Substitute (elections)
A substitute is a political candidate who is not directly elected, but who succeeds a politician holding an elected office after that person ceases to hold the office due to, for example, resignation or death. This system can be used as opposed to holding by-elections or special elections to fill the vacant office.
Belgium[]
In Belgium, each electoral list has both a list of "effective" candidates and a list of "substitutes" (Dutch: opvolgers; French: suppléants). The system was introduced as part of the law of 29 December 1899 introducing proportional representation. Before that, by-elections were held to succeed members.
France[]
In the elections for the French National Assembly, each candidate nominates a substitute (French: Suppléant), who assumes the functions of the elected deputy if they die, enter the executive government, if the Government appoints them to an assignment of more than six months' duration, or if they are appointed to the Constitutional Council or Defender of Rights (Défenseur des droits).[1]
If the deputy resigns, or their election is determined to be invalid, a by-election (French: élections legislatives partielles) is held instead.
The Electoral Code does not provide for any age restriction to be appointed alternate. For the Fourteenth Legislature (2012 - 2017), the youngest Deputy-Substitute in France was , born in 1989, who was elected in Allier's 2nd constituency.
Examples[]
- 2017
- Élise Fajgeles replaced Benjamin Griveaux when he was appointed Secretary of State to the Minister of the Economy and Finance on 22 July 2017.[2][3]
- Grégory Galbadon replaced Stéphane Travert when he was appointed Minister of Agriculture on 22 July 2017[4]
- 2018
- 2019
- Stéphanie Atger replaced Amélie de Montchalin when she was appointed Minister of Europe and Foreign Affairs.[6]
- 2020
- Sandra Boëlle replaced Claude Goasguen in Paris's 14th constituency when he died.[7]
- Nicolas Meizonnet replaced Gilbert Collard in Gard's 2nd constituency when he was elected to the European Parliament.[8]
- 2021
- Maud Gatel replaced Marielle de Sarnez in Paris's 11th constituency when she died
References[]
- ^ "Article L. O. 176 du code électoral". Act of 15 September 2017 (in French).
- ^ à 15h30, Le 22 juin 2017 (2017-06-22). "Paris : élue du Xe, Elise Fajgeles va devenir députée". leparisien.fr (in French). Retrieved 2020-07-14.
- ^ Daire, Constance (2017-06-22). "Remaniement : qu'est-ce qui change à l'Assemblée nationale ?". Libération.fr (in French). Retrieved 2020-07-14.
- ^ Composition de l'assemblée, retrieved 2020-07-14
- ^ à 19h57, Par Pascale De SouzaLe 19 juin 2018 (2018-06-19). "Seine-et-Marne : le temps de la réflexion à la tête du département". leparisien.fr (in French). Retrieved 2020-08-29.
- ^ étrangères, Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires. "Amélie de Montchalin succeeds Nathalie Loiseau as Europe Minister (31.03.19)". France Diplomacy - Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
- ^ ActeursPublics. "Après le décès de Claude Goasguen, sa suppléante prend la relève à l'Assemblée nationale | Nominations | Acteurs Publics". Après le décès de Claude Goasguen, sa suppléante prend la relève à l’Assemblée nationale | Nominations | Acteurs Publics (in French). Retrieved 2021-02-18.
- ^ "Nicolas Meizonnet officiellement député". France Bleu (in French). 2020-02-11. Retrieved 2020-09-01.
- Politics
- Elections