Sur Singh

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Sur Singh Rathore
सुर सिंह राठौर
Sawai Raja of Marwar
Sur Singh of Marwar.jpg
Ruler of Marwar
Tenure11 July 1595 – 7 September 1619
Coronation23 July 1595, Sringar Chowki, Mehrangarh, Jodhpur
PredecessorRaja Udai Singh Rathore
SuccessorMaharaja Gaj Singh Rathore
BornSuraj Mal
April 24, 1571
Delhi, Mughal Empire
DiedSeptember 7, 1619(1619-09-07) (aged 48)
Mahaikat, Deccan, Mughal Empire
Burial
Jodhpur, India
ConsortSobhag Deviji
Issue
among others		Gaj Singh
Manbhavati Bai.
Names
Sawai Raja Sur Singh Rathore Ji Bahadur Sahab
HouseHouse of Rathore
FatherRaja Udai Singh Rathore
MotherManrang Devi
ReligionHinduism
OccupationMughal General, Commander

Sawai Raja Sur Singh Rathore or Suraj Mal or Suraj Singh (24 April 1571 – 7 September 1619), was the Raja of Marwar Kingdom (r. 11 July 1595 – 7 September 1619). His sister was the third wife of Emperor Jahangir and mother of Shah Jahan.

Early life[]

Born on 24 April 1571 as Suraj Mal, he was the son of Raja Udai Singh, the ruler of Marwar.[1] His mother was Rajavat Kachwahi Manrang Deviji,[1] the principal wife of his father[2] and daughter of Raja Askaran of Narwar, [3]who was also briefly Raja of Amber before being ousted in favour of his uncle, Bharmal.[4] He was the older full brother of Mani Bai, through whom he was the maternal uncle of Prince Khurram; and Kishan Singh, the founder of Kingdom of Kishangarh. [5]

Reign[]

Sur Singh succeeded his father upon his death and he was given tilak by Akbar on 23 July 1595. Akbar bestowed upon him 16 parganas and a mansab of 2000 Zat and Sawar.[6]

He was sent to look into the affairs of Gujarat in the absence of Prince Murad who had left for Deccan. In 1597, a revolt broke out in Gujarat and he was appointed to take the expedition against Bahadur, son of Muzaffar Gujrati. However Bahadur fled away the field without facing the besieging army.[7] In 1599, he was sent to assist Daniyal Mirza in the conquest of the Deccan for Emperor Akbar.[7] In 1604 on the request of Daniyal Mirza, he was allowed to return to Jodhpur and was granted Jaitaran and western half of Merta pargana.[8] He received the hereditary title of Sawai Raja in recognition of his many services.

Under the reign of Jahangir, in 1607 he was sent to put down the rebellion in Gujarat.[8] On 1608, he attended the court of Jahangir and presented a poet who wrote verse in the Hindi language.[5] Later that year, he was granted 3000 Zat and 2000 Sawar.[9] In 1613, he was granted the pargana of Phalodi and was deputed by the Emperor along with Prince Khurram to undertake the expedition of Mewar. The local knowledge by the Raja fully utilised by Khurram against the Rana of Mewar and various outpost were established on his suggestion.[10] In 1615, he was promoted to rank of 5000 Zat and 3300 Sawar and was posted to Deccan to subdue the various rebelling vassals. At his departure, a robe of honour along with a horse was bestowed upon him.[11]

Death[]

He died on active service at Mahaikat, Deccan on 7 September 1619.

On his death, the Emperor Jahangir had remarked:[12]

Rāja Sūraj Singh, through the advantage of his being brought up by the late king (Akbar), and this suppliant at the throne of God, reached high rank and great dignities. His territory surpassed that of his father or grandfather.

— Jahangir, Emperor of India

According to Khyats, at the time of his death, Sur Singh's sway extended over Jodhpur, Siwana, Jaitaran, Jalor, Satalmar, Sojat, Merta, Phalodi, Sanchor, Terwada, Merwada, villages of Gorwada, Ratlam and Bhatnagar in Malwa, Chorgaon in Deccan and Radhanpur in Gujarat. [13]

He was succeeded by his son Gaj Singh.

