Sycamore processor

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The Sycamore processor

Sycamore is a quantum processor created by Google Inc.'s Artificial Intelligence division.[1] It has 53 qubits.

In 2019, Sycamore completed a task in 200 seconds that Google claimed, in a Nature paper, would take a state-of-the-art supercomputer 10,000 years to finish. Thus, Google claimed to have achieved quantum supremacy. To estimate the time that would be taken by a classical supercomputer, Google ran portions of the quantum circuit simulation on the Summit, the most powerful classical computer in the world.[2][3][4][5] Later, IBM made a counter-argument, claiming that the task would only take 2.5 days on a classical system like Summit.[6][7] If Google's claims are upheld, then it would represent an exponential leap in computing power.[8][9][10][11]

In August 2020 quantum engineers working for Google reported the largest chemical simulation on a quantum computer – a Hartree-Fock approximation with Sycamore paired with a classical computer that analyzed results to provide new parameters for the 12-qubit system.[12][13][14]

In April 2021, researchers working with Sycamore reported that they were able to realize the ground state of the toric code, a topologically ordered state, with 31 qubits. They showed long-range entanglement properties of the state by measuring non-zero topological entropy, simulating anyon interferometry and their braiding statistics, and preparing a topological quantum error correcting code with one logical qubit.[15]

In July 2021, a collaboration consisting of Google and multiple universities reported the observation of a discrete time crystal on the Sycamore processor. The chip of 20 qubits was used to obtain a many body localization configuration of up and down spins. The configuration was stimulated with a laser to achieve a periodically driven "Floquet" system where all up spins are flipped for down and vice versa in periodic cycles which are multiples of the laser’s cycles. No energy was absorbed from the laser so the system remained in a protected eigenstate order.[16][17]

References[]

  1. ^ Kan, Michael (October 23, 2019). "Google Claims Quantum Computing Achievement, IBM Says Not So Fast". PCMAG.
  2. ^ Arute, Frank; Arya, Kunal; Babbush, Ryan; Bacon, Dave; Bardin, Joseph C.; Barends, Rami; Biswas, Rupak; Boixo, Sergio; Brandao, Fernando G. S. L.; Buell, David A.; Burkett, Brian (October 2019). "Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor". Nature. 574 (7779): 505–510. arXiv:1910.11333. Bibcode:2019Natur.574..505A. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1666-5. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 31645734.
  3. ^ "Google claims 'quantum supremacy' for computer". BBC News. 23 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  4. ^ "Hello quantum world! Google publishes landmark quantum supremacy claim". Nature. 23 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  5. ^ "Google Claims Breakthrough in Blazingly Fast Computing". The New York Times. 2019-10-23. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-11-03.
  6. ^ "On "Quantum Supremacy"". IBM Research Blog. 2019-10-22. Retrieved 2019-10-28.
  7. ^ Whyte, Chelsea (October 5, 2019). "What next for quantum computers?". New Scientist. 243 (3250): 15. doi:10.1016/S0262-4079(19)31852-4.
  8. ^ Shankland, Stephen. "Quantum supremacy? Done. Now the hard work begins for mere quantum practicality". CNET.
  9. ^ Savage, Neil. "Hands-On with Google's Quantum Computer". Scientific American.
  10. ^ Mack, Eric (October 24, 2019). "No, Google and Its Quantum Computer Aren't Killing Bitcoin Anytime Soon". Inc.com.
  11. ^ "IBM Search". www.ibm.com. February 26, 2018.
  12. ^ "Google conducts largest chemical simulation on a quantum computer to date". phys.org. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  13. ^ Savage, Neil. "Google's Quantum Computer Achieves Chemistry Milestone". Scientific American. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  14. ^ Google AI Quantum Collaborators (28 August 2020). "Hartree-Fock on a superconducting qubit quantum computer". Science. 369 (6507): 1084–1089. arXiv:2004.04174. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1084.. doi:10.1126/science.abb9811. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32855334. S2CID 215548188. Retrieved 7 September 2020. {{cite journal}}: |author1= has generic name (help)
  15. ^ Satzinger, K. J.; Liu, Y.; Smith, A.; Knapp, C.; Newman, M.; Jones, C.; Chen, Z.; Quintana, C.; Mi, X.; Dunsworth, A.; Gidney, C. (2021-04-02). "Realizing topologically ordered states on a quantum processor". arXiv:2104.01180 [quant-ph].
  16. ^ Mi, Xiao; Ippoliti, Matteo; Quintana, Chris; Greene, Amy; Chen, Zijun; Gross, Jonathan; Arute, Frank; Arya, Kunal; Atalaya, Juan; Babbush, Ryan; Bardin, Joseph C. (2021-07-28). "Observation of Time-Crystalline Eigenstate Order on a Quantum Processor". arXiv:2107.13571 [quant-ph].
  17. ^ Wolchover, Natalie (2021-07-30). "Eternal Change for No Energy: A Time Crystal Finally Made Real". Quanta Magazine. Retrieved 2021-07-30.
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