Tashigang, Ngari Prefecture

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Tashigang
བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་་
Zhaxigang Village
Tashigang is located in Tibet
Tashigang
Tashigang
Coordinates: 32°30′35″N 79°40′34″E / 32.50972°N 79.67611°E / 32.50972; 79.67611
CountryChina
RegionTibet
PrefectureNgari Prefecture
CountyGar County
Postal code
859000
Area code(s)0897
Zhaxigang
Chinese扎西崗村
Simplified Chinese扎西岗村
Hanyu PinyinZhā xī gǎng cūn
Literal meaning"Tashigang Village"

Tashigang[1][a] (Tibetan: བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་, Wylie: bkra shis sgang, THL: tra shi gang, transl. "auspicious hillock"),[9] with a Chinese spelling Zhaxigang (Chinese: 扎西崗村; pinyin: Zhā xī gǎng cūn), is a village in the Gar County of the Ngari Prefecture, Tibet.[10][11][12] The village forms the central district of the Zhaxigang Township. It houses an ancient monastery dating to the 11th century.

Geography[]

Gar and Sengge Zangbo valleys, with Tashigang at their confluence; Demchok is further down the Indus Valley (which is a continuation of the Gar Valley).

Tashigang is in the Indus Valley, close to the border with Ladakh (Indian union territory), near the confluence of the Sengge Zangbo and Gartang rivers (the two headwaters of the Indus River).[4] Sven Hedin described the Tashigang monastery as follows:

Right in front of us the monastery Tashi-gang gradually grows larger. Its walls are erected on the top of an isolated rock of solid porphyrite, which crops up from the bottom of the Indus valley like an island drawn out from north to south. ... on the short side stand two round free-standing towers, ... The whole is surrounded by a moat 10 feet deep...[13]

Tashigang was described by European travellers in the 18th and 19th centuries as the first Tibetan village, as they travelled from Ladakh towards Kailas–Manasarovar.[8] It was at a distance of a day's march from Demchok, which was regarded as the Ladakh–Tibet border since the 17th-century Treaty of Tingmosgang between the two nations.[14]

History[]

Gar and Sengge Zangbo valleys mapped by Henry Strachey, 1851
1936 Survey of India map of the region

During the Tibetan Era of Fragmentation, Kyide Nyimagon, a descendant of emperor Langdarma escaped to Western Tibet (called Ngari in the sources) and established himself at a location stated as "Kharmar [mKhar-dmar] of Rala", where he built a fort. This location is most likely between Tashigang and present day town of Shiquanhe, the headquarters of Ngari Prefecture.[15] (See Strachey's map.) Subsequently, Nyimagon expanded his kingdom to the entire Ngari. After his death, the kingdom was divided among his three sons, the eldest son receiving Maryul (Ladakh), the second son receiving Guge-Purang and the third son Zanskar (in western Ladakh). According to the current interpretations of the sources, Ladakh's southern border was at Demchok Karpo, a stony white peak beside the Ladakhi village of Demchok.[16] This would place Tashigang and the original Kharmar fort in the kingdom of Guge.

A monastery was founded at Tashigang by the New Tantra Tradition school of Rinchen Zangpo during the 10th–11th centuries.[17] During the 13th-14th centuries, it was converted into a Kagyu monastery, along with several others in western Guge. Karl Ryavec suggests that this may have happened due to some political decline in the kingdom.[18]

Ladakhi ruler Sengge Namgyal (r. 1616–1642) conquered and annexed Guge in 1630.[19] He is credited with building a new monastery at Tashigang.[20] It was a Drukpa monastery associated with Taktsang Repa.[21][22]

Demographics[]

In 2013, Zhaxigang Village consisted of 111 households with a total of 332 people.[23]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Alternative spellings include Trashigang,[2] Tashikang,[3] Tashigong[4][5] and Tashegong.[6] Older spellings were "Tushigung" (also "Chang Tushigung"),[1] "Trescy-Khang", and "Tuzhzheegong".[7][8]

References[]

  1. ^ a b Lange, Decoding Mid-19th Century Maps (2017), p. 354.
  2. ^ Shakabpa, One Hundred Thousand Moons (2009), pp. 583–584.
  3. ^ Strachey, Capt. H. (1853). "Physical Geography of Western Tibet". The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, Volume 23. Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain). pp. 1–68.
  4. ^ a b Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak (1890), p. 374.
  5. ^ Arpi, Claude (December 2016) [abridged version published in Indian Defence Review, 19 May 2017], The Case of Demchok (PDF)
  6. ^ Cheema, Crimson Chinar (2015), p. 108.
  7. ^ Report of the Officials, Indian Report (2016), p. 42 (SW80).
  8. ^ a b Fisher, Rose & Huttenback, Himalayan Battleground (1963), pp. 105–106: "The earliest of these was the account by an Italian Jesuit, Ippolito Desideri, who traveled this route in 1716 and who described "Trescy-Khang" (Tashigong) as a "town on the frontier between Second and Third Tibet [i.e., between Ladakh and Tibet]". In 1820, J. B. Fraser published an itinerary of this same route which indicated that "Donzog [Demchok], thus far in Ludhak" was reached on the eleventh stage and on the following day "Tuzhzheegong (a Chinese fort)."
  9. ^ "Tashigang Border Defense Company's "defense those things"". China Youth Daily. 2011-11-04. Archived from the original on 2012-01-08.
  10. ^ "Introduction to Zhaxigang Village". www.tcmap.com.cn. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  11. ^ "Tibetan departments to change the style of work". China News Service. 2013-10-16.
  12. ^ "Tibet 10,000 cadres relayed to the village work to serve the masses". www.gov.cn. 2015-11-16.
  13. ^ Lange, Decoding Mid-19th Century Maps (2017), p. 356.
  14. ^ Emmer, the Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal War (2007), pp. 99–100: "The frontier with Tibet was fixed at the Lha ri stream at Bde mchog (Demchok), approximately at that place where it is even today."
  15. ^ Ahmad, The Ancient Frontier of Ladakh (1960), p. 313.
  16. ^ Ahmad, New Light on the Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal War (1968), p. 340.
  17. ^ Ryavec, A Historical Atlas of Tibet (2015), p. 75.
  18. ^ Ryavec, A Historical Atlas of Tibet (2015), p. 77.
  19. ^ Fisher, Rose & Huttenback, Himalayan Battleground (1963).
  20. ^ Prem Singh Jina (1996), Ladakh: The Land and the People, Indus Publishing, p. 88, ISBN 978-81-7387-057-6
  21. ^ Jinpa, Why did Tibet and Ladakh Clash? (2015), pp. 134–135.
  22. ^ Handa, Buddhist Western Himalaya (2001): "During the reign of Senge Namgyel and his successor, Deldan Namgyel,... the Mahasiddha [Taktsang Repa] got many monasteries built. Magnificent monasteries were built at Hemis, Theg-mchog (Chemrey), Anle [Hanle] and Tashigong."
  23. ^ "The basic situation of each township in Gaer County". www.xzge.gov.cn. 2015-03-19. Archived from the original on 2017-07-28.

Bibliography[]

External links[]

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