Tephrosia

Tephrosia
	Tephrosia elongata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Faboideae
Tribe:	Millettieae
Genus:	Tephrosia; Pers. 1807
Species
	See text.
Synonyms
	Caulocarpus Baker f.; Colinil Adans.; Cracca L. 1753 (non Benth., nom. rej.); Erebinthus Mitch.; Lupinophyllum Hutch.; Needhamia Scop. 1777; Ptycholobium Harms; Reineria Moench; Requienia DC.; Seemannantha Alef.;

Tephrosia is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is widespread in both the Eastern and Western Hemisphere, where it is found in tropical and warm-temperate regions.^[3]

The generic name is derived from the Greek word τεφρος (tephros), meaning "ash-colored," referring to the greyish tint given to the leaves by their dense trichomes.^[4] Hoarypea is a common name for plants in this genus.^[5]

Uses[]

Many species in the genus are poisonous, particularly to fish, for their high concentration of rotenone. The black seeds of Tephrosia species have historically been used by indigenous cultures as fish toxins.^[6]^[7]^[8] In the last century, several Tephrosia species have been studied in connection with the use of rotenone as an insecticide and pesticide.

Tephrosia vogelii is also one of the many beneficial nitrogen-fixing legumes that can be used in a permaculture forest gardening system as a source of living 'chop and drop' mulch.^[9]

Species[]

Species include:^[10]

C.E.Wood
Baker
Benth.
Baker
Du Puy & Labat
H.M.L.Forbes
D.Dietr.
E.Mey.
Baker
Chapman
Thulin
Tephrosia apollinea (Delile) DC.
Tephrosia arenicola Maconochie
Harms
Harms
C.T.White
Benth.
Baker f.
Harms
Harms
Cufod.
Bosman & de Haas
J.R.Drumm.
Lundell
Pedley
Lescot
(R.Vig.) Du Puy & Labat
(Dumaz-le-Grand) Du Puy & Labat
Benth.
Baill.
Benth.
Domin
Guill. & Perr.
Schrire
Burtt Davy
Baker f.
Bedd.
Brandegee
J.R.Drumm.
Tephrosia candida (Roxb.) DC.
(Jacq.) Pers.
Verdc.
O. Téllez
Baker
Harms
Brummitt
Brummitt
Tephrosia chrysophylla Pursh
(L.) Pers.
Tephrosia clementii Skan
Alain
Wall.
V.S.Sharma
W.Fitzg.
(Rydb.) Standl.
(Small) Leon
Hutch. & Burtt Davy
J.B.Gillett
Benth.
Baker
Benth.
Benth.
(Rose) J.F.Macbr.
(Small) Shinners
De Wild.
Baker
Domin
(Dumaz-le-Grand) Du Puy & Labat
Baker
Benth.
Baker
Pedley
Hook.f.
Scheele
A.Rich.
Domin
Baker
(Rose) J.F.Macbr.
Hutch. & Dalziel
E.Mey.
Baker
Baker
Sandwith
Deflers
Schum.
(Nutt.) Benth.
Bosman & de Haas
Tephrosia elongata E.Mey.
A.Rich.
Benth.
Verd.
Brummitt
(Thunb.) Pers.
S.V.Ramaswamy
Brummitt
McVaugh
Brummitt
Chiov.
Benth.
Domin
Benth.
G.Don
(F.Dietr.) C.E.Wood
(Vail) Isely
(Rydb.) L.Riley
Baker
F.Muell.
A.Rich.
Domin
Baker
(Dumaz-le-Grand) Du Puy & Labat
Tephrosia glomeruliflora Meissner
Brummitt
Cout.
Baker f.
H.M.L.Forbes
Guill. & Perr.
Merxm.
(Aiton) Pers.
H.M.L.Forbes
O.Tellez
Bornm.
Harms
Vatke
Vatke
(Michx.) Pers.
Chiov.
De Wild.
Taub.
Wight & Arn.
Baker
Dumaz-le-Grand
Guill. & Perr.
L.Riley
(R.Vig.) Du Puy & Labat
H.M.L.Forbes
(Roxb.) Graham ex Wight
Engl.
Baker f.
Du Puy & Labat
Santapau
Benth.
Brummitt & J.B.Gillett
Thulin
Baker f.
Boulos
De Wild.
Cronquist
J.R.Drumm. & Craib
De Wild.
Meissner
Baker
F.Muell.
M.Martens & Galeotti
Micheli
Guill. & Perr.
Domin
Cronquist
A.Gray
Baker f.
Benth.
Tisser.
Kunth
Domin
A.Gray
(Willd.) Pers.
Meissner
Baker f.
DC.
Sond.
Vogel
Baker
Pringle
Benth.
(E.Mey.) Harv.
(Benth.) Domin
Merr. & L.M.Perry
Seem.
Micheli
Brummitt
De Wild.
H.M.L.Forbes
DC.
(L.) Pers.
Baker
C.E.Wood
J.B.Gillett
J.B.Gillett
O. Téllez
Brummitt
(Rydb.) R.K.Godfrey
Schinz
Brummitt
Tisser.
A.Chev.
(Thunb.) DC.
Harms
Rose
R.G.N.Young
Tephrosia mysteriosa DeLaney
Schweinf.
H.M.L.Forbes
Chodat & Hassl.
Torre
Oerst.
Seem.
Baker
De Wild.
(Boiss.) Baker
Baker
Chiov.
Benth.
Merr.
Tephrosia odorata Balf.f.
Benth.
Tephrosia onobrychoides Nutt.
Tisser.
Baker
L.Riley
(Aiton) Pers.
S.Watson
Baker
(R.Vig.) Du Puy & Labat
Harms
Baker f.
Baker
(Roxb.) G.Don
R.Vig.
Boiss.
Benth.
(R.Vig.) Du Puy & Labat
H.M.L.Forbes
Du Puy & Labat
Guill. & Perr.
(Rose) Standl.
C.E.Wood
(Chiov.) J.B.Gillett
E.Mey.
Benth.
Tephrosia pondoensis (Codd) Schrire
Benth.
Brandegee
Brummitt
(Rose) J.F.Macbr.
Baker f.
Hook. f.
(Lam.) Pers.
J.B.Gillett
(R.Vig.) Du Puy & Labat
Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers.
C.E.Wood
Baker
Ali
Benth.
Baker
(Baker) Soler.
Benth.
Burtt Davy
Brandegee
Baker f.
J.B.Gillett
Span.
Baker
Baker f.
Brummitt
Tephrosia rosea Benth.
J.R.Drumm.
Pedley
Shuttlew.
J.B.Gillett
Domin
C.E.Wood
Thulin
(Britten & Baker f.) K.Schum.
Sond.
Shinners
Baker f.
Kunth
(L.) Pers.
(Poir.) Hassl.
(L.) Pers.
Ali
Schinz
J.R.Drumm.
C.E.Wood
(Buc'hoz) A.Chev.
F.Muell.
McVaugh
Tephrosia socotrana Thulin
O. Téllez
Pedley
F.Muell.
(Walter) Torr. & A.Gray
Tephrosia spinosa (L.f.) Pers.
(Desv.) DC.
W.Fitzg.
De Wild.
(L.f.) Pers.
(Dalzell) Santapau & Maheshw.
Benth.
Du Puy & Labat
(Rose) L.Riley
Domin
Domin
Cronquist
Baker
Hutch. & Burtt Davy
Domin
Baker f.
Berhaut
De Wild.
(Standl.) Standl.
Rydb.
Pers.
(Thunb.) Pers.
Thoth. & D.N.Das
Bamps
Pers.
F.Muell.
(Bailey) C.T.White
De Wild.
C.E.Wood
Vogel
Schltdl.
Du Puy & Labat
(L.) Pers.
Pedley
H.M.L.Forbes
Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers.
Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f.
Du Puy & Labat
(Standl.) J.F.Macbr.
Baker f.
J.R.Drumm.
Brummitt
Backer
Bremek.

