Suwiryo

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Suwiryo
Suwirjo, Republik Indonesia, Kotapradja Djakarta-Raja, p187 (cropped).jpg
Deputy Prime Minister of Indonesia
In office
2 May 1951 – 1 April 1952
Prime MinisterSoekiman Wirjosandjojo
Preceded byHamengkubuwono IX
Succeeded byPrawoto Mangkusasmito
Mayor of Jakarta
In office
30 March 1950 – 2 May 1951
Preceded byHilman Djajadiningrat
(as Governor of Batavia)
Sastromoeljono
(as Mayor of Batavia)
Succeeded bySyamsurizal
In office
23 September 1945 – November 1947
Preceded byHasegawa Shigeo
Succeeded byElbert Marinus Stok
Chairman of Indonesian National Party
In office
28 July 1956 – 29 July 1960
Preceded bySidik Djojosukarto
Succeeded byAli Sastroamidjojo
Personal details
Born(1903-02-17)17 February 1903
Wonogiri, Surakarta, Dutch East Indies
Died27 August 1967(1967-08-27) (aged 64)
Bandung, Indonesia
Resting placeKalibata Heroes Cemetery

Raden Suwiryo (17 February 1903 – 27 August 1967) was an Indonesian politician who was the first Mayor of Jakarta after Indonesian independence, and was Deputy Prime Minister of Indonesia under the Soekiman government between 1951 and 1952.

Early life and career[]

Suwiryo was born in Wonogiri, then part of the Surakarta Sunanate, on 17 February 1903. After completing his education, he worked at the central statistical body, became a teacher, worked at an insurance company, and founded a pharmaceutical business. He became a participant in the Indonesian National Party, and upon its dissolution in 1931, was one of the co-founders of the succeeding Indonesia Party.[1]

Politics[]

Independence of Indonesia[]

During the Japanese occupation of Indonesia, Suwiryo worked as head of economic affairs at the headquarters of mobilization center Putera and later worked at  [id].[2] In 1945, he became a deputy mayor of Jakarta under Japanese mayor . Following the surrender of Japan, a group of Indonesian officials approached Hasegawa and requested him hand over power peacefully to Suwiryo on 7 September 1945. Though he refused the demand, Hasegawa stopped attending office, resulting in Suwiryo being de facto mayor.[3]

Suwiryo was elected by municipal employees of Jakarta's government as the new mayor on 23 September 1945.[3] During the early parts of the Indonesian National Revolution, Suwiryo continued to lead the city administration of Jakarta despite the military occupation of the allied forces. He also joined a committee which was meant to establish cooperation between the Indonesian police forces and the British military.[4] During this period, there was competition between the authorities established by the Dutch East Indies government and the Republican government, though in general the former focused on European affairs and the latter focused on the Indonesian inhabitants.[5]

Suwiryo was arrested by Dutch forces alongside some other Republican administrators on 20 July 1947, shortly before Operation Product.[6] After being arrested for several months, Suwiryo was flown to Yogyakarta - the Republic of Indonesia's new capital - in November 1947 and he became head of demographic affairs of the government, with Daan Jahja becoming the military governor of Jakarta.[1][7]

Second term[]

Following his reappointment as mayor by Sukarno on 17 February 1950 during the United States of Indonesia period,[1] Suwiryo began developing Jakarta as a metropolitan city, through development of new areas and issuance of some regulations. On 1951, he was appointed as Deputy Prime Minister and left the office, which was briefly vacant until Suwiryo was succeeded by Syamsurizal.[8]

Later career[]

After his time as deputy prime minister, Suwiryo worked at the Ministry of Home Affairs for some time, and became head of several state-owned banks such as  [id] in 1953, in addition to joining the Constitutional Assembly of Indonesia.[1][2][9] In the Indonesian National Party's July 1956 congress, he was elected party chairman following a narrow victory over Ki Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro. Under Suwiryo's tenure, the PNI underwent a decline and it lost ground to the Indonesian Communist Party in the provincial elections of 1957, while the party's leadership remained indecisive regarding the party's position on the increased political powers of the army and Sukarno's anti-parliamentary drive.[9] Suwiryo was often criticized by senior pro-parliamentary PNI members such as Sartono and Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo for his compromises with Sukarno. This eventually led to the fracturing of PNI's unity in its provincial branches, a number of members broke off and formed Partindo, and multiple army-backed PNI-affiliated organizations challenged Suwiryo's chairmanship.[10] Suwiryo was defeated by Ali Sastroamidjojo in the chairman vote during the July 1960 party congress.[11][12]

He died on 27 August 1967, and was buried in Kalibata Heroes Cemetery.[1][2]

References[]

Footnotes[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Suryana, Dede (28 June 2012). "Raden Suwiryo, Walikota Pertama Jakarta". Okezone (in Indonesian). Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Suwirjo - PNI (Partai Nasional Indonesia) - Member Profiles". Konstituante.Net.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b Cribb 1986, p. 130.
  4. ^ Cribb, Robert (2008). Gangsters and Revolutionaries: The Jakarta People's Militia and the Indonesian Revolution, 1945-1949. Equinox Publishing. pp. 74, 95. ISBN 9789793780719.
  5. ^ Cribb 1986, p. 133-135.
  6. ^ Cribb 1986, p. 142.
  7. ^ Kresna, Mawa (21 September 2016). "Ragam Profil Gubernur DKI, dari Henk Ngantung Hingga Ahok". tirto.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  8. ^ Sedyawati, Edi; Rahardjo, Supratnikno; Johan, Irmawati Marwoto; Ohorella, G. A. Manilet- (1986). Sejarah Kota Jakarta 1950-1980 (in Indonesian). Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan. p. 139.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b Rocamora 1970, pp. 147-148.
  10. ^ Rocamora 1970, pp. 149-150.
  11. ^ Rocamora 1970, p. 151.
  12. ^ "Perpecahan Internal Muluskan Jalan Soeharto Gembosi PNI Pasca-1965". tirto.id (in Indonesian). 27 April 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2021.

Bibliography[]

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