg
National anthem of the Provisional Government of Free India
LyricsCapt. Abid Ali, Mumtaz Hussain, 1943
MusicCapt. Ram Singh Thakuri
Adopted2 November 1941
Relinquished18 August 1945
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Subh Sukh Chain (Hindi: शुभ सुख चैन, lit. '"Auspicious Happiness"') was the national anthem of the Provisional Government of Free India.

The song was based on a Bengali poem Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata by Rabindranath Tagore. When Subhash Chandra Bose shifted to Southeast Asia from Germany in 1943, he, with the help of Mumtaz Hussain, a writer with the Azad Hind Radio and Colonel Abid Hasan Safrani of the INA, rewrote Tagore’s Jana Gana Mana into the Hindustani Subh Sukh Chain for being used as the national anthem.[1] Bose then went to what was then the INA broadcasting station at the Cathay Building in Singapore and asked Capt. Ram Singh Thakuri[2] to compose the music for a song translated from Rabindranath Tagore's original Bengali score. He asked him to give the song a martial tune.

India attained independence on 15 August 1947, and the next morning Jawaharlal Nehru unfurled the tricolour on the ramparts of the Red Fort and addressed the nation. It was on this occasion that Captain Thakuri was invited to play the tune of Subh Sukh Chain along with the members of his orchestra group.[3]

History[]

During the Indian independence movement, the song Vande Mataram was frequently sung at protest meetings, including the proclamation of the Provisional Government of Free India in Singapore in October 1943. Muslims were, however, not comfortable with the expressly Hindu metaphors used in the song, and disliked the book, Anandamath, in which it had been first published. The leaders of the Indian National Army in Singapore were aware of this problem, and hoped that Subhas Chandra Bose, the head of the INA and the Azad Hind, would settle it. Lakshmi Sahgal, who was an INA member, favoured the selection of Jana Gana Mana, which was composed by Rabindranath Tagore and had been sung at sessions of the Indian National Congress. She arranged to have it sung at a women's meeting attended by Bose. Bose was taken by the song, which he thought was nationally representative. However, he did not like that the song was in Sanskritized Bengali, and commissioned a free translation to Hindustani.[4]

The translation, Subh Sukh Chain, was written by Captain Abid Hasan Safrani, and its score composed by Captain Ram Singh Thakuri.[3] It took Vande Mataram's place as the official national anthem of the Provisional Government, and was sung at all meetings, including at the final assembly before Bose's departure.[5] It is sometimes considered an Urdu version of the national anthem of India, Jana Gana Mana, though its meaning varies from the latter and it is therefore not a true translation.

On 24 January 1950,[6] President Rajendra Prasad announced the final decision that Jana Gana Mana would be the national anthem of India.

Lyrics[]

The text of the anthem is"[7]

Original Hindi version Roman Transliteration English Translation

शुभ सुख चैन की बरखा बरसे , भारत भाग है जागा
पंजाब, सिन्ध, गुजरात, मराठा, द्राविड़ उत्कल बंगा
चंचल सागर, विन्ध्य, हिमालय, नीला यमुना गंगा
तेरे नित गुण गाएँ, तुझसे जीवन पाएँ
हर तन पाए आशा।
सूरज बन कर जग पर चमके, भारत नाम सुभागा,
जए हो! जए हो! जए हो! जए जए जए जए हो!॥

शुभ सवेरे पंख पखेरे, तेरे ही गुण गाएँ,बास भरी भरपूर हवाएँ, जीवन में रुत लाएँ,
सब मिल कर हिन्द पुकारे, जय आज़ाद हिन्द के नारे।
प्यारा देश हमारा।
सूरज बन कर जग पर चमके, भारत नाम सुभागा,
जए हो! जए हो! जए हो! जए जए जए जए हो!॥

Shubh sukh chain kī barkhā barse, Bhārat bhāg hai jāga.
Punjāb, Sindh, Gujarāt, Marāthā, Dravid, Utkal, Bangā,
Chanchal sagar, Vindhya, Himālaya, nīlā Yamunā, Gangā.
Tere nit gun gāyen, tujhse jīvan pāye,
har tan pāye āsha.
Sūraj ban kar jag par chamke, Bhārat nām subhāgā,
jai ho! Jai ho! Jai ho! Jai, jai, jai, jai ho!.

Shubh savere pankh pakhere, tere hī gun gāye,
bās bhari bharpūr hawāen, jeevan men rut lāye,
sab mil kar Hind pukāre, jai Āzād Hind ke nāre.
Pyāra desh hamārā.
Sūraj ban kar jag par chamke, Bhārat nām subhāga,
jai ho! Jai ho! Jai ho! Jai, jai, jai, jai ho!

Rains of auspicious happiness fall, India has awaken!
All of Punjab, Sindh, Gujarat, Maratha, Dravida, Utkala, Bengal,
the wavy seas, the Vindhya, the Himalayas, the blue Yamuna and Ganges,
sing your praises, get life from you,
every body gains hope!
Like the sun it shines over the world, the auspicious name of India,
May you be victorious! May you be victorious! May you be victorious! May you be victorious!

Every auspicious morning, it spreads its wings, and sings your praises,
the plentiful, smelling winds, brings a pleasant monsoon to life!
The whole of India, together, shouts slogans of "victory to Free India"!
Oh, this lovely country of ours!
Like the sun it shines over the world, the auspicious name of India,
May you be victorious! May you be victorious! May you be victorious! May you be victorious!

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "The Morning Song of India". wordpress.com. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
  2. ^ "Capt. Ram Singh Thakuri's interview". Rediff on NET.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b "A tribute to the legendary composer of National Anthem", The Tribune, 4 May 2002, retrieved 10 November 2008, Snippet: ... Capt Ram Singh would be remembered for his composition of Jana Gana Mana, the original script of which was a little different. It was Sukh Chain Kee Barkha Barse, Bharat Bagiya Hai Jaga. ...
  4. ^ Fay, Peter Ward (1995), The Forgotten Army: India's Armed Struggle for Independence 1942-1945, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, ISBN 0-472-08342-2, pp. 230-234
  5. ^ Fay, Peter Ward (1995), The Forgotten Army: India's Armed Struggle for Independence 1942-1945, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, ISBN 0-472-08342-2, p. 380
  6. ^ Volume XII. Tuesday, 24 January 1950. Online Transcript, Constituent Assembly Debates Archived 21 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ The INA Heroes: Autobiographies of Maj. Gen. Shahnawaz, Col. Prem K. Sahgal and Col. Gurbax Singh Dhillon of the Azad Hind Fauj, Hero Publications, 6, Lower Mall, Lahore, India, 1946, retrieved 9 November 2008
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