Swartzia
| Swartzia | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| Tribe: | Swartzieae |
| Genus: | Swartzia Schreb. |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Swartzia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. Swartzia is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, where it occurs primarily in lowland rainforests, but also in savannas, pre-montane forests, and tropical dry forests. While it can be found throughout the wet lowlands from Mexico and the Caribbean islands to southern Brazil and Bolivia, Swartzia is most abundant and species-rich in Amazonia, where 10–20 species may co-occur at a single site. The species of Swartzia are mostly trees, ranging from small understory treelets to large canopy emergents. Some species, especially in savannas, are mult-stemmed shrubs.
Fossil record[]
Many Swartzia fossils from the middle Eocene epoch are known from the United States. 5 fossil dehiscent seed pods and 50 fossil leaflets have been described from the Warman and Lawrence clay pits in Weakley and the Henry Counties, Tennessee. In addition 6 leaflets have been described from the New Lawrence and Miller clay pits in Henry County, Tennessee.[1]
List of species[]
More than 200 species have been described:[2][3]
- R. S. Cowan
- Vogel
- Moore
- Harms
- R. S. Cowan
- Schery
- R. S. Cowan
- Raddi
- var. apetala Raddi
- var. glabra (Vogel) R. S. Cowan
- R. S. Cowan
- DC.
- (Aubl.) Pittier
- Spruce ex Benth.
- Poepp.
- R. S. Cowan
- Sandwith
- Miq.
- Swartzia bombycina R. S. Cowan
- Harms
- R. S. Cowan
- R. S. Cowan
- R. S. Cowan
- Torke[4]
- Spruce ex Benth.
- Griseb.
- R. S. Cowan
- (R. S. Cowan) Torke[5]
- Spruce ex Benth.
- Benth.
- (Rusby) R. S. Cowan
- Steyerm.
- (Britton & P. Wilson) Standl.—katalox[6]
- R. S. Cowan
- R. S. Cowan
- Spruce ex Benth.
- Sandwith
- Willd. ex Vogel
- Ducke
- R. S. Cowan
- Huber
- (Ducke) Torke[5]
- Benth.
- R. S. Cowan
- Ducke
- Raddi
- Benth.
- R. S. Cowan
- R. S. Cowan
- R. S. Cowan
- R. S. Cowan
- (R. S. Cowan) Torke[5]
- (Taub.) Glaz.
- Bong. ex Benth.
- Rizzini
- (Donn. Sm.) Pittier
- (Aubl.) Urb.
- Swartzia haughtii R. S. Cowan
- Benth.
- Ducke
- R. S. Cowan
- Sandwith
- R. S. Cowan
- Harms
- (R. S. Cowan) Torke[5]
- R. S. Cowan
- (R. S. Cowan) Torke[5]
- R. S. Cowan
- Amshoff
- Ducke
- Raddi
- Benth.
- Benth.
- Benth.
- R. S. Cowan
- Benth.
- (Sandwith) Cowan
- Benth.
- Swartzia littlei R. S. Cowan
- Amshoff
- Sandwith
- Ducke
- R. S. Cowan
- Benth.
- Swartzia macrophylla Vogel
- Swartzia macrosema Harms
- Benth.
- Britton & Killip
- R. S. Cowan
- Torke[4]
- R. S. Cowan
- Benth.
- Lundell
- R. S. Cowan
- Benth.
- R. S. Cowan
- R. S. Cowan
- Vogel
- Sm.
- var. elegans (Schott) R. S. Cowan
- var. myrtifolia Sm.
- Swartzia nuda Schery
- Sandwith
- R. S. Cowan
- Benth.
- Huber
- Swartzia oraria R. S. Cowan
- R. S. Cowan
- Harms
- Swartzia panacoco (Aubl.) R. S. Cowan
- Schery
- Benth.
- R. S. Cowan
- (R. S. Cowan) Torke[5]
- Standl.
- R. S. Cowan
- Ducke
- Benth.
- Benth.
- R. S. Cowan
- (Vahl) Willd.
- Schery
- (R. S. Cowan) Torke[5]
- DC.
- R. S. Cowan
- Benth.
- Torke[4]
- Poepp.
- Swartzia rediviva R. S. Cowan
- Amshoff
- Ducke
- R. S. Cowan
- Swartzia robiniifolia Vogel
- Sandwith
- Martius ex Bentham[5]
- Swartzia santanderensis R. S. Cowan
- Benth.
