Symbiotaphrina
Symbiotaphrina | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Fungi
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Division: | |
Subdivision: | |
Class: | |
Order: | |
Family: | |
Genus: | Symbiotaphrina Kühlw. & Jurzitza ex W. Gams & Arx
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Type species | |
Symbiotaphrina buchneri Gräbner ex W. Gams & Arx
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Symbiotaphrina is a genus including seven species of fungi in the phylum Ascomycota, distantly related to other Pezizomycotina.[1][2]
Taxonomy[]
Sexual states of Symbiotaphrina species (formerly included in the genus Tromeropsis) are black disk-shaped apothecia with multi-spored asci, and one-celled, unpigmented ascospores. The apothecia can revived for several years when dry.[2]
The asexual states of Symbiotraphrina species are yeast-like endosymbionts of Anobiid beetles (e.g. the cigarette beetle Lasioderma and the related Stegobium). The ellipsoidal yeast cells have monopolar budding.[3] A few species also have mycelial asexual states with conidium-producing pores ("phialides") in somatic hyphae.[2]
Ecology and physiology[]
Symbiotaphrina species can be found on dry, decayed wood. A few live in Anobiid beetles in a specialized structure (a "mycetome") between the fore- and mid-gut. Cells are transmitted between host generations when adults rub them onto egg surfaces eaten by hatched larvae. These fungi assist beetles with B-vitamin biosynthesis, fatty acid and sterol metabolism, and break down flavonoids and other toxins.[4]
Symbiotic Symbiotaphrina species can be isolated in axenic culture by aseptically dissecting beetle guts, spreading them onto agar, with incubation at 26 °C.[5]
References[]
- ^ Jones, KG; Blackwell, M (1996). "Ribosomal DNA sequence analysis places the yeast-like genus Symbiotaphrina within filamentous ascomycetes". Mycologia. 88 (2): 212–218.
- ^ a b c Baral, HO; Weber, E; Marson, G; Quijada, L (2018). "A new connection between wood saprobism and beetle endosymbiosis: the rarely reported saprobic discomycete Tromeropsis is congeneric with the symbiotic yeast Symbiotaphrina (Symbiotaphrinales, Xylonomycetes) and two asexual morphs misplaced in Hyphozyma". Mycological Progress. 17 (1): 215–254.
- ^ Jurzitza, G (1964). "Studien an der symbiose der anobiiden". Archiv für Mikrobiologie. 49 (4): 331–340.
- ^ Shen, SK; Dowd, PF (Detoxification spectrum of the cigarette beetle symbiont Symbiotaphrina kochii in culture). "Detoxification spectrum of the cigarette beetle symbiont Symbiotaphrina kochii in culture". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 60 (1): 331–340. Check date values in:
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(help) - ^ Noda, H; Kodama, K (1996). "Phylogenetic position of yeastlike endosymbionts of anobiid beetles". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 62 (1): 162–167.
External links[]
- Pezizomycotina