T4-Gutachter
Action T4 marker (2009) in Berlin
The T4-Gutachter (in English, 'Action T4 experts') were medical experts who were employed by the Zentraldienststelle-T4 to organize and carry out the Action T4 euthanasia program in Nazi Germany. Based on reporting forms with information about the mentally ill and disabled, they decided who would be killed in "euthanasia" centers. An internal document from the organization shows a list of 40 physicians who were among those who worked for Action T4.[1]
List of Action T4 experts[]
| Doctor | Lifespan | Period as expert |
|---|---|---|
| Pfannmüller, Hermann (DE) | 8 June 1886 – 10 April 1961 | From 17 November 1939 |
| Wagenknecht, Ernst | 23 October 1880 – ? | 17 November 1939 – 16 February 1940 |
| Hefter, Ernst (DE) | 11 January 1906 – 11 April 1947 | From 17 November 1939 |
| Heinze, Hans | 18 October 1895 – 2 February 1983 | From 17 November 1939 |
| Kaldewey, Walter (DE) | 10 December 1896 – 13 January 1954 | 28 February 1940 – 29 January 1941 |
| Carl-Heinz Rodenberg | 19 November 1904 – 1995 | 28 February 1940 – 14 October 1940 |
| Schreck, Arthur (DE) | 15 August 1878 – 3 October 1963 | 28 February 1940 – 30 November 1940 |
| Steinmeyer, Theodor (DE) | 7 December 1897 – 26 May 1945 | From 28 February 1940 |
| Hermann Paul Nitsche | 25 November 1876 – 25 March 1947 | From 28 February 1940 |
| Mennecke, Friedrich (DE) | 6 October 1904 – 28 December 1947 | From 28 February 1940 |
| Friedrich Panse | 30 March 1899 – 6 December 1973 | 14 May 1940 – 16 December 1940 |
| Carl Schneider | 19 December 1891 – 11 December 1946 | From 20 April 1940 |
| Pohlisch, Kurt (DE) | 28 March 1893 – 6 February 1955 | 30 April 1940 – 6 January 1941 |
| Zucker, Konrad (DE) | 7 December 1893 – 31 August 1978 | From 8 May 1940 |
| Renno, Georg (DE) | 13 January 1907 – 4 October 1997 | From 31 May 1940 |
| Reisch, Otto (DE) | 23 October 1891 – 1977 | 30 April 1940 – 2 July 1940 |
| Hebold, Otto (DE) | 27 July 1896 – 4 January 1975 | From 8 May 1940 |
| Lonauer, Rudolf (DE) | 9 January 1907 – 5 May 1945 | From 9 May 1940 |
| Schmitz, Hans-Alois | 1 July 1899 – 6 March 1973 | 30 July 1940 – 14 November 1940 |
| Kihn, Berthold (DE) | 10 March 1895 – 19 January 1964 | From 5 June 1940 |
| Munckwitz, Günter | 13 March 1912 – 1970 | 25 July 1940 – 31 January 1941 |
| Schumacher, Wilhelm | 19 November 1908 – ? | From 5 August 1940 |
| Begusch, Oskar (DE) | 21 January 1897 – 11 January 1944 | 2 September 1940 – 4 July 1941 |
| Sorger, Ernst (DE) | 19 November 1892 – 9 August 1945 | 2 September 1940 – 8 March 1941 |
| Schmidt, Walter (DE) | 9 July 1910 – 31 January 1970 | 2 September 1940 – December 1940 |
| Friedrich Mauz | 1 May 1900 – 7 July 1979 | From 6 September 1940 |
| Faltlhauser, Valentin (DE) | 28 November 1876 – 8 January 1961 | From 6 September 1940 |
| Heene, Hanns | 11 August 1896 – 13 April 1948 | 6 September 1940 – December 1940 |
| Fehringer, Franz | 14 June 1903 – ? | 6 September 1940 – 13 January 1941 |
| Bertha, Hans (DE) | 14 April 1901 – 3 January 1964 | 30 September 1940 – March 1941 |
| Jekelius, Erwin (DE) | 5 June 1905 – 8 May 1952 | 14 October 1940 – February 1941 |
| Müller, Robert | 14 January 1886 – 2 June 1945 | From 4 March 1941 |
| Werner Villinger | 9 October 1887 – 8 August 1961 | From 28 March 1941 |
| Straub, Erich (DE) | 26 August 1885 – 29 April 1945 | From 8 July 1941 |
| Wischer, Gerhard (DE) | 1 February 1903 – 4 November 1950 | From 2 August 1941 |
| Schmalenbach, Curt (DE) | 24 February 1910 – 15 June 1944 | From 28 August 1941 |
| Ratka, Victor (DE) | 27 December 1895 – 5 April 1966 | From 10 September 1941 |
| Runckel, Curd | 4 August 1913 – ? | from 3 October 1942 |
| Schulz, Alfred | 13 September 1890 – 1947 | From 7 May 1943 |
| Schneider, Gustav | 15 April 1908 – ? | From 31 May 1943 (?) |
Copies of the reporting forms were dispatched to three or four of the above experts. The results were sent to the T4-Zentraldienststelle and presented to one of the three Obergutachter (top experts), who had the final word.
List of Action T4 top experts[]
| Person | Lifespan | Period as expert |
| Werner Heyde | 25 April 1902 – 13 February 1964 | October 1939 – December 1941 |
| Hermann Paul Nitsche | 25 November 1876 – 25 March 1948 | From 28 February 1940 |
| Herbert Linden (DE) | 14 September 1899 – 27 April 1945 | From October 1939 |
List of experts for child euthanasia[]
There were also three medical experts for the "euthanasia" of children, starting a little before the Action T4 for adults:[2][3]
| Person | Lifespan | Period as expert |
| Werner Catel | 27 June 1894 – 30 April 1961 | From autumn 1939 |
| Hans Heinze | 18 October 1895 – 2 February 1983 | From autumn 1939 |
| Ernst Wentzler (DE) | 3 September 1891 – 9 August 1973 | From autumn 1939 |
References[]
- ^ Heidelberger Document, Blatt 127891, cited according to the facsimile in Klee "'Euthanasie' im NS-Staat", p. 228.
- ^ This article incorporates information from the corresponding article in the Spanish Wikipedia
- ^ This article incorporates information from the corresponding article in the German Wikipedia
Bibliography[]
- Ernst Klee: "Euthanasie" im NS-Staat. Die "Vernichtung lebensunwerten Lebens"; Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer Verlag, 1983; ISBN 3-10-039303-1
- Götz Aly (Hg.): Aktion T4 1939-1945. Die "Euthanasie"-Zentrale in der Tiergartenstraße 4; Berlin: Edition Hentrich, 1989, ISBN 3-926175-66-4
Categories:
- Aktion T4 personnel
- Physicians in the Nazi Party