Tetrastichus coeruleus

Tetrastichus coeruleus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Eulophidae
Genus:	Tetrastichus
Species:	T. coeruleus
Binomial name
	Tetrastichus coeruleus; (Nees, 1834)
Synonyms
	Tetrastichus asparagi Crawford, 1909

Tetrastichus coeruleus is a gregarious koinobiont wasp which can be used as a biological control agent for the common asparagus beetle.^[1]

It was originally named Tetrastichus asparagi Crawford,^[2] thus most of the literature about this species has been published under this other name.^[3]

Tetrastichus coeruleus has populations which are infected with the parthenogenesis-inducing Wolbachia and populations which are not.^[4]

On average, 4.75 T. coeruleus adults emerge per larva, though this ranges between 2 and 13 specimens per larva.^[5]

References[]

^ Fernald, H. T. (1 August 1909). "A parasite of the asparagus beetle". Journal of Economic Entomology. 2 (4): 278–279. doi:10.1093/jee/2.4.278. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
^ Noyes, J. S. (March 2018). "Universal Chalcidoidea Database". Retrieved 4 November 2018. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Morrison, William R. (1 September 2014). "The Common Asparagus Beetle and Spotted Asparagus Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Identification, Ecology, and Management". Journal of Integrated Pest Management. 5 (3): B1–B6. doi:10.1603/IPM14004. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
^ Reumer, BM (September 2013). "Population genetics of Wolbachia-infected, parthenogenetic and uninfected, sexual populations of Tetrastichus coeruleus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)". Molecular Ecology. 22 (17): 4433–44. doi:10.1111/mec.12397. PMID 23879258.
^ Capinera, J. L.; Lilly, J. H. (15 May 1975). "Tetrastichus asparagi, parasitoid of the asparagus beetle: some aspects of host-parasitoid interaction". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 68 (3): 595–596. doi:10.1093/aesa/68.3.595. Retrieved 4 November 2018.

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[1] Fernald, H. T. (1 August 1909). "A parasite of the asparagus beetle". Journal of Economic Entomology. 2 (4): 278–279. doi:10.1093/jee/2.4.278. Retrieved 4 November 2018.

[2] Noyes, J. S. (March 2018). "Universal Chalcidoidea Database". Retrieved 4 November 2018. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[Morrison-3] Morrison, William R. (1 September 2014). "The Common Asparagus Beetle and Spotted Asparagus Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Identification, Ecology, and Management". Journal of Integrated Pest Management. 5 (3): B1–B6. doi:10.1603/IPM14004. Retrieved 4 November 2018.

[4] Reumer, BM (September 2013). "Population genetics of Wolbachia-infected, parthenogenetic and uninfected, sexual populations of Tetrastichus coeruleus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)". Molecular Ecology. 22 (17): 4433–44. doi:10.1111/mec.12397. PMID 23879258.

[Capinera-5] Capinera, J. L.; Lilly, J. H. (15 May 1975). "Tetrastichus asparagi, parasitoid of the asparagus beetle: some aspects of host-parasitoid interaction". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 68 (3): 595–596. doi:10.1093/aesa/68.3.595. Retrieved 4 November 2018.

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