Family[]

Consort[]

Several:[14]

  • Bari Rani Sisodini Manorathdeji (m. before 1574, Phalodi; d. young, Mewar) – daughter of Sisodia Galhot Sakti Singh of Mewar – She was married to Surajmal while Udai Singh held Phalodi.
  • Rani Bhatiyani Sujandeji (née Gulabkumvarbai) (m. 24 April 1585, Mandore; d. September 1619, Deccan) – daughter of Kelhan Bhati Goyandas of Pungal and Vaisalpur – She was sent to Suraj Singh in dōlō. She was with him when he died in Deccan and became sati then.
  • Rani Kachwahi Sobhagdeji (née Kisnavatibai) (m. 23 June 1588, Lahore; d. August 1609, Burhanpur) – daughter of Sekhavat Kachwaha Durjansal Karamsiyot – She was an adopted daughter of Akbar and he had her married to Suraj Singh while he was still a Prince.
  • Rani Ahari Surtandeji (née Jasodabai) (m. 21 May 1591, Dunganpur; d. 25 March 1633, Baijnath) – daughter of Ahara Galhot Raval Sahasmal of Dungarpur – She died while at enroute home from pilgrimage.
  • Rani Bari Jadav Suhagdeji (née Pohpambai) (m. 4 June 1591, Jodhpur) – daughter of Jadav Rao Mandlik – She was sent in dōlō to Suraj Singh.
  • Rani Pamvar Caturangdeji (m. 20 June 1591, Arai Village; d. c. 1594, Lahore) – daughter of Pamvar Sanga Maldevot of Pamvars of Catsu.
  • Rani Solanki Manorathdeji (m. 18 February 1594, Siriyari; d. December 1606) – daughter of Solanki Khetsi Samvatsiyot of Desuri of Godhvar, a military servant of Amar Singh of Mewar.
  • Rani Jareci Sahibdeji (née Ladbai) (m. 24 January 1597, Ahmedabad; d. 23 March 1639, Mehrangarh) – daughter of Jareco Jam Satrasal of Nayangar – She was sent in dōlō to Suraj Singh.
  • Rani Bori Ratanadeji (née Phulambai) (m. 14 February 1597, Ahmedabad; d. c. 1652) – daughter of Baro Chauhan Rao Vagho of Sayano Village – She was sent in dōlō to Suraj Singh.
  • Rani Sodhi Uchrangdeji (m. 22 April 1598, Ahmedabad) – daughter of Sodha Panvar Rao Chandrasen of Umerkot.
  • Rani Devri Hiradeji (née Kamlavatibai) (m. 25 June 1604, Mathura; d. 8 August 1647, Jodhpur) – daughter of Devri Chauhan Rao Kalo Mehajalot – She was sent in dōlō to Suraj Singh.
  • Rani Virampuri Narangdeji (née Champabai) (m. 17 August 1606, Ahmedabad; d. November 1633) – daughter of Rana Vanvir.
  • Rani Bhatiyani Amolakhdeji (née Parvatibai) (m. 1607, Bilaro; d. 7 September 1677) – daughter of Bhati Sahasmal Maldevot of Jaisalmer.
  • Rani Pamvar Gangadeji (m. c. 1610, Burhanpur; September 1619) – daughter of Pamvar Sadu Maldevot of Catsu – This marriage occurred to solve the vair between Rathors of Marwar and Pamvars of Catsu over the death of Bhopt Singh, brother of Suraj Singh. She became sati at the time of Suraj Singh's death.
  • Rani Lohri Jadav Sujandeji (m. c. 1610, Burhanpur; d. 21 June 1620, Mandore) – daughter of Jadav Pahar Khan – She became sati after considerable amount of time after Suraj Singh's death.
  • Rani Kachawahi Norangdeji (née Amram) (m. 7 June 1612, Khandelo; d. September 1619) – daughter of Sekhavat Kachwaha Tirmanray Raysalot – She became sati at the time of Suraj Singh's death.
  • Rani Kachwahi Singardeji (m. 2 December 1614, Mandal; d. 23 November 1628, Puskar) – a granddaughter of Dhuravat Kachwaha Ramdas Darbari Udavat – She was sent in dōlō to Suraj Singh. She died while on pilgrimage along Ganga.

