Synechodontiformes

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Synechodontiformes
Temporal range: 290.1–37.2 Ma
Sphenodus nitidus 4.jpg
Fossil of
Paraorthacodus jurensis.JPG
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Chondrichthyes
Superorder: Squalomorphii
Order: †Synechodontiformes
Duffin & Ward, 1993[1]
Families

See text

Synechodontiformes is an extinct order of prehistoric sharks, known from the Permian to the Paleogene. They are a stem-group of Neoselachii, the group that contains modern sharks and rays. They were previously considered a paraphyletic grouping, but recent studies have recovered the group as monophyletic. Members of the clade are united by two synapomorphies, "pseudopolyaulacorhize tooth root pattern present; labial root depression in basal view present".[2] The oldest possible member of the clade are teeth from the early Permian (Cisuralian) of the Ural Mountains.[3]

Taxonomy[]

Primarily after Klug (2010)[2]

  • †Orthacodontidae de Beaumont, 1960
    • † Agassiz, 1843 Early Jurassic - Paleocene[4]
    • † Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet, 2014, France, Early Cretaceous (Valanginian)[5]
  • † Underwood & Ward, 2004a
    • †Welcommia Cappetta, 1990
    • † Underwood & Ward, 2004a
  • †Palaeospinacidae Regan, 1906
    • †Antrigoulia Guinot, Cappetta, & Adnet, 2014 France, Early Cretaceous (Valanginian)[5]
    • †Synechodus Woodward, 1888 Rhaetian-Paleocene[6]
    • † Klug & Kriwet, 2008
  • †Paraorthacodontidae Klug, 2010
  • Incertae sedis
    • †Rhomphaiodon Duffin, 1993a
    • † Cuny et al., 2001
    • † Koot & Cuny, 2014[7] Early Triassic, Oman
    • † Koot & Cuny, 2014 Early Triassic, Oman

References[]

  1. ^ C. J. Duffin and D. J. Ward. 1993. The Early Jurassic Palaeospinacid sharks of Lyme Regis, southern England. Belgian Geological Survey, Professional Papers, Elasmobranches et Stratigraphie 264:53-102
  2. ^ a b Klug, Stefanie (2010). "Monophyly, phylogeny and systematic position of the †Synechodontiformes (Chondrichthyes, Neoselachii)". Zoologica Scripta. 39 (1): 37–49. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2009.00399.x. ISSN 1463-6409.
  3. ^ Ivanov, Alexander (2005-08-30). "Early Permian chondrichthyans of the Middle and South Urals" (PDF). Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 8 (2): 127–138. doi:10.4072/rbp.2005.2.05.
  4. ^ Kanno, Shiori; Nakajima, Yasuhisa; Hikida, Yoshinori; Sato, Tamaki (2017-04-01). "Sphenodus (Chondrichthyes, Neoselachii) from the Upper Cretaceous in Nakagawa Town, Hokkaido, Japan". Paleontological Research. 21 (2): 122. doi:10.2517/2016PR009. ISSN 1342-8144.
  5. ^ a b Guinot, Guillaume; Cappetta, Henri; Adnet, Sylvain (March 2014). "A rare elasmobranch assemblage from the Valanginian (Lower Cretaceous) of southern France". Cretaceous Research. 48: 54–84. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2013.11.014.
  6. ^ Batchelor, Trevor J.; Duffin, Christopher J. (August 2020). "First description of sharks' teeth from the Ferruginous Sands Formation (Aptian, Early Cretaceous) of the Isle of Wight". Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. 131 (3–4): 353–359. doi:10.1016/j.pgeola.2019.06.004.
  7. ^ Koot, Martha B.; Cuny, Gilles; Orchard, Michael J.; Richoz, Sylvain; Hart, Malcolm B.; Twitchett, Richard J. (2015-10-03). "New hybodontiform and neoselachian sharks from the Lower Triassic of Oman". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 13 (10): 891–917. doi:10.1080/14772019.2014.963179. ISSN 1477-2019.

External links[]


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