Tanaidacea

Tanaidacea
	Tanaissus lilljeborgi; (a tanaid from the North Sea)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Crustacea
Class:	Malacostraca
Superorder:	Peracarida
Order:	Tanaidacea; Dana, 1849
Suborders
	†; ; ;

The crustacean order Tanaidacea (known as tanaids) make up a minor group within the class Malacostraca. There are about 940 species in this order.

Description[]

Tanaids are small, shrimp-like creatures ranging from 0.5 to 120 millimetres (0.020 to 4.7 in) in adult size, with most species being from 2 to 5 millimetres (0.08 to 0.2 in). Their carapace covers the first two segments of the thorax. There are three pairs of limbs on the thorax; a small pair of maxillipeds, a pair of large clawed gnathopods, and a pair of pereiopods adapted for burrowing into the mud. Unusually among crustaceans, the remaining six thoracic segments have no limbs at all, but each of the first five abdominal segments normally carry pleopods. The final segment is fused with the telson and carries a pair of uropods.^[1]

The gills lie on the inner surface of the carapace. The thoracic limbs wash water towards the mouth, filtering out small particles of food with the mouthparts or maxillipeds. Some species actively hunt prey, either as their only food source, or in combination with filter feeding.^[1]

Habitat[]

Most are marine, but some are also found in freshwater coastal habitat or estuaries. The majority of species are bottom-dwellers in shallow water environments, but a few live in very deep water, exceeding for some species 9,000 metres (30,000 ft). In some deep sea environment, they represent the most abundant and diverse fauna to be found.

Life cycle[]

Tanaids do not undergo a true planktonic stage. The early developmental period is spent while young are within the marsupium of the mother. Subsequently, post-larvae, called mancas, emerge as epibenthic forms. Some species are hermaphroditic.^[1]

Taxonomy[]

The order Tanaidacea is divided into the following sub-orders, superfamilies and families:^[2]

Suborder †
- - Family † Brooks, 1962 emend. Schram, 1979
  - Family † Polz, 2005

Suborder
- Superfamily Leach, 1814 (incl. former superfamily Jurapseudoidea^[3])
  - Family Apseudellidae Gutu, 1972
  - Family Apseudidae Leach, 1814
  - Family Heard et al. 2020
  - Family Gigantapseudidae Kudinova-Pasternak, 1978
  - Family † Schram, Sieg & Malzahn, 1986
  - Family Kalliapseudidae Lang, 1956
  - Family Metapseudidae Lang, 1970
  - Family Gutu & Heard, 2002
  - Family Heard et al. 2020
  - Family Pagurapseudidae Lang, 1970
  - Family Pagurapseudopsididae Gutu, 2006
  - Family Parapseudidae Gutu, 1981
  - Family Heard et al. 2020
  - Family Larsen, 2012
  - Family Sphyrapodidae Gutu, 1980
  - Family Tanzanapseudidae Bacescu, 1975
  - Family Whiteleggiidae Gutu, 1972
  - Genus † Reiff, 1936

- Superfamily † Schram, Sieg, Malzahn, 1983
  - Family † Schram, Sieg & Malzahn, 1986

Suborder
- Superfamily Sieg, 1980
  - Family Neotanaidae Lang, 1956
- Superfamily Lang, 1949
  - Family Lang, 1971
  - Family Akanthophoreidae Sieg, 1986
  - Family † Vonk & Schram, 2007
  - Family Anarthruridae Lang, 1971
  - Family Larsen & Wilson, 2002
  - Family Sieg, 1977
  - Family Bird, 2012
  - Family Leptocheliidae Lang, 1973
  - Family Sieg, 1976
  - Family Blazewicz-Paszkowycz & Bamber, 2009
  - Family Nototanaidae Sieg, 1976
  - Family Paratanaidae Lang, 1949
  - Family incertae sedis
  - Family Pseudotanaidae Sieg, 1976
  - Family Pseudozeuxidae Sieg, 1982
  - Family Larsen & Wilson, 2002
  - Family Bird & Larsen, 2009
  - Family Błażewicz-Paszkowycz & Bamber, 2012
  - Family Bamber, 2008
  - Family Typhlotanaidae Sieg, 1984
- Superfamily Nobili, 1906
  - Family Tanaididae Nobili, 1906

References[]

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 768–769. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
^ WoRMS (2018). "Tanaidacea". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved May 7, 2018.
^ Richard W. Heard; Andrés G. Morales-Núñez; María de Lourdes Serrano-Sánchez; Marco A. Coutiño; Ricardo Barragán; Francisco J. Vega (2020). "A new family, genus and species of Tanaidacea (Crustacea; Apseudomorpha) from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) of Chiapas, Mexico: Systematic revisions , including designation of two new Paleozoic families, and paleoenvironmental observations". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 102: Article 102609. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102609.

External links[]

Data related to Tanaidacea at Wikispecies

[IZ-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 768–769. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.

[2] WoRMS (2018). "Tanaidacea". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved May 7, 2018.

[HeardEtAl-3] Richard W. Heard; Andrés G. Morales-Núñez; María de Lourdes Serrano-Sánchez; Marco A. Coutiño; Ricardo Barragán; Francisco J. Vega (2020). "A new family, genus and species of Tanaidacea (Crustacea; Apseudomorpha) from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) of Chiapas, Mexico: Systematic revisions , including designation of two new Paleozoic families, and paleoenvironmental observations". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 102: Article 102609. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102609.

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