- var. rigida R. S. Cowan
- var. schomburgkii Benth.
- R. S. Cowan
- R. S. Cowan
- Vogel
- (Sw.) Spreng.
- var. grandiflora (Raddi) Cowan
- var. ochnaceae (DC.) R. S. Cowan
- var. simplex (Sw.) Spreng.
- Benth.
- R. S. Cowan
- A.R. Molina
- Harms
- R. S. Cowan
- (Ducke) Ducke
- Benth.
- Urb.
- Harms
- R. S. Cowan
- Benth.
- R. S. Cowan
- Sandwith
Recent phylogenetic analyses have revealed several well-supported clades within Swartzia that roughly correspond to previously-erected sections and series in the genus.[7]
Nomina dubia[]
The following species may or may not be valid:[8]
- Swartzia alato-sericea Barneby
- Swartzia alternifoliolata Mansano
- Swartzia arenarium Ducke
- Swartzia aymardii Barneby
- Swartzia barnebyana Cuello
- Swartzia burchellii Mansano, G.P.Lewis & A.M.G.Azevedo
- Swartzia callistemon Spruce ex Benth.
- Swartzia capixabensis Mansano
- Swartzia capparioides Klotzsch
- Swartzia costaricensis (Britton) N. Zamora
- Swartzia coriaceifolia Torke
- Swartzia euxylophora Rizzini & A.Mattos
- Swartzia fasciata Rizzini & A. Mattos
- Swartzia flabellipetala Pittier
- Swartzia gracilis Pipoly & A. Rudas Lleras
- Swartzia guttata (D. Don) Standl.
- Swartzia hondurensis (Britton) Dugand
- Swartzia humboldtiana Cuello
- Swartzia invenusta Barneby
- Swartzia juruana Torke
- Swartzia linharensis Mansano
- Swartzia maquenqueana N. Zamora & D. Solano
- Swartzia mazaganensis Ledoux
- Swartzia mexicana M. Sousa & R. Grether
- Swartzia microcalyx Ducke
- Swartzia micropetala Schott
- Swartzia mutisii Britton & Killip
- Swartzia oedipus Barneby
- Swartzia nitens (Kunth) Vogel ex Steud.
- Swartzia oscarpintoana Pipoly & Rudas
- Swartzia palustris Barneby
- Swartzia parvipetala (R.S. Cowan) Mansano
- Swartzia picramnioides Standl. & L.O. Williams ex Torke & N. Zamora
- Swartzia pulcherrima Allem. ex Benth.
- Swartzia shnilis Benoist
- Swartzia stipularis Spruce ex Benth.
- Swartzia submarginata (Benth.) Mansano
- Swartzia subspicata Klotzsch
- Swartzia surinamensis Klotzsch
- Swartzia tomentosa DC.
- Swartzia triptera Barneby
- Swartzia zeledonensis Torke & N. Zamora
References[]
- ^ The Fossil History of Leguminosae from the Eocene of Southeastern North America by Patrick S. Herendeen, Advances in Legume Systematics: Part 4, The Fossil Record, Ed. P.S. Herendeen & Dilcher, 1992, The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, ISBN 0 947643 40 0
- ^ "ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for Swartzia". International Legume Database & Information Service. Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
- ^ USDA; ARS; National Genetic Resources Program. "GRIN species records of Swartzia". Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
- ^ a b c Torke BM (2007). "Three new species of Swartzia (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae) from northern South America". Bot J Linn Soc. 153 (3): 343–355. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00587.x.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Torke BM (2007). "New Combinations and Species-level Synonyms in Swartzia (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae)". Novon. 17 (1): 110–119. doi:10.3417/1055-3177(2007)17[110:NCASSI]2.0.CO;2.
- ^ Aguirre-Bravo C, Villa-Salas AB (June 1996). Partnerships for Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management: Fifth Mexico–U. S. Biennial Symposium. DIANE Publishing. pp. 58–68. ISBN 978-0-7881-2978-0. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
- ^ Torke BM, Schaal BA (2008). "Molecular phylogenetics of the species-rich neotropical genus Swartzia (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) and related genera of the swartzioid clade". Am J Bot. 95 (2): 215–228. doi:10.3732/ajb.95.2.215. PMID 21632346.
- ^ "The Plant List entry for Swartzia". The Plant List. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
External links[]
Media related to Swartzia at Wikimedia Commons
- Swartzia
- Fabaceae genera