TerminusDB

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TerminusDB

Developer(s)	TerminusDB
Initial release	2019; 3 years ago (2019)
Stable release	10.0.3 / September 23, 2021; 5 months ago (2021-09-23)[1]
Repository	github.com/terminusdb/terminusdb
Written in	Rust, Prolog[2]
Type	Graph database
License	Apache 2.0
Website	terminusdb.com

TerminusDB is an open source knowledge graph and document store. It is used to build versioned data products. It is a native revision control database that is architecturally similar to Git. It is listed on DB-Engines.

TerminusDB provides a document API for building via the JSON exchange format. TerminusX is a cloud self-serve data platform built on TerminusDB

TerminusDB is available under the Apache 2.0 license. TerminusDB is implemented in Prolog and Rust.

History[]

TerminusDB, previously known as DataChemist,^[3][4] was founded in Dublin, Ireland. Starting in Trinity College Dublin,^[5] the development team behind TerminusDB ran the Horizon 2020 project ALIGNED that worked from February 2015 to January 2018. An open-access e-book entitled Engineering Agile Big-Data Systems was published on completion of the ALIGNED project.^[6]

Seshat is an international scientific research project of the nonprofit Evolution Institute which uses TerminusDB as data infrastructure. Seshat has been working with the development team from the ALIGNED project onward. This work has been reported in several major newspapers. TerminusDB is also the database behind the associated Institute for Economics and Peace and Oxford University historical peace index project.

The results of some aspects of this research, focused on the relationship between complex societies and moralizing gods, appeared in Nature.^[7]

Version 1.0 was released in October 2019.^[8] TerminusDB was first released under the GPLv3 licence with the client libraries released with the Apache 2 licence. With v4.0, which was released in December 2020, TerminusDB switched to the Apache 2.0 license. The shift was discussed extensively.^[9]

Name[]

TerminusDB is named after the Roman God of Boundaries, Terminus. It is also named after the home planet of the Foundation in the series of science-fiction novel by Issac Asimov.^[17] TerminusDB uses a CowDuck mascot - the motif finds its origins in the examples used by core engineer when first demonstrating the append only immutable data store^[18]

Main features[]

TerminusDB is an in-memory graph database management system with a rich query language. The design of the underlying data structure, which is implemented in a Rust library, uses a succinct data structures and delta encoding approach drawing inspiration from software source control systems like Git.^[19] This allows all of the Git semantics to be used in TerminusDB.

TerminusDB is based on the RDF standard. This standard specifies finite labelled directed graphs which are parameterized in some universe of datatypes. The names for nodes and labels are drawn from a set of IRIs (Internationalized Resource Identifiers). TerminusDB uses the XSD datatypes as its universe of concrete values. For schema design, TerminusDB used the OWL language until version 10.0. It now uses a JSON schema interface allowing users to build schemas using a simple JSON format. This provides a rich modelling language which enables constraints on the allowable shapes in the graph.

TerminusDB has a promise based client for the browser and node.js it is available through the npm registry, or can be directly included in web-sites.^[20] It also has a Python client for the TerminusDB RESTful API and the pythonic version of the web object query language, WOQLpy.^[21]

Query language[]

is a datalog-based query language. It allows TerminusDB to treat the database as a document store or a graph interchangeably, and provides query features to make relationship traversals easy. This gives a relatively straightforward human-readable format which can be easily stored in TerminusDB itself.

Example[]

This demonstrates a simple query which creates a document in the database, along with labels and cardinality constraints.^[22]

WOQL.doctype("BankAccount").label("Bank Account")
    .property("owner","xsd:string")
       .label("owner")
       .cardinality(1)
    .property("balance","xsd:nonNegativeInteger")
       .label("owner")
       .cardinality(1)

References[]

External links[]

• Official website