Teodor Shanin

show This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian. (April 2014) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Russian article. Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 2,175 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at [[:ru:Шанин, Теодор]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated|ru|Шанин, Теодор}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Teodor Shanin OBE
Shanin in 2014
Born	(1930-10-29)29 October 1930 Vilnius
Died	4 February 2020(2020-02-04) (aged 89) Moscow, Russia
Nationality	British
Spouse(s)	Shulamit Ramon
Academic background
Alma mater	Hebrew University of Jerusalem University of Birmingham
Thesis	Cyclical Mobility and Political Consciousness of Russian Peasants 1910–1925 (1970)
Doctoral advisor	R. E. F. Smith
Influences	Paul A. Baran Mark Bloch Alexander Chayanov C. Wright Mills Paul Sweezy
Academic work
Discipline	Sociology
Institutions	University of Sheffield University of Haifa St Antony's College, Oxford University of Manchester Moscow School for the Social and Economic Sciences
Notable works	The Awkward Class (1972)

Teodor Shanin OBE (1930–2020) was a British sociologist who was for many years Professor of Sociology at the University of Manchester. He was credited with pioneering the study of Russian peasantry in the West, and is best known for his first book, The Awkward Class: Political Sociology of Peasantry in a Developing Society, Russia, 1910–25 (Clarendon Press, 1972).^[1] After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Shanin moved to Russia where, with funding from The Open Society Institute, Ford Foundation and others, he founded the Moscow School for the Social and Economic Sciences in 1995.^[2] Shanin was President of the Moscow School, Professor Emeritus of the University of Manchester, and an Honorary Fellow of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences.^[3]

His main research interests were Marxism, peasant studies, historical sociology, sociology of knowledge, informal economies, epistemology, and higher education.^[4]

In 2002 he was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for service to education in Russia.^[5]

Biography[]

Teodor Shanin was born in Wilno on 29 October 1930. He was exiled to Siberia in 1941 and after being freed on amnesty lived in Samarkand, Lodz, and Paris.

In early 1948 he left for Palestine to take part in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War (Palmach: Harel brigade). In 1952 he graduated from the , followed by a professional career in social work. He graduated from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1962 and completed his PhD in sociology in 1970 at the University of Birmingham (where his dissertation was titled Cyclical Mobility and Political Consciousness of Russian Peasants 1910–1925). He became a lecturer at Sheffield University, and in 1974 he was appointed Professor of Sociology at Manchester University. He was an Honorary Fellow of the , Rector of the Moscow School for the Social and Economic Sciences, a Fellow at St Antony's College, Oxford, and Visiting Professor at Ann Arbor Columbia University (US).

Shanin was one of the originators of contemporary peasant studies. He made his name with his books The Awkward Class and Peasants and Peasant Societies, the latter of which was reprinted numerous times and in many languages. For a time it was a basic textbook delimiting the topic. Shanin was one of the initial team of editors of The Journal of Peasant Studies. His other works and teaching addressed historical sociology, social economics, epistemology, interdisciplinary studies, political sciences and rural history. He paid particular attention to conceptualization and analysis of the so-called "developing societies". His fieldwork was in Iran, Mexico, Tanzania, and Russia. Shanin's methods stressed particularly interdisciplinary issues, and pointed at meeting of sociology with history, economics, philosophy, and political sciences. He described himself professionally as a historical sociologist.

Much of Shanin's work was given to Russia and bringing to life methodological traditions of Russia's rural studies of the early 20th century. It was also Russia where his research spilled into active involvement in organization within the educational sphere. This began in the early days of perestroika when, together with academician Tatyana Zaslavskaya, he set up schools for up-training of young Soviet sociologists. The high point of those efforts became creation in 1995 of a Russian-English post-graduate university: the Moscow School for the Social and Economic Sciences, whose first Rector he became. He was President of that graduate university. He was also instrumental in setting up of the InterCentre – a multi-disciplinary research unit of MSSES. Central to his vision and analytical work were efforts to overcome the over-simplifications of the theories of "progress". His works reflected impacts of scholars whom Shanin considered his teachers: Mark Bloch, Alexander Chayanov, C. Wright Mills, and Paul A. Baran. In his later research, he put forward the concept of expolary economies – types of informal economy which challenge neoclassical economics and its relationship to state policies.^[4]

Shanin died on 4 February 2020 in Moscow.

Selected publications[]

Books in English[]

• Alavi, Hamza & Shanin, Teodor (2003) Introduction to the Sociology of "Developing Societies", Monthly Review Press
• "Defining Peasants: Essays Concerning Rural Societies: Expolary economies and Learning from Them” Blackwell Publishing, 1990;
• “Revolution as a Moment of Truth: 1905-1907→1917-1922” Yale University Press, 1986;
• “Russia as a Developing Society: Roots of Otherness, Russia's Turn of Century” Macmillan, 1985;
• Late Marx and the Russian Road: Marx and the Peripheries of Capitalism", Routledge, GB. Monthly Review US, 1983;
• “The Rules of the Game: Models in Contemporary Scholarly Thought” (ed.) Tavistoc Publications, 1972;
• Shanin, Teodor. (1972). The Awkward Class: Political Sociology of Peasantry in a Developing Society, Russia 1910-1925. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
• ‘Peasants and Peasant Societies’ (ed.) Penguin Books, 1971;

Books in Russian[]

• Отцы и дети. Поколенческий анализ современной России, Левада Ю., Шанин Т., НЛО 2003 [Generational Analysis of Contemporary Russia]
• Крестьянское восстание в Тамбовской губернии в 1919-1921гг. Антоновщина, (ed. together with V.Danilov) Тамбов, 1994 [The Peasant War in Tambov Region in 1919–1921. Antonovschina]
• Неформальная Экономика: Россия и Мир, (ed.) Логос, 1999 [Informal economies: Russia and the World];
• Рефлексивное крестьяноведение и десятилетие исследований сельской России, (ed. together with A.Nikulin and V.Danilov) РОССПЭН, 2002 [Reflexive Peasantology];

References[]

External links[]

• Teodor Shanin, The Idea of Progress, 1997.
• Web-page about Teodor Shanin's life, books and Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences, cofounded by him
• Selected Articles
• Teodor Shanin on Facebook