Suraj Singh also had an Paswan :

  • Mohini Paswan.

Issue[]

Sons:[14]

  • A son (b. c. 1586-87) – with Sujandeji – possibly stillborn.
  • Jasvant Singh ( c. 1589, Gujarat - aged five months) – with Sobhagdeji.
  • Pratap Singh ( October 1592, Lahore - aged nine months) – with Sujandeji.
  • Gaj Singh (30 October 1595, Lahore - 6 May 1638, Agra) – with Sobhagdeji – Suraj Singh's successor to the gadi of Marwar.
  • Sabal Singh (15 August 1607 - 24 January 1647, Phalodi) – with Surtandeji – Granted Phalodi and areas of Gujarat by Akbar. He was poisoned in Phalodi by a slave.
  • Vijay Singh (d. aged 14 or 24 months) – with Ratandeji.
  • Viramde (c. 1608 - c. 1614) – with Hiradeji.
  • A son (d. young) – with Hiradeji.

Daughters:[14]

  • Ashkumvar Bai (d. December 1621, Burhanpur) – with Caturangdeji – She was adopted by Sujandeji, possibly after Caturangdeji's death. She was married to Raja Bhau Singh of Amber and became sati at his death.
  • Manbhavati Bai (b. c. 1599) – with Sobhagdeji – On the order of Jahangir, she was married to his second son, Parviz Mirza on c. 1624. Gaj Singh, her uterine brother, was granted the pargana of Merto for this marriage. After Parviz's death, she remained a resident of Jahangir's household.
  • Kalyankumvar Bai (d. young) – with Sobhagdeji.
  • Prabhavati Bai – with Mohini Paswan – She was married to Bhati Pancavat of Jaisalmer by her half-brother Gaj Singh.
  • Mrigavati Bai – with Amolakhdeji – She was married to Raja Jai Singh of Amber.
  • Indrakumvar Bai (28 July 1618 - c. 1622) – Narangdeji.

Ancestry[]

References[]

  1. ^ a b The Mertiyo Rathors of Merta, Rajasthan ; Volume I I. p. 50.
  2. ^ Bhargava, Visheshwar Sarup. Marwar And The Mughal Emperors (1526-1748). p. 58.
  3. ^ The Mertiyo Rathors of Merta, Rajasthan ; Volume II. p. 45.
  4. ^ Sarkar, J. N. A History Of Jaipur. p. 33.
  5. ^ a b Jahangirnama; Volume I. p. 140.
  6. ^ Bhargava, Visheshwar Sarup (1966). Marwar And The Mughal Emperors (1526-1748). pp. 62–63.
  7. ^ a b Bhargava, Visheshwar Sarup (1966). Marwar And The Mughal Emperors (1526-1748). p. 63.
  8. ^ a b Bhagava, Visheshwar Sarup (1966). Marwar And The Mughal Emperors (1526-1748). p. 65.
  9. ^ Jahangirnama Volume I. p. 153.
  10. ^ Bhagava, Visheshwar Sarup (1966). Marwar And The Mughal Emperors (1526-1748). p. 66.
  11. ^ Bhargava, Visheshwar Sarup (1966). Marwar and The Mughal Emperors (1526-1748). p. 67.
  12. ^ Jahangirnama, Volume II. p. 99.
  13. ^ Bhargava, Visheshwar Sarup (1966). Marwar And The Mughal Emperors (1526-1748). pp. 68–69.
  14. ^ a b c Mertiyo Rathors of Merta, Rajasthan Vol. II. pp. 50–54.
  15. ^ Shyam Singh Ratnawat, Krishna Gopal Sharma, History and culture of Rajasthan: from earliest times upto 1956 A.D. (1999), p.162
  16. ^ The Merto Rathors Of Merta, Rajasthan; Volume II (1966), p.29
  17. ^ Sarkar, Jadunath (1984). A History of Jaipur: C. 1503-1938. Orient Longman Limited. p. 28. ISBN 81-250-0333-9.

See also[]

  • Rulers of Marwar


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