Hybrids[]

Hybrids include:^[10]

Tephrosia × intermedia (Small) G.L. Nesom & Zarucchi

References[]

^ "Genus: Tephrosia Pers". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05. Archived from the original on 2014-01-04. Retrieved 2014-04-05.
^ Pedley L. (2014). "Systematics of Tephrosia Pers. (Fabaceae: Millettiae) in Queensland: 1. A summary of the classification of the genus, with the recognition of two new species allied to T. varians (F.M.Bailey) C.T.White". Austrobaileya. 9 (2): 229–243. JSTOR 43869005.
^ Weakley, Alan (2015). "Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States".
^ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology. Vol. IV R-Z. CRC Press. p. 2642. ISBN 978-0-8493-2678-3.
^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Tephrosia". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
^ U.S. Food & Drug Administration (March 2006). "Results for search term "tephrosia"". FDA Poisonous Plant Database. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Retrieved 2008-01-21.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ Hugh Scott, In the High Yemen, London 1942, p. 238, note C.
^ NTFlora Northern Territory Flora online: Flora of the Darwin Region: Fabaceae. Retrieved 10 June 2018
^ Koigi, Bob (November 2011). "Tephrosia Leaf Offers Low-Cost Tick Protection". New Agriculturalist.
^ ^a ^b The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species, retrieved January 14, 2017

External links[]

"GRIN Species Records of Tephrosia". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2008-10-15. Retrieved 2010-10-25.
"Tephrosia". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.l
Plantilustrations.org: Tephrosia. (Botanical illustrations for Tephrosia species.)
Data related to Tephrosia (Plantae) at Wikispecies
Media related to Tephrosia at Wikimedia Commons

[GRIN-1] "Genus: Tephrosia Pers". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05. Archived from the original on 2014-01-04. Retrieved 2014-04-05.

[2] Pedley L. (2014). "Systematics of Tephrosia Pers. (Fabaceae: Millettiae) in Queensland: 1. A summary of the classification of the genus, with the recognition of two new species allied to T. varians (F.M.Bailey) C.T.White". Austrobaileya. 9 (2): 229–243. JSTOR 43869005.

[weakley2015-3] Weakley, Alan (2015). "Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States".

[4] Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology. Vol. IV R-Z. CRC Press. p. 2642. ISBN 978-0-8493-2678-3.

[5] USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Tephrosia". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 8 December 2015.

[6] U.S. Food & Drug Administration (March 2006). "Results for search term "tephrosia"". FDA Poisonous Plant Database. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Retrieved 2008-01-21.^{[permanent dead link]}

[7] Hugh Scott, In the High Yemen, London 1942, p. 238, note C.

[NTflora-8] NTFlora Northern Territory Flora online: Flora of the Darwin Region: Fabaceae. Retrieved 10 June 2018

[NA-9] Koigi, Bob (November 2011). "Tephrosia Leaf Offers Low-Cost Tick Protection". New Agriculturalist.

[TPL-10] The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species, retrieved January 14, 2017

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